Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.1002/9781119564485.CH9
P. Scarlato, S. Mollo, C. Petrone, T. Ubide, Flavio Di Stefano
{"title":"Interpreting Magma Dynamics Through a Statistically Refined Thermometer","authors":"P. Scarlato, S. Mollo, C. Petrone, T. Ubide, Flavio Di Stefano","doi":"10.1002/9781119564485.CH9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119564485.CH9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"7 1","pages":"195-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88932844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.1002/9781119564485.CH5
A. Castro, Carmen Rodríguez, J. Díaz-Alvarado, C. Fernández, O. García-Moreno
{"title":"Magma Differentiation and Contamination","authors":"A. Castro, Carmen Rodríguez, J. Díaz-Alvarado, C. Fernández, O. García-Moreno","doi":"10.1002/9781119564485.CH5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119564485.CH5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"15 1","pages":"105-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81583404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.1002/9781119564485.CH4
M. Brenna, T. Ubide, A. Nichols, S. Mollo, A. Pontesilli
{"title":"Anatomy of Intraplate Monogenetic Alkaline Basaltic Magmatism","authors":"M. Brenna, T. Ubide, A. Nichols, S. Mollo, A. Pontesilli","doi":"10.1002/9781119564485.CH4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119564485.CH4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"6 1","pages":"79-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88409972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.1002/9781119564485.CH1
L. Ziberna
Xenoliths of plutonic rocks sporadically torn off by erupting magmas are known to carry valuable information about volcano plumbing systems and the lithosphere in which they emplace. One of the mai...
偶尔被喷发的岩浆撕裂的深成岩捕虏体携带着有关火山管道系统及其所在岩石圈的宝贵信息。其中一个……
{"title":"Geothermobarometry of Mafic and Ultramafic Xenoliths","authors":"L. Ziberna","doi":"10.1002/9781119564485.CH1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119564485.CH1","url":null,"abstract":"Xenoliths of plutonic rocks sporadically torn off by erupting magmas are known to carry valuable information about volcano plumbing systems and the lithosphere in which they emplace. One of the mai...","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74825986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.1002/9781119564485.CH10
L. Pappalardo, G. Buono
{"title":"Insights Into Processes and Timescales of Magma Storage and Ascent From Textural and Geochemical Investigations","authors":"L. Pappalardo, G. Buono","doi":"10.1002/9781119564485.CH10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119564485.CH10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"64 1","pages":"213-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84954068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-07DOI: 10.1002/9781119815617.CH21
K. Heki
Large earthquakes disturb the ionosphere in several different ways, and we can observe them with GNSS networks as changes in TEC. First, I discuss coseismic disturbances that appear ~10 minutes after earthquakes as sudden TEC oscillations propagating towardmagnetic equator with the acoustic wave speed (~1 km/s). Coseismic uplift/subsidence excite acoustic waves, and components with periods of 4–5 minutes propagate to the ionospheric F region and cause TEC oscillations. An empirical law is proposed to relate their amplitudes to moment magnitudes (Mw) of earthquakes using ~30 events Mw6.6–9.2. A very large earthquake is often followed by resonant atmospheric oscillation lasting for hours. Rayleigh surface waves also make acoustic waves and cause TEC oscillations thousands of kilometers away from epicenters. Secondly, I review current knowledge of TEC changes occurring immediately before large earthquakes. They start 10–80 minutes before earthquakes and make positive electron density anomalies above faults about to rupture. Comparison of 18 earthquakes Mw7.3–9.2 suggests positive correlations with Mw in their leading times, changes in TEC rates, and cumulative anomalies. The three-dimensional structure of electron density anomalies suggest they are formed by E× B drift caused by the penetration of electric fields, possibly made by surface charges, through the ionosphere.
{"title":"Ionospheric Disturbances Related to Earthquakes","authors":"K. Heki","doi":"10.1002/9781119815617.CH21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119815617.CH21","url":null,"abstract":"Large earthquakes disturb the ionosphere in several different ways, and we can observe them with GNSS networks as changes in TEC. First, I discuss coseismic disturbances that appear ~10 minutes after earthquakes as sudden TEC oscillations propagating towardmagnetic equator with the acoustic wave speed (~1 km/s). Coseismic uplift/subsidence excite acoustic waves, and components with periods of 4–5 minutes propagate to the ionospheric F region and cause TEC oscillations. An empirical law is proposed to relate their amplitudes to moment magnitudes (Mw) of earthquakes using ~30 events Mw6.6–9.2. A very large earthquake is often followed by resonant atmospheric oscillation lasting for hours. Rayleigh surface waves also make acoustic waves and cause TEC oscillations thousands of kilometers away from epicenters. Secondly, I review current knowledge of TEC changes occurring immediately before large earthquakes. They start 10–80 minutes before earthquakes and make positive electron density anomalies above faults about to rupture. Comparison of 18 earthquakes Mw7.3–9.2 suggests positive correlations with Mw in their leading times, changes in TEC rates, and cumulative anomalies. The three-dimensional structure of electron density anomalies suggest they are formed by E× B drift caused by the penetration of electric fields, possibly made by surface charges, through the ionosphere.","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"480 1","pages":"511-526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77047608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-07DOI: 10.1002/9781119815617.CH15
Shunrong Zhang
{"title":"Ionosphere and Thermosphere Coupling at Mid‐ and Subauroral Latitudes","authors":"Shunrong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/9781119815617.CH15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119815617.CH15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"1 1","pages":"339-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89447641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-24DOI: 10.1002/9781119815617.CH7
S. Haaland, B. Lybekk, L. Maes, K. Laundal, A. Pedersen, P. Tenfjord, A. Ohma, N. Østgaard, J. Reistad, K. Snekvik
{"title":"Ion Outflow and Lobe Density","authors":"S. Haaland, B. Lybekk, L. Maes, K. Laundal, A. Pedersen, P. Tenfjord, A. Ohma, N. Østgaard, J. Reistad, K. Snekvik","doi":"10.1002/9781119815617.CH7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119815617.CH7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"61 1","pages":"127-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82604811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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