Pub Date : 2020-03-24DOI: 10.1002/9781119508229.ch27
Sulgiye Park, Yu Lin, W. Mao
{"title":"Diamondoids Under Pressure","authors":"Sulgiye Park, Yu Lin, W. Mao","doi":"10.1002/9781119508229.ch27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119508229.ch27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"85 1","pages":"341-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79035366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-24DOI: 10.1002/9781119508229.ch8
Tianshu Li, Yuanfei Bi, Boxiao Cao
{"title":"Crystallization of Water Mediated by Carbon","authors":"Tianshu Li, Yuanfei Bi, Boxiao Cao","doi":"10.1002/9781119508229.ch8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119508229.ch8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"6 1","pages":"77-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91518406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-24DOI: 10.1002/9781119508229.ch22
D. Sverjensky, I. Daniel, A. V. Brovarone
{"title":"The Changing Character of Carbon in Fluids with Pressure","authors":"D. Sverjensky, I. Daniel, A. V. Brovarone","doi":"10.1002/9781119508229.ch22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119508229.ch22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"1 1","pages":"259-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85541004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-24DOI: 10.1002/9781119508229.ch10
D. Cherniak, M. Schaller, B. Watson
{"title":"Nitrogen Diffusion in Calcite","authors":"D. Cherniak, M. Schaller, B. Watson","doi":"10.1002/9781119508229.ch10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119508229.ch10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"2 1","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87135499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.1002/9781119227250.CH14
D. Saxey, S. Reddy, D. Fougerouse, W. Rickard
{"title":"The Optimization of Zircon Analyses by Laser‐Assisted Atom Probe Microscopy","authors":"D. Saxey, S. Reddy, D. Fougerouse, W. Rickard","doi":"10.1002/9781119227250.CH14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119227250.CH14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"90 1","pages":"293-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80455302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.1002/9781119227250.CH18
T. Blum, J. Darling, T. Kelly, D. Larson, D. Moser, A. Pérez-Huerta, T. Prosa, S. Reddy, D. Reinhard, D. Saxey, R. Ulfig, J. Valley
Recent work has established atom probe tomography (APT) as a unique tool within the geosciences for interrogat ing material chemistry at the nanoscale. In APT, a needle‐ shaped specimen with an end‐form radius on the order of 50–100 nm is held at high voltage, and constituent atoms are field evaporated through application of a timed voltage pulse (for conductive materials) or laser pulse (for semicon ductors and insulators). The voltage bias and small radius of curvature produce a large electric field that is localized around, and diverging from, the end surface of the needle‐ shaped specimen; evaporated ions are accelerated by the local electric field, leading to divergent trajectories for ions originating from different positions on the specimen surface. A position‐sensitive detector records both the hit position of Best Practices for Reporting Atom Probe Analysis of Geological Materials
{"title":"Best Practices for Reporting Atom Probe Analysis of Geological Materials","authors":"T. Blum, J. Darling, T. Kelly, D. Larson, D. Moser, A. Pérez-Huerta, T. Prosa, S. Reddy, D. Reinhard, D. Saxey, R. Ulfig, J. Valley","doi":"10.1002/9781119227250.CH18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119227250.CH18","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work has established atom probe tomography (APT) as a unique tool within the geosciences for interrogat ing material chemistry at the nanoscale. In APT, a needle‐ shaped specimen with an end‐form radius on the order of 50–100 nm is held at high voltage, and constituent atoms are field evaporated through application of a timed voltage pulse (for conductive materials) or laser pulse (for semicon ductors and insulators). The voltage bias and small radius of curvature produce a large electric field that is localized around, and diverging from, the end surface of the needle‐ shaped specimen; evaporated ions are accelerated by the local electric field, leading to divergent trajectories for ions originating from different positions on the specimen surface. A position‐sensitive detector records both the hit position of Best Practices for Reporting Atom Probe Analysis of Geological Materials","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"47 1","pages":"369-373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85686409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.1002/9781119227250.CH13
M. Kusiak, S. Wilde, R. Wirth, M. Whitehouse, D. Dunkley, I. Lyon, S. Reddy, A. Berry, M. D. Jonge
{"title":"Detecting Micro‐ and Nanoscale Variations in Element Mobility in High‐Grade Metamorphic Rocks","authors":"M. Kusiak, S. Wilde, R. Wirth, M. Whitehouse, D. Dunkley, I. Lyon, S. Reddy, A. Berry, M. D. Jonge","doi":"10.1002/9781119227250.CH13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119227250.CH13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"1 1","pages":"279-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83349266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-20DOI: 10.1002/9781119216346.CH20
S. Wing, J. Johnson, E. Camporeale
textabstractAuroral particle precipitation exhibits dawn-dusk asymmetries that reflect the asymmetries in the particle populations, waves, and processes in the magnetosphere. The diffuse auroral electrons can be observed mainly in 22:00 – 09:00 MLT, which coincides much with the spatial distribution of the whistler-mode chorus waves that have been shown to be the predominant mechanism for pitch-angle scatterring magnetospheric electrons into the loss cone. On the other hand, the monoenergetic auroral electrons can be observed at dusk-midnight sector. The monoenergetic electrons are magnetospheric electrons that have gone through a quasi-static parallel electric field in the upward field-aligned current regions. The broadband auroral electrons can be found mostly at 22:00 – 02:00 MLT where a peak in the Poynting flux of Alfven waves is observed. Alfven waves are known to cause broadband acceleration of electrons. There may be a connection between monoenergetic and broadband electrons in that the low frequency Alfven wave–electron interaction can result in monoenergetic electron signature. Substorms increase the power of the diffuse, monoenergetic, and broadband electron aurora by 310%, 71%, and 170%, respectively. The duration of the substorm cycle for monenergetic and broadband auroral is ~5 hr, but it is larger than 5 hr for diffuse auroral electrons.
{"title":"Dawn-dusk asymmetries in the auroral particle precipitation and their modulations by substorms","authors":"S. Wing, J. Johnson, E. Camporeale","doi":"10.1002/9781119216346.CH20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119216346.CH20","url":null,"abstract":"textabstractAuroral particle precipitation exhibits dawn-dusk asymmetries that reflect the asymmetries in the particle populations, waves, and processes in the magnetosphere. The diffuse auroral electrons can be observed mainly in 22:00 – 09:00 MLT, which coincides much with the spatial distribution of the whistler-mode chorus waves that have been shown to be the predominant mechanism for pitch-angle scatterring magnetospheric electrons into the loss cone. On the other hand, the monoenergetic auroral electrons can be observed at dusk-midnight sector. The monoenergetic electrons are magnetospheric electrons that have gone through a quasi-static parallel electric field in the upward field-aligned current regions. The broadband auroral electrons can be found mostly at 22:00 – 02:00 MLT where a peak in the Poynting flux of Alfven waves is observed. Alfven waves are known to cause broadband acceleration of electrons. There may be a connection between monoenergetic and broadband electrons in that the low frequency Alfven wave–electron interaction can result in monoenergetic electron signature. Substorms increase the power of the diffuse, monoenergetic, and broadband electron aurora by 310%, 71%, and 170%, respectively. The duration of the substorm cycle for monenergetic and broadband auroral is ~5 hr, but it is larger than 5 hr for diffuse auroral electrons.","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"47 1","pages":"255-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79564000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-19DOI: 10.1002/9781119068020.CH15
S. Lewis, D. Karoly, A. King, S. Perkins, M. Donat
{"title":"Mechanisms Explaining Recent Changes in Australian Climate Extremes","authors":"S. Lewis, D. Karoly, A. King, S. Perkins, M. Donat","doi":"10.1002/9781119068020.CH15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119068020.CH15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"37 1","pages":"249-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74136124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-19DOI: 10.1002/9781119068020.CH6
A. King, M. Donat, E. Hawkins, D. Karoly
{"title":"Timing of Anthropogenic Emergence in Climate Extremes","authors":"A. King, M. Donat, E. Hawkins, D. Karoly","doi":"10.1002/9781119068020.CH6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119068020.CH6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"91 1","pages":"93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73318188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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