Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.2
M. Bielik, H. Zeyen, V. Starostenko, I. Makarenko, O. Legostaeva, Sasha Savchenko, J. Dérerová, M. Grinč, Dominika Godová, J. Pánisová
: Here, we revisit the most prominent features of the complete Bouguer anomaly map and their interpretation, along with the current knowledge of the lithospheric thickness in the Carpathian–Pannonian region. The stripped gravity map, i.e., the sediment-stripped complete Bouguer
{"title":"A review of geophysical studies of the lithosphere in the Carpathian–Pannonian region","authors":"M. Bielik, H. Zeyen, V. Starostenko, I. Makarenko, O. Legostaeva, Sasha Savchenko, J. Dérerová, M. Grinč, Dominika Godová, J. Pánisová","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.2","url":null,"abstract":": Here, we revisit the most prominent features of the complete Bouguer anomaly map and their interpretation, along with the current knowledge of the lithospheric thickness in the Carpathian–Pannonian region. The stripped gravity map, i.e., the sediment-stripped complete Bouguer","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49164700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.1
E. Catlos, I. Broska, Milan Kohút, T. Etzel, J. Kyle, D. Stockli, D. Miggins, Daniel Campos
: The Western and High Tatra Mountains (northern Slovakia, southern Poland) contain the best-exposed rocks record within the Carpathian orogenic belt. Petrological, geochemical, and geochronological data from granitic assemblages across the Western (n = 1) and High Tatra Mountains (n = 19) were used to understand how they responded to an extended tectonic and magmatic history. Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon dating shows a dominant Early Carboniferous (Tournaisian, TuffZirc age = 349.3 + 2.9 / −1.5 Ma at 95 % confidence, n = 119 spots), but Paleoproterozoic/Neoarchean (2544 ± 33 Ma, ±1σ) to Late Carboniferous (Kasimovian, 305.8 ± 6.2 Ma) dates were also found. The age pattern is consistent with granitic assemblages within the European Variscan belt and suggests an affinity with Armorican terranes derived from a northern Gondwanan Cadomian arc. The final stages of Variscan orogenic collapse are timed at ca. 315 Ma based on the youngest zircon age population. Monazite dated in thin section are also Tournaisian, but the youngest age is Permian (Th–Pb, 270.0 ± 9.1 Ma, ±1σ), consistent with timing of large-scale Pangean Permian extension. High Tatra granite K-feldspar 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages indicate slow post-magmatic cooling after granite crystallization. The oldest 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages from two samples near Lomnický štít (LS) suggest a thermal event in the Late Triassic (~220 Ma), but others from the sub-Tatra fault and near Gerlachovský štít (GS) are younger (Early Cretaceous, ~120 Ma). The thermal history from K-feldspar at the base of LS shows pulsed exhumation at faster rates between 70–55 Ma (300–200 ° C) and 45–35 Ma (200–100 ° C). The results document the Paleo-Alpine tectonic imprint of the Western and High Tatra Mountains until the onset of more Neo-Alpine exhumation. The data point to uplift earlier than suggested by models of extrusion tectonics applied to the region. Early uplift is connected with Eocene ALCAPA (ALps–CArpathians–PAnnonia) escape leading later to the development of the Carpathian arc.
{"title":"Geochronology, geochemistry, and geodynamic evolution of Tatric granites from crystallization to exhumation (Tatra Mountains, Western Carpathians)","authors":"E. Catlos, I. Broska, Milan Kohút, T. Etzel, J. Kyle, D. Stockli, D. Miggins, Daniel Campos","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.1","url":null,"abstract":": The Western and High Tatra Mountains (northern Slovakia, southern Poland) contain the best-exposed rocks record within the Carpathian orogenic belt. Petrological, geochemical, and geochronological data from granitic assemblages across the Western (n = 1) and High Tatra Mountains (n = 19) were used to understand how they responded to an extended tectonic and magmatic history. Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon dating shows a dominant Early Carboniferous (Tournaisian, TuffZirc age = 349.3 + 2.9 / −1.5 Ma at 95 % confidence, n = 119 spots), but Paleoproterozoic/Neoarchean (2544 ± 33 Ma, ±1σ) to Late Carboniferous (Kasimovian, 305.8 ± 6.2 Ma) dates were also found. The age pattern is consistent with granitic assemblages within the European Variscan belt and suggests an affinity with Armorican terranes derived from a northern Gondwanan Cadomian arc. The final stages of Variscan orogenic collapse are timed at ca. 315 Ma based on the youngest zircon age population. Monazite dated in thin section are also Tournaisian, but the youngest age is Permian (Th–Pb, 270.0 ± 9.1 Ma, ±1σ), consistent with timing of large-scale Pangean Permian extension. High Tatra granite K-feldspar 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages indicate slow post-magmatic cooling after granite crystallization. The oldest 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages from two samples near Lomnický štít (LS) suggest a thermal event in the Late Triassic (~220 Ma), but others from the sub-Tatra fault and near Gerlachovský štít (GS) are younger (Early Cretaceous, ~120 Ma). The thermal history from K-feldspar at the base of LS shows pulsed exhumation at faster rates between 70–55 Ma (300–200 ° C) and 45–35 Ma (200–100 ° C). The results document the Paleo-Alpine tectonic imprint of the Western and High Tatra Mountains until the onset of more Neo-Alpine exhumation. The data point to uplift earlier than suggested by models of extrusion tectonics applied to the region. Early uplift is connected with Eocene ALCAPA (ALps–CArpathians–PAnnonia) escape leading later to the development of the Carpathian arc.","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46407383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.6
A. Vozárová, O. Němec, Katarína Šarinová, J. Vozár
: The Zemplinic pre-Alpine crystalline basement occur within a northwest-southeast striking tectonic horst, uplifted from the basement of the Cenozoic fill of the East Slovakian Basin. Its tectonic affiliation has not yet been clearly resolved, therefore, this either represents a continuation of the Western Carpathians crystalline basement units to the east or belongs to another tectonic unit. The Zemplinic metabasic rocks are represented by typical amphibolites, which are dark-coloured with strong to weakly foliated or lineated structures. The results of geothermobarometry and constructed phase diagrams indicate a P–T interval of an amphibolite facies with conditions of 610–730 °C at 0.58–0.76 GPa. Their critical mineral association Hbl + Pl + Cpx corresponds to the climax of the orogenic metamorphism of the Zemplinic crystalline basement. Based on their chemical composition, the protolith of metabasic rocks corresponds to two volcanic groups: the sub-alkali basalt (Nb/Y = 0.05–0.31) and the alkali basalt (Nb/Y = 0.90–1.85). The Nb N / Th N values (= 0.04–0.19) exhibit “arc” signatures for the sub-alkali metabasalts. The sub-alkali metabasalt group, which is shown in the incompatible element’s diagrams, indicates that it normalized to N-MORB and E-MORB and inclines to E-MORB basalts, with evidence of Zr–Hf, Ti, Y, and Nb depletion. On the other hand, the group of alkali metabasalts tends to be more transitional to the OIB basalts, with evidence of higher enrichment in LREE and MREE, as well as in Th, U, Nb, Zr, Ti, and Y. The Zemplinic metabasic rocks comprise a variety of enriched basalts, running from intra-oceanic towards within-plate or towards intra-oceanic- and island-arc field accord with the extensional supra-subduction regime of back-arc basins. From the point of view of tectonic development, we consider the Zemplinic Unit to be a continuation of the Inner Western Carpathians.
{"title":"Metabasic rocks from the Zemplinic crystalline basement (Western Carpathians, Slovakia): Metamorphic evolution and igneous protolith","authors":"A. Vozárová, O. Němec, Katarína Šarinová, J. Vozár","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.6","url":null,"abstract":": The Zemplinic pre-Alpine crystalline basement occur within a northwest-southeast striking tectonic horst, uplifted from the basement of the Cenozoic fill of the East Slovakian Basin. Its tectonic affiliation has not yet been clearly resolved, therefore, this either represents a continuation of the Western Carpathians crystalline basement units to the east or belongs to another tectonic unit. The Zemplinic metabasic rocks are represented by typical amphibolites, which are dark-coloured with strong to weakly foliated or lineated structures. The results of geothermobarometry and constructed phase diagrams indicate a P–T interval of an amphibolite facies with conditions of 610–730 °C at 0.58–0.76 GPa. Their critical mineral association Hbl + Pl + Cpx corresponds to the climax of the orogenic metamorphism of the Zemplinic crystalline basement. Based on their chemical composition, the protolith of metabasic rocks corresponds to two volcanic groups: the sub-alkali basalt (Nb/Y = 0.05–0.31) and the alkali basalt (Nb/Y = 0.90–1.85). The Nb N / Th N values (= 0.04–0.19) exhibit “arc” signatures for the sub-alkali metabasalts. The sub-alkali metabasalt group, which is shown in the incompatible element’s diagrams, indicates that it normalized to N-MORB and E-MORB and inclines to E-MORB basalts, with evidence of Zr–Hf, Ti, Y, and Nb depletion. On the other hand, the group of alkali metabasalts tends to be more transitional to the OIB basalts, with evidence of higher enrichment in LREE and MREE, as well as in Th, U, Nb, Zr, Ti, and Y. The Zemplinic metabasic rocks comprise a variety of enriched basalts, running from intra-oceanic towards within-plate or towards intra-oceanic- and island-arc field accord with the extensional supra-subduction regime of back-arc basins. From the point of view of tectonic development, we consider the Zemplinic Unit to be a continuation of the Inner Western Carpathians.","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42293109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.5
F. Teťák
: Sedimentary logging at outcrops remains a basic method of sediment description in the field. The area of sedimentological study in this work was the Slovak western part of the Magura Nappe, which is the largest tectonic unit of the Outer Western Carpathians. Sediments were deposited by gravity flows in the predominantly deep-sea environment of the foreland Magura Basin. The stratigraphic extent of the studied deposits is Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) to Oligocene/early Miocene. Up to 113 sedimentological logs have been documented in detail with a total thickness of 2022 m. Simplified logging and interpretation of the depositional environment was additionally developed for 15 of the most interesting logs. Sedimentation by debris-flows, turbidity currents, slides, and slumps in the environment of the distributary channel, levee, inter-channel, and basin plain was also interpreted. An important element of the study was the inclusion of paleocurrent directions in the analysis of logs. The purpose of the study was to record the most important outcrops in the region and thus preserve them and make them accessible to the greater public, as well as supplement the characteristics of lithostratigraphic units and knowledge on the sedimentary evolution of the Magura Basin.
{"title":"Facies analysis of gravity flow deposits of an ancient foreland basin (Magura Nappe, Western Carpathians, Slovakia)","authors":"F. Teťák","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.5","url":null,"abstract":": Sedimentary logging at outcrops remains a basic method of sediment description in the field. The area of sedimentological study in this work was the Slovak western part of the Magura Nappe, which is the largest tectonic unit of the Outer Western Carpathians. Sediments were deposited by gravity flows in the predominantly deep-sea environment of the foreland Magura Basin. The stratigraphic extent of the studied deposits is Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) to Oligocene/early Miocene. Up to 113 sedimentological logs have been documented in detail with a total thickness of 2022 m. Simplified logging and interpretation of the depositional environment was additionally developed for 15 of the most interesting logs. Sedimentation by debris-flows, turbidity currents, slides, and slumps in the environment of the distributary channel, levee, inter-channel, and basin plain was also interpreted. An important element of the study was the inclusion of paleocurrent directions in the analysis of logs. The purpose of the study was to record the most important outcrops in the region and thus preserve them and make them accessible to the greater public, as well as supplement the characteristics of lithostratigraphic units and knowledge on the sedimentary evolution of the Magura Basin.","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48393618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.4
M. Bubík, T. Elbra, J. Franců, Šimon Kdýr, P. Schnabl, L. Švábenická
. The Bystřice section, which was previously interpreted as the continuous Cretaceous–Paleogene transition, has been newly studied using biostratigraphy (planktonic foraminifers, calcareous nannofossils), magnetic properties, and geochemistry. Biostratigraphy has confirmed the presence of the upper Maastrichtian (UC20d TP nannozone; Abathomphalus mayaroensis foraminifer zone) and Selandian (NP5–NP7 nannozones; P3b–P4b foraminifer zones). Moreover, the Danian is completely absent. Strong remagnetisation of the rocks did not enable magnetostratigraphy of the section. The magnetic fabric indicates tectonic disturbance of the section. The studied strata consist predominantly of paraconglomerates, which are interpreted as slumps. The slumps contain pebbles and blocks of diverse exotic rocks, intraclasts, and reworked carbonate concretions enclosed within a marly matrix. A few thick paraconglomerate bodies are separated by bedded grey silty marls, sequences of medium-rhythmic sandstone turbidites, and conglomerate. Frequent slump folds indicate synsedimentary deformation. Submarine landslides are manifested by folded and thrusted sandstone beds, breccia of partly-lithified sandstones, and characteristic failure planes. In the lower part of the section, marls and paraconglomerates with Maastrichtian microfossils are interbedded with marls containing Selandian microfossils. It is most likely that the whole of the studied sequence was deposited during the Selandian, and that Maastrichtian marls and paraconglomerates represent submarine mass flows. The deposition took place on the basin slope in the bathyal zone. The geochemical proxy parameters indicate more reducing setting, higher input of terrestrial phytodetrite, as well as higher surface-water temperatures in the Maastrichtian, which is confirmed also by occurrences of low-latitude nanno - plankton. The Selandian sediments contain a higher share of aquatic organic matter. The pristane/phytane ratio indicates an oxygenated water column, and carbonate δ 13 C and δ 18 O isotopes point to lower surface-water temperatures.
{"title":"Post-Cretaceous–Paleogene slumping in the Subsilesian Unit of the Outer Western Carpathians: Biostratigraphic, sedimentary and magnetic records from the Bystřice section","authors":"M. Bubík, T. Elbra, J. Franců, Šimon Kdýr, P. Schnabl, L. Švábenická","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.4","url":null,"abstract":". The Bystřice section, which was previously interpreted as the continuous Cretaceous–Paleogene transition, has been newly studied using biostratigraphy (planktonic foraminifers, calcareous nannofossils), magnetic properties, and geochemistry. Biostratigraphy has confirmed the presence of the upper Maastrichtian (UC20d TP nannozone; Abathomphalus mayaroensis foraminifer zone) and Selandian (NP5–NP7 nannozones; P3b–P4b foraminifer zones). Moreover, the Danian is completely absent. Strong remagnetisation of the rocks did not enable magnetostratigraphy of the section. The magnetic fabric indicates tectonic disturbance of the section. The studied strata consist predominantly of paraconglomerates, which are interpreted as slumps. The slumps contain pebbles and blocks of diverse exotic rocks, intraclasts, and reworked carbonate concretions enclosed within a marly matrix. A few thick paraconglomerate bodies are separated by bedded grey silty marls, sequences of medium-rhythmic sandstone turbidites, and conglomerate. Frequent slump folds indicate synsedimentary deformation. Submarine landslides are manifested by folded and thrusted sandstone beds, breccia of partly-lithified sandstones, and characteristic failure planes. In the lower part of the section, marls and paraconglomerates with Maastrichtian microfossils are interbedded with marls containing Selandian microfossils. It is most likely that the whole of the studied sequence was deposited during the Selandian, and that Maastrichtian marls and paraconglomerates represent submarine mass flows. The deposition took place on the basin slope in the bathyal zone. The geochemical proxy parameters indicate more reducing setting, higher input of terrestrial phytodetrite, as well as higher surface-water temperatures in the Maastrichtian, which is confirmed also by occurrences of low-latitude nanno - plankton. The Selandian sediments contain a higher share of aquatic organic matter. The pristane/phytane ratio indicates an oxygenated water column, and carbonate δ 13 C and δ 18 O isotopes point to lower surface-water temperatures.","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42413436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.3
Matúš Chyžný, O. Kovalchuk, E. Świdnicka, Z. Barkaszi, A. Berezovsky, S. Dumitriu, Ionuț Grădianu, K. Stefaniak
: The fossil records of decapod crustaceans (Malacostraca) from Oligocene and Miocene fish beds (i.e
：渐新世和中新世渔场（即
{"title":"Revisiting brachyuran crabs (Malacostraca: Decapoda) from Oligocene and Miocene fish beds of Europe","authors":"Matúš Chyžný, O. Kovalchuk, E. Świdnicka, Z. Barkaszi, A. Berezovsky, S. Dumitriu, Ionuț Grădianu, K. Stefaniak","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.6.3","url":null,"abstract":": The fossil records of decapod crustaceans (Malacostraca) from Oligocene and Miocene fish beds (i.e","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48751082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.31577/geolcarp.73.5.2
D. Balen, P. Schneider, J. Opitz, H. Massonne
: Albite granite from Mt. Medvednica in northern Croatia is the only known surface appearance of granite in the complex Zagorje-Mid-Transdanubian zone. This granite contains almost pure albite (An 01 , ~50‒55 vol. %), quartz (~20‒25 vol. %), epidote (~1 vol. %), phengite (5‒12 vol. %), and secondary chlorite (~10‒15 vol. %) and calcite (~5 vol. %). Accessories are zircon, apatite, and ilmenite. The granite has a calc-alkaline geochemical signature with a metaluminous and high-Na character. CaO, MgO, and FeO contents are relatively low. Normalised contents of rare-earth elements (REE) show a relatively flat distribution of those that are heavy, suggesting a magma source in the lower continental crust. The modelled empirical relationship for average crustal thickness based on Sr/Y ratio and contents of REE indicates a 34 km thick continental crust. Zircon typology is characterised by the predominance of {100} prisms and {101} bipyramids. This typology, zircon chemistry, zircon saturation temperature (775 °C), and Ti-in-zircon temperature (mean 785 °C) also suggest a deep-seated magma source. Epidote and perhaps phengite crystallised at a pressure around 1.0 GPa from the melt according to thermodynamic modelling. Temperatures were 650 °C or more at this stage. A U–Pb concordia age of 242.9±4.0 Ma (2σ) was determined on zircon coinciding with the Middle Triassic peak of magmatic activity in the Dinarides, but also in the Southern Alps and Western Carpathians. The age is interpreted as marking the beginning of the fragmentation of continental lithosphere and the onset of rifting processes, which was followed by the broadening of the newly-formed Neotethys Ocean. constraints to the onset of the Mesozoic geodynamic evolution of a local branch of the Neotethys Ocean. The information on magma evolution and petrogenesis is provided by characteristics of the granite and critical minerals therein. We use new data on epidote chemistry and combine them with the zircon trace and isotopic chemistry to unravel and reconstruct the age, origin, and evolution of the acidic magma as a consequence of the onset of large-scale geodynamic processes.
{"title":"PRESSURE–TEMPERATURE–TIME CONSTRAINTS ON THE EVOLUTION OF EPIDOTE-BEARING ALBITE GRANITE FROM MT. MEDVEDNICA (CROATIA): FURTHER EVIDENCE OF THE MIDDLE TRIASSIC OPENING OF THE NEOTETHYS OCEAN","authors":"D. Balen, P. Schneider, J. Opitz, H. Massonne","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.5.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.5.2","url":null,"abstract":": Albite granite from Mt. Medvednica in northern Croatia is the only known surface appearance of granite in the complex Zagorje-Mid-Transdanubian zone. This granite contains almost pure albite (An 01 , ~50‒55 vol. %), quartz (~20‒25 vol. %), epidote (~1 vol. %), phengite (5‒12 vol. %), and secondary chlorite (~10‒15 vol. %) and calcite (~5 vol. %). Accessories are zircon, apatite, and ilmenite. The granite has a calc-alkaline geochemical signature with a metaluminous and high-Na character. CaO, MgO, and FeO contents are relatively low. Normalised contents of rare-earth elements (REE) show a relatively flat distribution of those that are heavy, suggesting a magma source in the lower continental crust. The modelled empirical relationship for average crustal thickness based on Sr/Y ratio and contents of REE indicates a 34 km thick continental crust. Zircon typology is characterised by the predominance of {100} prisms and {101} bipyramids. This typology, zircon chemistry, zircon saturation temperature (775 °C), and Ti-in-zircon temperature (mean 785 °C) also suggest a deep-seated magma source. Epidote and perhaps phengite crystallised at a pressure around 1.0 GPa from the melt according to thermodynamic modelling. Temperatures were 650 °C or more at this stage. A U–Pb concordia age of 242.9±4.0 Ma (2σ) was determined on zircon coinciding with the Middle Triassic peak of magmatic activity in the Dinarides, but also in the Southern Alps and Western Carpathians. The age is interpreted as marking the beginning of the fragmentation of continental lithosphere and the onset of rifting processes, which was followed by the broadening of the newly-formed Neotethys Ocean. constraints to the onset of the Mesozoic geodynamic evolution of a local branch of the Neotethys Ocean. The information on magma evolution and petrogenesis is provided by characteristics of the granite and critical minerals therein. We use new data on epidote chemistry and combine them with the zircon trace and isotopic chemistry to unravel and reconstruct the age, origin, and evolution of the acidic magma as a consequence of the onset of large-scale geodynamic processes.","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45629819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.31577/geolcarp.73.5.1
František Marko, Andrej Mojzeš, V. Gajdoš, Kamil Rozimant, M. Dyda, V. Bezák, Slavomír Daniel, I. Smetanová, Bibiana Brixová, I. Zvara, Erik Andrássy
{"title":"MULTI-METHOD FIELD DETECTION OF MAP-SCALE FAULTS AND THEIR PARAMETERS: CASE STUDY FROM THE VIKARTOVCE FAULT (WESTERN CARPATHIANS)","authors":"František Marko, Andrej Mojzeš, V. Gajdoš, Kamil Rozimant, M. Dyda, V. Bezák, Slavomír Daniel, I. Smetanová, Bibiana Brixová, I. Zvara, Erik Andrássy","doi":"10.31577/geolcarp.73.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geolcarp.73.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12545,"journal":{"name":"Geologica Carpathica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48496183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.31577/geolcarp.73.5.4
Dorota Staneczek, R. Szaniawski, J. Szczygieł
: The Chočské vrchy Mts. are a part of the Tatra–Fatra Belt located in the Central Western Carpathians (Slovakia). We characterize the main Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic deformation events and the changing strain that formed the geological setting of the Chočské vrchy Mts. by applying the Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility coupled with the Anisotropy of Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization and complemented by petromagnetic analyses. We analyse Lower Cretaceous marly limestones of the Mraznica Formation (Fm.), which is a part of the Krížna nappe, and the “post-thrusting” Eocene–Oligocene Huty Fm. Petromagnetic experiments reveal that paramagnetic minerals control the magnetic susceptibility, although a distinct contribution of ferromagnetics (magnetite, hematite and likely pyrrhotite) is also documented. The magnetic fabric in both the Mraznica and Huty fms. is generally sedimentary with minor tectonic imprint. The NNE–SSW orientation of the magnetic lineation in most of the Mraznica Fm. sites corresponds well with the local bedding strike as well as the calculated regional statistical fold axis for the Krížna nappe, but it deflects from the expected orientation considering the regional Cretaceous thrusting direction. Similarly oriented magnetic lineation is also documented in some Huty Fm. sites. Magnetic and structural results reveal the dip of the post-trusting Paleogene strata covering the Chočské vrchy Mts. horst block differs from both the dip of magnetic lineation and the dip of statistical fold axis from the Krížna nappe within this uplifted block, suggesting complex uplift-related deformations. We conclude that Krížna nappe folds together with AMS lineation, both formed during Late Cretaceous thrusting, have been later rotated by an angle of 20° as an effect of Neogene transpression, which also affected the magnetic fabric of the post-thrusting cover.
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Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.31577/geolcarp.73.5.5
F. Nassif, Federico M. Dávila, Ada Castellucio, G. Collo, A. Mora
: A novel approach that couples hydrological and thermochronological modelling is tested in a well-known hydrothermal system, the Inner Western Carpathians, providing insights of the yet-unexplained Apatite Fission Track (AFT) ages of the Podhale Basin. Our new model improves previous ones by incorporating the effects of fluid circulation, by considering compaction, smectite dehydration and meteoric water as sources of fluid. Rock properties such as thermal diffusivity, porosity and permeability, are dependent on lithology and the effective-stress state of the system, making our calculations depart from previous efforts on thermochronological modelling. Particularly, we examined young (around 12 Ma) apatite fission track ages from Oligocene strata of the Podhale wild flysch, which suggest the occurrence of either substantial burial or an elevated basal thermal paleogradient, even though none of the above have been documented in the area. Such problem is addressed on this contribution, since by reproducing previous numerical experiments but adding groundwater circulation this time, improved thermally-reset AFT ages of the Podhale Basin are obtained. Thermal, hydrological and mineralogical observations are successfully reproduced, putting forward the calibration and validity of the model here proposed. Furthermore, our findings not only unveil the linking between the hydrological and thermal phenomena present in the study region, but also, trigger new questions on the processes that should be taken into account when thermochronological calculations are concerned. comparison: with (fluid model or FM) and without (no fluid model or NFM) fluid flow, representing the former the model proposed by (Sanchez et al. 2021), and the latter the kine-matically-based models used to date. To couple hydrological and thermal calculations, a convective term to the diffusion– advection heat equation was added
一种结合水文和热年代学模型的新方法在一个著名的热液系统中进行了测试，内西部喀尔巴阡山脉，为Podhale盆地尚未解释的磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)年龄提供了见解。我们的新模型改进了以前的模型，考虑了流体循环的影响，考虑了压实、蒙脱石脱水和大气水作为流体的来源。岩石性质，如热扩散率、孔隙度和渗透率，取决于岩性和系统的有效应力状态，这使得我们的计算与以前的热年代学建模不同。特别是，我们检查了Podhale野生复理石渐新世地层中年轻(约12 Ma)磷灰石裂变径迹年龄，这表明存在大量埋藏或升高的基底热古梯度，尽管该地区没有上述记录。这一贡献解决了这一问题，因为通过复制以前的数值实验，但这次增加了地下水循环，得到了Podhale盆地的热重置AFT年龄的改进。通过对热、水文和矿物学观测资料的成功再现，验证了模型的定标性和有效性。此外，我们的发现不仅揭示了研究区域存在的水文和热现象之间的联系，而且还引发了有关热年代学计算时应考虑的过程的新问题。比较:有(流体模型或FM)和没有(没有流体模型或NFM)流体流动，代表前者是(Sanchez et al. 2021)提出的模型，后者是迄今为止使用的基于运动学的模型。为了将水文和热计算结合起来，在扩散-平流热方程中加入了对流项
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