Sarcopenia is an age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function that causes various health problems. In contrast, late-onset primary myopathies, which occur in the older population, are caused by a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, autoimmune processes, and metabolic abnormalities. Although sarcopenia and primary myopathy are two distinct disease processes, their symptoms can overlap, making differentiation challenging. The diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia have evolved over time, and various criteria have been proposed by expert groups. Late-onset primary muscle diseases such as inclusion body myositis, sporadic late-onset nemaline myopathy, muscular dystrophies, distal myopathies, myofibrillar myopathies, metabolic myopathies, and mitochondrial myopathies share common pathogenic mechanisms with sarcopenia, further complicating the diagnostic process. Appropriate clinical evaluation, including detailed history-taking, physical examination, and diagnostic testing, is essential for accurate diagnosis and management. Treatment approaches, including exercise, nutritional support, and disease-specific therapies, must be tailored to the characteristics of each disease. Despite these differences, sarcopenia and primary myopathies require careful consideration in the clinical setting for proper diagnosis and management. This review outlines the evolution of diagnostic criteria and diagnostic items for sarcopenia, late-onset primary myopathies that should be differentiated from sarcopenia, common pathomechanisms, and diagnostic algorithms to properly differentiate primary myopathies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1099–1110.
肌肉疏松症是一种与年龄有关的骨骼肌质量、力量和功能的丧失，会导致各种健康问题。相比之下，发生在老年人群中的晚发性原发性肌病由多种因素引起，包括基因突变、自身免疫过程和代谢异常。虽然肌肉疏松症和原发性肌病是两种不同的疾病过程，但它们的症状可能会重叠，因此很难区分。随着时间的推移，肌肉疏松症的诊断标准也在不断演变，专家组提出了各种不同的标准。晚发性原发性肌肉疾病，如包涵体肌炎、散发性晚发性神经性肌病、肌肉营养不良症、远端肌病、肌纤维肌病、代谢性肌病和线粒体肌病与肌少症有着共同的致病机制，使诊断过程更加复杂。适当的临床评估，包括详细的病史采集、体格检查和诊断测试，对于准确诊断和治疗至关重要。治疗方法，包括运动、营养支持和特定疾病疗法，都必须针对每种疾病的特点。尽管存在这些差异，肌少症和原发性肌病仍需要在临床环境中仔细考虑，以进行正确的诊断和管理。本综述概述了肌肉疏松症诊断标准和诊断项目的演变、应与肌肉疏松症区分开来的晚发性原发性肌病、常见的病理机制以及正确区分原发性肌病的诊断算法。Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; --：-----.
{"title":"Late-onset primary muscle diseases mimicking sarcopenia","authors":"Satoshi Yamashita","doi":"10.1111/ggi.15000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ggi.15000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sarcopenia is an age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function that causes various health problems. In contrast, late-onset primary myopathies, which occur in the older population, are caused by a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, autoimmune processes, and metabolic abnormalities. Although sarcopenia and primary myopathy are two distinct disease processes, their symptoms can overlap, making differentiation challenging. The diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia have evolved over time, and various criteria have been proposed by expert groups. Late-onset primary muscle diseases such as inclusion body myositis, sporadic late-onset nemaline myopathy, muscular dystrophies, distal myopathies, myofibrillar myopathies, metabolic myopathies, and mitochondrial myopathies share common pathogenic mechanisms with sarcopenia, further complicating the diagnostic process. Appropriate clinical evaluation, including detailed history-taking, physical examination, and diagnostic testing, is essential for accurate diagnosis and management. Treatment approaches, including exercise, nutritional support, and disease-specific therapies, must be tailored to the characteristics of each disease. Despite these differences, sarcopenia and primary myopathies require careful consideration in the clinical setting for proper diagnosis and management. This review outlines the evolution of diagnostic criteria and diagnostic items for sarcopenia, late-onset primary myopathies that should be differentiated from sarcopenia, common pathomechanisms, and diagnostic algorithms to properly differentiate primary myopathies. <b>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1099–1110</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142462643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Driving cessation is strongly associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults. Although numerous studies have focused on driving skill interventions for safe driving, the effects of interventions on car accidents remain unclear. We designed a randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of driving skill training on the prevention of car accidents among community-dwelling older adults using on-road training.
Methods
A total of 1408 community-dwelling older drivers aged ≥65 years participated in the randomized controlled trial with blinded endpoint assessment. Participants randomized to the intervention group (n = 697) underwent four sessions, with 200 min re-training focused on the problem of driving in the older people. Controls (n = 697) received one classroom education session. On-road driving performance was assessed by certified driving school instructors in a driving school. The primary endpoint is an incident car accident, which will be detected based on the Japanese national car accident report data, after 24 months.
Discussion
This study has the potential to provide the first evidence of the effectiveness of on-road driving skill training regarding the prevention of car accidents. If our trial results show a lower number of car accidents due to driving skill training, this kind of intervention will provide an effective method for maintaining safe driving. These results will be disseminated to the appropriate national transportation agencies to improve or modify safe driving policies and possibly extend the validity of driver's licenses for older adults.
Trial Registration
UMIN-CTR (identification number: UMIN000034709). Registered 31 October 2018. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1218–1222.
{"title":"Study protocol of the safe driving program for the prevention of car accidents: A randomized controlled trial protocol","authors":"Hiroyuki Shimada, Hideaki Ishii, Takehiko Doi, Kota Tsutsumimoto, Sho Nakakubo, Satoshi Kurita, Hidenori Arai","doi":"10.1111/ggi.14989","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ggi.14989","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Driving cessation is strongly associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults. Although numerous studies have focused on driving skill interventions for safe driving, the effects of interventions on car accidents remain unclear. We designed a randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of driving skill training on the prevention of car accidents among community-dwelling older adults using on-road training.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1408 community-dwelling older drivers aged ≥65 years participated in the randomized controlled trial with blinded endpoint assessment. Participants randomized to the intervention group (<i>n</i> = 697) underwent four sessions, with 200 min re-training focused on the problem of driving in the older people. Controls (<i>n</i> = 697) received one classroom education session. On-road driving performance was assessed by certified driving school instructors in a driving school. The primary endpoint is an incident car accident, which will be detected based on the Japanese national car accident report data, after 24 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study has the potential to provide the first evidence of the effectiveness of on-road driving skill training regarding the prevention of car accidents. If our trial results show a lower number of car accidents due to driving skill training, this kind of intervention will provide an effective method for maintaining safe driving. These results will be disseminated to the appropriate national transportation agencies to improve or modify safe driving policies and possibly extend the validity of driver's licenses for older adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>UMIN-CTR (identification number: UMIN000034709). Registered 31 October 2018. <b>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1218–1222</b>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142462646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suguru Shimokihara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Walter R Boot, Yuma Nagata, Shunsuke Nakai, Masahiro Tenjin, Takayuki Tabira
Aim
In response to the growing popularity of mobile devices among older adults in Japan, this study aimed to establish a reliable and valid measure of mobile device proficiency by developing a Japanese version of the Mobile Device Proficiency Questionnaire (MDPQ-J) for the Japanese population.
Methods
To evaluate the reliability and validity of the MDPQ-J, we administered the questionnaire to 100 young or middle-aged participants (37.78 ± 13.90 years, 57.00% women), and 62 older participants (75.90 ± 6.01 years; 59.68% women).
Results
The MDPQ-J showed a high degree of internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.98). Moreover, MDPQ-J scores in older participants tended to be lower than those in young or middle-aged participants. In terms of validity, the MDPQ-J score of older participants was significantly associated with age (ρ = −0.31), the amount of time using a mobile device per day (ρ = 0.64), and the system usability scale (ρ = 0.39). Additionally, the MDPQ-J scores were significantly positively associated with the importance (ρ = 0.37), performance (ρ = 0.57), and satisfaction (ρ = 0.29) associated with daily mobile device use in older participants.
Conclusions
The high reliability and validity of the MDPQ-J in the Japanese population highlight its utility in adapting mobile devices for older adults, which is crucial in an increasingly digital society. Further research should explore the mediating role of mobile device proficiency in various health-related outcomes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1223–1232.
{"title":"Development of the Japanese version of the Mobile Device Proficiency Questionnaire: A cross-sectional validation study","authors":"Suguru Shimokihara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Walter R Boot, Yuma Nagata, Shunsuke Nakai, Masahiro Tenjin, Takayuki Tabira","doi":"10.1111/ggi.14994","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ggi.14994","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In response to the growing popularity of mobile devices among older adults in Japan, this study aimed to establish a reliable and valid measure of mobile device proficiency by developing a Japanese version of the Mobile Device Proficiency Questionnaire (MDPQ-J) for the Japanese population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the reliability and validity of the MDPQ-J, we administered the questionnaire to 100 young or middle-aged participants (37.78 ± 13.90 years, 57.00% women), and 62 older participants (75.90 ± 6.01 years; 59.68% women).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The MDPQ-J showed a high degree of internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.98). Moreover, MDPQ-J scores in older participants tended to be lower than those in young or middle-aged participants. In terms of validity, the MDPQ-J score of older participants was significantly associated with age (ρ = −0.31), the amount of time using a mobile device per day (ρ = 0.64), and the system usability scale (ρ = 0.39). Additionally, the MDPQ-J scores were significantly positively associated with the importance (ρ = 0.37), performance (ρ = 0.57), and satisfaction (ρ = 0.29) associated with daily mobile device use in older participants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The high reliability and validity of the MDPQ-J in the Japanese population highlight its utility in adapting mobile devices for older adults, which is crucial in an increasingly digital society. Further research should explore the mediating role of mobile device proficiency in various health-related outcomes. <b>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1223–1232</b>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ggi.14994","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding the characteristics of falls among older adults is necessary to prevent them. These characteristics include questions such as when (month and time), where (places), who (age), what (injury), why (trigger), and how (direction) the falls occur. The objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of falls in individuals aged 65–74 years (young-old), 75–84 years (old-old), and ≥85 years (oldest-old).
Methods
We conducted an observational mail survey among community-dwelling older adults in Japan and collected detailed information on the incidence of falls over the past 3 years. The month, time, location, trigger, direction, and resulting trauma of each fall were analyzed and compared across the different age groups (young-old, old-old, and oldest-old).
Results
A total of 1695 falls among 1074 community-dwelling older adults were analyzed in this study. Falls were frequent during May and October as well as during the winter season from December to February, especially between 10:00 a.m. and 11:00 a.m. These fall characteristics were consistent across all the age groups. There was a higher incidence of outdoor falls among relatively young older adults, which were typically caused by tripping or slipping. However, as one progresses with age, there is a higher incidence of falls indoors, typically due to loss of balance or leg entrapment. Approximately 60% of older fallers experience some form of injury due to falls, with fractures considered the most serious, occurring in ≈10% of all falls.
Conclusion
We clarified the characteristics of falls including the “when, where, who, what, why, and how” of the fall. A future challenge is to use this valuable information to develop effective fall prevention programs for older populations worldwide. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1181–1188.
{"title":"Characteristics of falls in Japanese community-dwelling older adults","authors":"Minoru Yamada, Yusuke Terao, Iwao Kojima, Shu Tanaka, Hiroki Saegusa, Miho Nanbu, Shiho Soma, Hiroki Matsumoto, Masaya Saito, Kohei Okawa, Naoto Haga, Hidenori Arai","doi":"10.1111/ggi.14995","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ggi.14995","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the characteristics of falls among older adults is necessary to prevent them. These characteristics include questions such as when (month and time), where (places), who (age), what (injury), why (trigger), and how (direction) the falls occur. The objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of falls in individuals aged 65–74 years (young-old), 75–84 years (old-old), and ≥85 years (oldest-old).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted an observational mail survey among community-dwelling older adults in Japan and collected detailed information on the incidence of falls over the past 3 years. The month, time, location, trigger, direction, and resulting trauma of each fall were analyzed and compared across the different age groups (young-old, old-old, and oldest-old).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1695 falls among 1074 community-dwelling older adults were analyzed in this study. Falls were frequent during May and October as well as during the winter season from December to February, especially between 10:00 a.m. and 11:00 a.m. These fall characteristics were consistent across all the age groups. There was a higher incidence of outdoor falls among relatively young older adults, which were typically caused by tripping or slipping. However, as one progresses with age, there is a higher incidence of falls indoors, typically due to loss of balance or leg entrapment. Approximately 60% of older fallers experience some form of injury due to falls, with fractures considered the most serious, occurring in ≈10% of all falls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We clarified the characteristics of falls including the “when, where, who, what, why, and how” of the fall. A future challenge is to use this valuable information to develop effective fall prevention programs for older populations worldwide. <b>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1181–1188</b>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandra Cuerpo, Sira Aguiló, Aitor Alquézar-Arbé, Cesáreo Fernández, Guillermo Burillo, Javier Jacob, Francisco Javier Montero-Pérez, Eric Jorge García-Lamberechts, Pascual Piñera, Beatriz Escudero Blázquez, Cristina Güemes de la Iglesia, Sílvia Flores Quesada, Aarati Vaswani-Bulchand, Montserrat Rodríguez-Cabrera, Paula Lázaro Aragüés, María Luisa Pérez Díaz-Guerra, Francesc Xavier Alemany González, Ana Puche Alcaraz, Jésica Mansilla Collado, Gema Jara Torres, Lidia Fuentes, Rocío Muñoz Martos, Antonio Real López, Rodrigo Javier Gil Hernández, Jorge Pedraza García, Esperanza Muñoz Trian, Juan González del Castillo, Òscar Miró, the members of the SIESTA network
Aim
To investigate if tachypneic response to hypoxia is decreased in older patients.
Methods
We included all patients ≥65 years of age attending 52 Spanish emergency departments (EDs) for whom peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SatO2) measured by pulsioxymetry and respiratory rate (RR) were registered at ED arrival. We assessed the relationship between SatO2 and RR in different models, and with the best-fitting model, we independently analyzed this relationship in four subgroups according to patient age (65–69, 70–79, 80–89, and ≥90 years). Five sensitivity analyses using different subsets of patients were carried out to check for the consistency of the results.
Results
We included 7126 patients, with medians for SatO2 and RR of 97% (interquartile range [IQR]: 94–98) and 15 bpm (IQR: 15–16), respectively. We found significant associations (P < 0.001) between SatO2 and RR in every model tested (P < 0.001 for all), with the quadratic model obtaining the best fit (R2: 0.098) over those obtained with linear (R2: 0.096) and logarithmic (R2: 0.092) models. The same was observed in sensitivity analyses, with R2 for quadratic models ranging from 0.069 in patients with low comorbidity and 0.102 in patients breathing room air. The mean RR for 100% SatO2 was 15 bpm and increased as SatO2 decreased, although with a progressive slowing of the slope, with a mean RR of 27 at 50% SatO2. We detected a decreased RR response to increasing hypoxemia according to age and, while the RR curve was higher and with a progressively steepening slope in the 972 patients aged 65–69 (mean RR of 42 bpm with 50% SatO2), a progressive slowing of slope was observed in the 2693 patients aged 70–79 (mean RR of 28 with 50% SatO2), the 2582 aged 80–89 (mean RR of 25) and the 879 aged ≥90 (mean RR of 23). Sensitivity analyses provided very similar results.
Conclusion
Tachypneic response to hypoxemia in older patients decreases as age advances, regardless of the reason leading to hypoxemia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1120–1129.
{"title":"Tachypnea in response to hypoxemia decreases with age in older patients","authors":"Sandra Cuerpo, Sira Aguiló, Aitor Alquézar-Arbé, Cesáreo Fernández, Guillermo Burillo, Javier Jacob, Francisco Javier Montero-Pérez, Eric Jorge García-Lamberechts, Pascual Piñera, Beatriz Escudero Blázquez, Cristina Güemes de la Iglesia, Sílvia Flores Quesada, Aarati Vaswani-Bulchand, Montserrat Rodríguez-Cabrera, Paula Lázaro Aragüés, María Luisa Pérez Díaz-Guerra, Francesc Xavier Alemany González, Ana Puche Alcaraz, Jésica Mansilla Collado, Gema Jara Torres, Lidia Fuentes, Rocío Muñoz Martos, Antonio Real López, Rodrigo Javier Gil Hernández, Jorge Pedraza García, Esperanza Muñoz Trian, Juan González del Castillo, Òscar Miró, the members of the SIESTA network","doi":"10.1111/ggi.14965","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ggi.14965","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate if tachypneic response to hypoxia is decreased in older patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included all patients ≥65 years of age attending 52 Spanish emergency departments (EDs) for whom peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SatO<sub>2</sub>) measured by pulsioxymetry and respiratory rate (RR) were registered at ED arrival. We assessed the relationship between SatO2 and RR in different models, and with the best-fitting model, we independently analyzed this relationship in four subgroups according to patient age (65–69, 70–79, 80–89, and ≥90 years). Five sensitivity analyses using different subsets of patients were carried out to check for the consistency of the results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 7126 patients, with medians for SatO<sub>2</sub> and RR of 97% (interquartile range [IQR]: 94–98) and 15 bpm (IQR: 15–16), respectively. We found significant associations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) between SatO<sub>2</sub> and RR in every model tested (<i>P</i> < 0.001 for all), with the quadratic model obtaining the best fit (R<sup>2</sup>: 0.098) over those obtained with linear (R<sup>2</sup>: 0.096) and logarithmic (R<sup>2</sup>: 0.092) models. The same was observed in sensitivity analyses, with R<sup>2</sup> for quadratic models ranging from 0.069 in patients with low comorbidity and 0.102 in patients breathing room air. The mean RR for 100% SatO<sub>2</sub> was 15 bpm and increased as SatO<sub>2</sub> decreased, although with a progressive slowing of the slope, with a mean RR of 27 at 50% SatO<sub>2</sub>. We detected a decreased RR response to increasing hypoxemia according to age and, while the RR curve was higher and with a progressively steepening slope in the 972 patients aged 65–69 (mean RR of 42 bpm with 50% SatO<sub>2</sub>), a progressive slowing of slope was observed in the 2693 patients aged 70–79 (mean RR of 28 with 50% SatO2), the 2582 aged 80–89 (mean RR of 25) and the 879 aged ≥90 (mean RR of 23). Sensitivity analyses provided very similar results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tachypneic response to hypoxemia in older patients decreases as age advances, regardless of the reason leading to hypoxemia. <b>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1120–1129</b>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of oral frailty was first proposed in Japan in 2014 by the “Joint Working Committee on Oral Frailty,” consisting of three academic societies—the Japan Geriatrics Society, the Japanese Society of Gerodontology, and the Japanese Association on Sarcopenia and Frailty—to enhance public understanding of oral frailty. Oral frailty is a state between robust oral function (a “healthy mouth”) and its decline, characterized by slight declines in oral function, including tooth loss and difficulties in eating and communicating, which increase the risk of impaired oral functional capacity but can be reversed with proper intervention and treatment. Oral frailty can be assessed using the Oral Frailty 5-item Checklist (OF-5) without the need for a dental health professional. Oral frailty is defined as having at least two of the following components: (i) fewer teeth, (ii) difficulty chewing, (iii) difficulty swallowing, (iv) dry mouth, and (v) low articulatory oral motor skills. Approximately 40% of community-dwelling older adults have oral frailty. Oral frailty is associated with poor dietary variety, social isolation, physical frailty, disability, and mortality. This statement introduces the concept and definition of oral frailty, a new assessment tool (OF-5), and concept diagrams for healthcare professionals and the general public. These tools aim to promote public awareness and facilitate collaboration between medical and dental healthcare providers. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1111–1119.
2014年，日本首次提出了口腔虚弱的概念，该概念是由日本老年医学会、日本老年牙科学会和日本肥胖症与虚弱协会三个学术团体组成的 "口腔虚弱联合工作委员会 "提出的，旨在提高公众对口腔虚弱的认识。口腔虚弱是介于口腔功能健全（"健康的口腔"）和衰退之间的一种状态，其特点是口腔功能轻微衰退，包括牙齿脱落以及进食和交流困难，这增加了口腔功能受损的风险，但通过适当的干预和治疗是可以逆转的。口腔功能虚弱可使用口腔功能虚弱五项检查表（OF-5）进行评估，无需牙科保健专业人员。口腔虚弱的定义是至少具有以下两个组成部分：(i)牙齿较少，(ii)咀嚼困难，(iii)吞咽困难，(iv)口干，(v)口腔运动发音能力低下。在社区居住的老年人中，约有 40% 存在口腔虚弱问题。口腔虚弱与饮食不多样化、社会隔离、身体虚弱、残疾和死亡有关。本声明介绍了口腔虚弱的概念和定义、一种新的评估工具（OF-5）以及供医疗保健专业人员和公众使用的概念图。这些工具旨在提高公众意识，促进医疗和牙科保健提供者之间的合作。Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; --：-----.
{"title":"Consensus statement on “Oral frailty” from the Japan Geriatrics Society, the Japanese Society of Gerodontology, and the Japanese Association on Sarcopenia and Frailty","authors":"Tomoki Tanaka, Hirohiko Hirano, Kazunori Ikebe, Takayuki Ueda, Masanori Iwasaki, Shunsuke Minakuchi, Hidenori Arai, Masahiro Akishita, Koichi Kozaki, Katsuya Iijima","doi":"10.1111/ggi.14980","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ggi.14980","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The concept of oral frailty was first proposed in Japan in 2014 by the “Joint Working Committee on Oral Frailty,” consisting of three academic societies—the Japan Geriatrics Society, the Japanese Society of Gerodontology, and the Japanese Association on Sarcopenia and Frailty—to enhance public understanding of oral frailty. Oral frailty is a state between robust oral function (a “healthy mouth”) and its decline, characterized by slight declines in oral function, including tooth loss and difficulties in eating and communicating, which increase the risk of impaired oral functional capacity but can be reversed with proper intervention and treatment. Oral frailty can be assessed using the Oral Frailty 5-item Checklist (OF-5) without the need for a dental health professional. Oral frailty is defined as having at least two of the following components: (i) fewer teeth, (ii) difficulty chewing, (iii) difficulty swallowing, (iv) dry mouth, and (v) low articulatory oral motor skills. Approximately 40% of community-dwelling older adults have oral frailty. Oral frailty is associated with poor dietary variety, social isolation, physical frailty, disability, and mortality. This statement introduces the concept and definition of oral frailty, a new assessment tool (OF-5), and concept diagrams for healthcare professionals and the general public. These tools aim to promote public awareness and facilitate collaboration between medical and dental healthcare providers. <b>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1111–1119</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ggi.14980","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous studies have shown that chronic diseases are strongly linked to the development of sarcopenia. Few studies have assessed the relationship between multimorbidity patterns and sarcopenia. This study aimed to investigate the impact of multimorbidity patterns on sarcopenia transitions in Chinese older adults.
Methods
A total of 3842 older adults (aged 66.7 ± 6.2 years) with complete data at baseline and at least one follow-up record (2 years) were included from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Multimorbidity patterns were identified using latent class analysis. Sarcopenia was determined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Multistage Markov modeling was used to explore the association of multimorbidity patterns with sarcopenia transitions after controlling for covariates in demographic features, health status and health-related behaviours.
Results
Four multimorbidity patterns were identified at baseline: respiratory (17.73%), osteoarthritis-hypertension (22.23%), digestive-osteoarthritis (26.78) and cardiometabolic (33.27%). Participants with non-sarcopenia had 1-year transition probability of developing possible sarcopenia (10.1%) or sarcopenia (5.4%). Compared with the group without chronic diseases, the presence of cardiometabolic pattern increased the risk of progression from non-sarcopenia to possible sarcopenia (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.05–2.95). The presence of the osteoarthritis-hypertension pattern (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.00–2.41) and the digestive-osteoarthritis pattern (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.20–2.66) were associated with the transition toward sarcopenia from non-sarcopenia.
Conclusions
Sarcopenia is a dynamic condition in older adults. To address sarcopenia in older adults, tailored interventions should be targeted at populations with different multimorbidity patterns. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1137–1143.
目的：以往的研究表明，慢性疾病与肌肉疏松症的发生密切相关。但很少有研究评估多病模式与肌肉疏松症之间的关系。本研究旨在探讨多病模式对中国老年人肌肉疏松症转变的影响：中国健康与退休纵向研究共纳入了 3842 名基线数据完整且至少有一次随访记录（2 年）的老年人（年龄为 66.7 ± 6.2 岁）。通过潜类分析确定了多病模式。根据亚洲肌少症工作组2019年标准确定肌少症。在控制了人口特征、健康状况和健康相关行为等协变量后，采用多阶段马尔可夫模型探讨多病模式与肌肉疏松症转变之间的关联：基线确定了四种多病模式：呼吸系统（17.73%）、骨关节炎-高血压（22.23%）、消化系统-骨关节炎（26.78%）和心脏代谢（33.27%）。患有非肌肉疏松症的受试者在 1 年过渡期内可能患上肌肉疏松症（10.1%）或肌肉疏松症（5.4%）。与没有慢性疾病的组别相比，存在心脏代谢模式会增加从非肌肉疏松症发展为可能的肌肉疏松症的风险（HR 1.43，95% CI 1.05-2.95）。骨关节炎-高血压模式（HR 1.55，95% CI 1.00-2.41）和消化系统-骨关节炎模式（HR 1.78，95% CI 1.20-2.66）与非肌肉疏松症向肌肉疏松症转变有关：结论：肌肉疏松症是老年人的一种动态症状。结论：肌肉疏松症是老年人的一种动态症状，要解决老年人的肌肉疏松症问题，应针对不同的多病模式人群采取有针对性的干预措施。Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; --：-----.
{"title":"Associations between multimorbidity patterns and sarcopenia transitions in Chinese older adults","authors":"Lingxiao He, Shujing Lin, Jinzhu Yang, Ya Fang","doi":"10.1111/ggi.14984","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ggi.14984","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous studies have shown that chronic diseases are strongly linked to the development of sarcopenia. Few studies have assessed the relationship between multimorbidity patterns and sarcopenia. This study aimed to investigate the impact of multimorbidity patterns on sarcopenia transitions in Chinese older adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 3842 older adults (aged 66.7 ± 6.2 years) with complete data at baseline and at least one follow-up record (2 years) were included from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Multimorbidity patterns were identified using latent class analysis. Sarcopenia was determined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Multistage Markov modeling was used to explore the association of multimorbidity patterns with sarcopenia transitions after controlling for covariates in demographic features, health status and health-related behaviours.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four multimorbidity patterns were identified at baseline: respiratory (17.73%), osteoarthritis-hypertension (22.23%), digestive-osteoarthritis (26.78) and cardiometabolic (33.27%). Participants with non-sarcopenia had 1-year transition probability of developing possible sarcopenia (10.1%) or sarcopenia (5.4%). Compared with the group without chronic diseases, the presence of cardiometabolic pattern increased the risk of progression from non-sarcopenia to possible sarcopenia (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.05–2.95). The presence of the osteoarthritis-hypertension pattern (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.00–2.41) and the digestive-osteoarthritis pattern (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.20–2.66) were associated with the transition toward sarcopenia from non-sarcopenia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia is a dynamic condition in older adults. To address sarcopenia in older adults, tailored interventions should be targeted at populations with different multimorbidity patterns. <b>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1137–1143</b>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to determine whether practicing coordination exercises, compared with other physical exercise types, is associated with better cognitive function in older Japanese adults.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from a health checkup project carried out from 2015 to 2019 among older adults living in Kasama City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Data from 569 participants (mean age 74.0 ± 5.4 years, 53.8% women) were analyzed. The types of physical exercise practiced within the seven preceding days were identified. The Five-Cog test and Trail Making Test were used to evaluate general cognitive function and executive function, respectively. The cognitive functions of practitioners and non-practitioners of each type of physical exercise – coordination, endurance, resistance, and stretching – were examined using an analysis of covariance.
Results
Although practitioners of any physical exercise did not have significantly better cognitive function than non-practitioners, in an analysis stratified by exercise amount, those who practiced more coordination exercise had better general cognitive function than non-practitioners (P = 0.046), in a fully adjusted model.
Conclusion
Those who practiced more coordination exercises had better general cognitive function. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1173–1180.
{"title":"Cross-sectional study of the optimal types of physical exercise for cognitive function in older Japanese adults","authors":"Koki Nagata, Kyohei Shibuya, Yuya Fujii, Jaehoon Seol, Takashi Jindo, Tomohiro Okura","doi":"10.1111/ggi.14991","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ggi.14991","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to determine whether practicing coordination exercises, compared with other physical exercise types, is associated with better cognitive function in older Japanese adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study used data from a health checkup project carried out from 2015 to 2019 among older adults living in Kasama City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Data from 569 participants (mean age 74.0 ± 5.4 years, 53.8% women) were analyzed. The types of physical exercise practiced within the seven preceding days were identified. The Five-Cog test and Trail Making Test were used to evaluate general cognitive function and executive function, respectively. The cognitive functions of practitioners and non-practitioners of each type of physical exercise – coordination, endurance, resistance, and stretching – were examined using an analysis of covariance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although practitioners of any physical exercise did not have significantly better cognitive function than non-practitioners, in an analysis stratified by exercise amount, those who practiced more coordination exercise had better general cognitive function than non-practitioners (<i>P</i> = 0.046), in a fully adjusted model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Those who practiced more coordination exercises had better general cognitive function. <b>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1173–1180</b>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the association of physical activity (PA) levels with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risks stratified by adiposity and age.
Methods
Participants (36 703; mean age: 49.1; 57.1% women) were selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2013. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the association between PA and mortality across different adiposity categories and ages.
Results
Median follow-up was 9.22 years; 2393 individuals died, including 538 with CVD. Compared with normal-weight controls, underweight individuals had increased all-cause mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33–1.79). The overweight and obese groups demonstrated reduced mortality risks (HRs: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.67–0.84] and 0.59 [95% CI: 0.51–0.67], respectively). Mortality risk based on abdominal obesity had an HR of 1.22 (95% CI: 1.08–1.37). PA protected against mortality risk most in the obese group performing more than 1000 MET-min/week and was particularly significant among those who were underweight and obese aged 65 and older.
Conclusions
Overweight and obese Asian individuals (based on body mass index) had a lower mortality risk than those with normal body mass index, whereas obesity based on waist circumference was associated with increased mortality. PA protected against mortality across various weight categories, especially in individuals aged ≥65. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1156–1164.
{"title":"Association between physical activity levels and mortality across adiposity: A longitudinal study of age-specific Asian populations","authors":"Yunmin Han, Younghwan Choi, Yeon Soo Kim","doi":"10.1111/ggi.14987","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ggi.14987","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the association of physical activity (PA) levels with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risks stratified by adiposity and age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants (36 703; mean age: 49.1; 57.1% women) were selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2013. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the association between PA and mortality across different adiposity categories and ages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Median follow-up was 9.22 years; 2393 individuals died, including 538 with CVD. Compared with normal-weight controls, underweight individuals had increased all-cause mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33–1.79). The overweight and obese groups demonstrated reduced mortality risks (HRs: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.67–0.84] and 0.59 [95% CI: 0.51–0.67], respectively). Mortality risk based on abdominal obesity had an HR of 1.22 (95% CI: 1.08–1.37). PA protected against mortality risk most in the obese group performing more than 1000 MET-min/week and was particularly significant among those who were underweight and obese aged 65 and older.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overweight and obese Asian individuals (based on body mass index) had a lower mortality risk than those with normal body mass index, whereas obesity based on waist circumference was associated with increased mortality. PA protected against mortality across various weight categories, especially in individuals aged ≥65. <b>Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1156–1164</b>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12546,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics & Gerontology International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ggi.14987","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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