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“Can a wild stream and a girl be one and the same?”: An Ecofeminist Reading of Select Short Stories from Nandini Sahu’s Shedding the Metaphors “一条狂野的小溪和一个女孩能是同一个人吗?”——南迪尼·萨胡短篇小说集《摆脱隐喻》的生态女性主义解读
Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2023.2.02.284
Nitika Gulati
This paper attempts an ecofeminist reading of select short stories from Nandini Sahu’s Shedding the Metaphors (2023). The stories explore the complexities of human emotions, relationships, and experiences and are diverse in their themes of love, loss and self-discovery, where the personal frequently intersects with the political. They contain imagery and symbolism from the natural world to provide the setting and allegorize the distinct experience of being a woman in a patriarchal world and assert the interconnectedness of all beings. Most of the stories have female protagonists whose journey can be traced to draw attention to patriarchy’s exploitation of women as well as nature. In some of them, gender intersects with issues like sexuality and class to demonstrate how systems of oppression mutually reinforce each other. While connecting feminism with ecology, ecofeminism contends that women's oppression and ecological degradation are outcomes of patriarchy and capitalism. However, ecofeminism is not restricted to connections between nature and women, but it is about the relationality and interconnectedness of all beings, hence arguing against all systems of domination. human beings. This paper will attempt an ecofeminist reading of select short stories from Sahu’s collection. Close textual analysis will expose the underlying oppression of women and the environment and how they are intertwined. Such a reading will be geared towards making a call for dismantling all hierarchies and fostering universal sympathy for all beings, human or non-human.
本文试图从生态女性主义的角度解读南迪尼·萨胡的短篇小说《摆脱隐喻》(2023)。这些故事探讨了人类情感、人际关系和经历的复杂性,在爱、失去和自我发现的主题上各不相同,其中个人经常与政治交叉。它们包含了来自自然世界的意象和象征,为女性在父权世界中的独特经历提供了背景和寓言,并强调了所有生物的相互联系。大多数故事都有女性主人公,她们的旅程可以追溯到父权制对女性和自然的剥削。在其中一些作品中,性别与性和阶级等问题交织在一起,展示了压迫制度是如何相互强化的。生态女性主义将女性主义与生态联系起来,认为女性受压迫和生态退化是父权制和资本主义的结果。然而,生态女性主义并不局限于自然与女性之间的联系,而是关于所有生物的关系和相互联系,因此反对所有的统治制度。人类。本文将尝试从生态女性主义的角度解读萨胡的短篇小说集。仔细的文本分析将揭示女性和环境的潜在压迫,以及它们是如何交织在一起的。这样的解读将旨在呼吁废除所有等级制度,培养对所有生物的普遍同情,无论是人类还是非人类。
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引用次数: 0
A Migrant Experience of Gulf Malayalees in Deepak Unnikrishnan’s Temporary People 海湾马来亚人在Deepak Unnikrishnan临时人民中的移民经历
Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2023.2.02.285
Sameerah Fathima
Abu Dhabi-based writer Unnikrishnan, originally from Kerala, explores the precarity and transience of migrant groups in his Gulf immigrant tales. Research was done to determine the issues that Indian migrant workers encounter in the Gulf states. In 2015, the UAE surpassed Saudi Arabia as India's most important Gulf destination market. C. (Chanda & Gupta) Although laws and programs have prioritized and safeguarded the well-being of Indian migrants, they are not limited to this group and are available to Gulf migrants as well. The sponsorship system, also known as Nizam al Kafala, governs and keeps tabs on the dynamic between migrants and their employers. The kafeel, or sponsor, is legally responsible for the worker in this kind of international contract migration. Humanitarian concerns inspired an initial trial of the system, which had a tight coupling of the work permit and the resident permit. The Kafala has eased several restrictions on foreign employees, including the need that they get exit visas from the Kafeel. The stories and experiences of Gulf Malayalee migrants were the focus of ethnographic and literary research into the lives of Arab Gulf migrants. However, the use of fiction to better comprehend migrant experiences is a relatively uncharted territory in the field of migration studies. This essay uses Deepak Unnikrishnan's Temporary People to examine the plight of emigrant Gulf Malayalees.
来自喀拉拉邦的作家Unnikrishnan在他的海湾移民故事中探索了移民群体的不稳定性和短暂性。研究是为了确定印度移民工人在海湾国家遇到的问题。2015年,阿联酋超过沙特阿拉伯,成为印度最重要的海湾目的地市场。尽管法律和项目优先考虑并保障了印度移民的福祉,但它们并不局限于这个群体,也适用于海湾移民。赞助制度,也被称为Nizam al Kafala,管理并密切关注移民与其雇主之间的动态。在这种国际合同移民中,雇主或担保人对工人负有法律责任。出于人道主义考虑,对该系统进行了初步试验,该系统将工作许可和居住许可紧密结合在一起。卡法拉已经放松了对外国雇员的几项限制,包括他们需要从卡法拉获得出境签证。马来亚海湾移民的故事和经历是研究阿拉伯海湾移民生活的民族志和文学研究的焦点。然而,利用小说来更好地理解移民经历在移民研究领域是一个相对未知的领域。本文使用迪帕克·乌尼克里希南的《临时人民》来审视海湾马来亚移民的困境。
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引用次数: 0
Reflection of Immigration, Alienation, and Identity Crisis in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss: A Saga of “Middle of Nowhere” 基兰·德赛《失落的传承:一个“无中生有”的传奇》对移民、异化与身份危机的反思
Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2023.2.02.286
Reshu Shukla
The Inheritance of Loss, written by Kiran Desai, won the 2006 Man Booker Prize. The book thoroughly explains the modern problems brought on by globalisation and technological advancement, followed by the escalating perceptions of economic disparities, diversity, fanaticism, and rationalism as the main contemporary survival threats.  Kiran Desai has accurately captured the state of homelessness, alienation, estrangement, marginalisation, and lack of belongingness that immigrants face in both foreign countries as well as in their own countries in the name of class-culture disparities. The novel tells the story of people from various backgrounds battling social norms while being stigmatised by their caste, class, culture, and country. It depicts post-globalization effects, which have ironically had a greater impact on the segment of society known as the middle class, further divided into the higher middle class and lower middle class, despite having made notable changes in the world spectrum in various aspects. The novelist has amazingly succeeded in portraying the negative aspects of the ongoing changes occurring on all levels, regardless of geographic borders, in the technical, economic, social, cultural, and ethical spheres. New York city, one of the two major locations of the plot, happens to be home to a large population of legal and unauthorised immigrants from various ‘Third World Nations’, and the other is Kalimpong, a small Indian town at the base of Mount Kanchenjunga in the north-eastern Himalayas, which is shown to be experiencing political unrest in the middle of the 1980s following the launch of the liberation movement by the Indian Nepalese. Kiran Desai has effectively depicted the effects of the Gorkha movement of the time, linking it to the main plot. The purpose of this paper is to study the novel's extensive treatment of the themes of home, homeland, alienation, immigration, identity crisis, and above all, the pain of isolation in the shadow of belongingness. 
基兰·德赛的《失去的遗产》获得了2006年布克奖。这本书彻底解释了全球化和技术进步带来的现代问题,随之而来的是对经济差距、多样性、狂热主义和理性主义的不断升级的认识,这些都是当代主要的生存威胁。基兰·德赛以阶级文化差异的名义,准确地捕捉到了移民在外国和自己国家所面临的无家可归、疏离、疏远、边缘化和缺乏归属感的状态。这部小说讲述了来自不同背景的人们与社会规范作斗争,同时被他们的种姓、阶级、文化和国家所污名化的故事。它描绘了后全球化效应,具有讽刺意味的是,它对社会中被称为中产阶级的部分产生了更大的影响,进一步分为较高的中产阶级和较低的中产阶级,尽管在世界光谱的各个方面都发生了显著的变化。这位小说家惊人地成功地描绘了技术、经济、社会、文化和伦理等各个层面正在发生的变化的负面影响,而不受地理边界的限制。纽约市是故事的两个主要地点之一,恰好是来自各种“第三世界国家”的大量合法和非法移民的家园,另一个是噶伦邦,一个位于喜马拉雅山东北部干城嘉嘉山脚下的印度小镇,在印度尼泊尔人发起解放运动后,它在20世纪80年代中期经历了政治动荡。Kiran Desai有效地描绘了当时廓尔喀运动的影响,并将其与主要情节联系起来。本文的目的是研究小说对家庭、家园、异化、移民、身份危机等主题的广泛处理,尤其是在归属感的阴影下孤立的痛苦。
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引用次数: 0
A Pragmatic Analysis of Nelson Mandela’s Speech at Harvard University 纳尔逊·曼德拉哈佛大学演讲的语用分析
Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2023.2.01.252
Dharmendra Kumar Mishra
This article studies Nelson Mandela’s speech at Harvard University to understand his rhetorical skills. In this speech, he talks about how South Africans face disparities and injustice due to their race. He emphasizes the need for reconceptualization and redefining the economic system's precepts, which could benefit all regardless of race, gender, and ethnicity. The speech has been analyzed using Leech’s Maxims of Politeness and Aristotle’s Theory of Persuasion to investigate how rhetorical and politeness strategies have been used. The analysis shows that Mandela used Leech’s Maxims of Politeness as complementary to Aristotle’s strategies of persuasion to achieve desired communicative goals. He uses different strategies of logos and ethos to build a persuasive discourse. Besides, he uses modesty and approbation maxim and humour at the cost of self as the main strategies of politeness. Politeness complements his persuasive appeals and makes them more effective. 
本文研究了纳尔逊·曼德拉在哈佛大学的演讲,以了解他的修辞技巧。在这次演讲中,他谈到了南非人因种族而面临的不平等和不公正。他强调需要重新构思和定义经济制度的规则,这可以使所有人受益,无论种族、性别和民族。本文运用Leech的《礼貌格言》和亚里士多德的《说服理论》对这篇演讲进行了分析,以研究修辞策略和礼貌策略是如何被使用的。分析表明,曼德拉使用了Leech的礼貌格言作为对亚里士多德说服策略的补充,以达到预期的交际目标。他使用不同的理性和精神策略来构建一个有说服力的话语。此外,他还以谦虚与赞许、以自我为代价的幽默作为礼貌的主要策略。礼貌与他的说服力相辅相成,使其更加有效。
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引用次数: 0
Sita: The Hero of Nandini Sahu’s Retelling of Ramayana 西达:南迪尼·萨胡重述《罗摩衍那》的英雄
Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2023.2.01.251
Swara Thacker
Generation after generation has heard the story of Ramayana as the epic battle or dharmayudh between Rama and Ravana. Sita is mostly presented as the damsel in distress whose honour is protected by her husband and who is supposed to prove her chastity in order to find a place in society. However, her life before marriage, her natural gift, resilience, courage, and ability to detach from everything that is close to her are many times overlooked. The hero is Rama, and the villain is Ravana. Sita is the victim. Nandini Sahu’s Sita is not a victim. She is the true warrior of the epic Ramayana who deserves to be called the hero. She is the faithful daughter, wife, and mother who performs all the three roles with devotion and dedication. However, most importantly, she is a woman of substance who never loses hope in adverse circumstances and resiliently faces every challenge that life throws her way. This paper is an attempt to reconstruct Sita’s identity as the warrior of the epic instead of the victim by referring to Nandini Sahu’s rendering of the story of Ramayana from Sita’s perspective. This analysis will be done from the postcolonial perspective in which the story of the subaltern Sita will be the highlight, and her actual contribution to the action of the epic will be brought to the forefront to show that she is the hero and not the victim.
一代又一代的人都听说罗摩衍那是罗摩和拉瓦那之间史诗般的战斗或dharmayudh。西塔大多被描绘成一个处于困境中的少女,她的荣誉受到丈夫的保护,为了在社会上找到一席之地,她应该证明自己的贞洁。然而,她婚前的生活、她天生的天赋、韧性、勇气和超脱一切的能力,却常常被忽视。英雄是罗摩,反派是拉瓦那。西塔是受害者。南迪尼·萨胡的西塔不是受害者。她是史诗《罗摩衍那》中真正的战士,当之无愧的英雄。她是忠实的女儿、妻子和母亲,以奉献精神履行这三个角色。然而,最重要的是,她是一个富有的女人,在逆境中从不失去希望,并顽强地面对生活中的每一个挑战。本文试图通过南迪尼·萨胡对《罗摩衍那》故事的解读,从西达的视角重构西达作为史诗战士而非受害者的身份。这种分析将从后殖民的角度进行,其中次等的西塔的故事将是亮点,她对史诗行动的实际贡献将被带到最前沿,以表明她是英雄而不是受害者。
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引用次数: 0
The Representation of Humanity in Asif Currimbhoy’s Inquilab Asif currimhoy 's Inquilab中的人性表现
Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2023.2.01.250
Mallam Naveen
In recent decades, mankind has been progressing towards the advancement in the name of technology. At the hand of advancement and development, the elements of basic humanity are doomed under the hypocrisy in society. There is a need for the insurgence of humanity over inhumanity to save mankind. Every human being, in the interaction of self and society, tries to accommodate the soul for the best of human nature. If this is the element to be drawn for the artistic play, Asif Currimbhoy has the advantage in every manner to make use of the elemental psychic drama molded into an excellent play. The present play by Asif Currimbhoy, Inquilab portrays human nature with the zeal of representation of humanity over the doomed system of injustice caused in society. It tries to pave a way to bear the torch towards humanity over adversity of the human psyche in the name of feudalism. Finally, it also searches for the redressal of mechanisms in the human behavior, as the Naxalite way of life is not a short cut, nor a sole way out for many filthy problems of society and does not bring the wanted means of democracy.
近几十年来,人类以科技的名义不断进步。在进步和发展的手中,基本人性的要素在社会的虚伪下注定了。为了拯救人类,人类需要反抗非人类。每个人,在自我与社会的相互作用中,都试图使灵魂适应人性的最佳状态。如果这是艺术戏剧的元素,那么阿西夫·柯里姆霍伊在各方面都有优势,他把基本的精神戏剧塑造成一部优秀的戏剧。这部由Asif currimhoy创作的戏剧《Inquilab》以一种热情描绘了人性,超越了社会中注定要失败的不公正制度。它试图以封建主义的名义为人类精神的逆境铺平一条通往人性的火炬。最后,它还寻求对人类行为机制的纠正,因为纳萨尔派的生活方式不是一条捷径,也不是解决许多社会肮脏问题的唯一出路,也没有带来想要的民主手段。
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引用次数: 0
Memory and Metanarratives: Recalling/Retelling ‘Life and Political Reality’ of Pre- & Post-Liberation Bangladesh in Shahidul Zahir’s Novella 记忆与元叙事:回顾/重述沙希杜尔·查希尔中篇小说中解放前后孟加拉国的“生活与政治现实”
Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2023.2.01.249
Mansi Wilkinson & Shailendra P. Singh
A close connection exists between literature and history, especially in times of major upheavals in the political and cultural climate of a nation. While history posits itself as fact, literature represents those facts by connecting disperse events and telling an overarching story of the historical record. When understood in this context, historical memory becomes the cornerstone of individual and collective identities. The shared experiences enable a community to pull an array of distinct memories together into a coherent whole. The paper discusses how Zahir delineates a diverse range of characters and incorporates multiple arcs and trajectories; thereby expanding the novella to form a collective history and national identity of the people of East Pakistan. From the vantage point of the third-person, Zahir analyses the retrospective memory of 1971 that not only shapes the present of the victims but also reclaims their past and rewrites their history. Since memory plays a significant role in shaping the national identity. One notion of national identity mainstreams one group of citizens and relegates the other to a marginal existence. Hence significant moments in a nation’s history are often interpreted in the light of conflicting metanarratives for pollical expediency. The paper explores Zahir’s novella ‘Life and political reality’ and depicts the clash of metanarratives in Bangladesh during the war of liberation and after the 1975 military coup.
文学与历史之间存在着密切的联系,特别是在一个国家的政治和文化气候发生重大动荡的时候。虽然历史将自己设定为事实,但文学通过将分散的事件联系起来并讲述历史记录的总体故事来代表这些事实。当在这种背景下理解时,历史记忆成为个人和集体身份的基石。共同的经历使一个社区能够将一系列不同的记忆拉到一起,形成一个连贯的整体。本文讨论了Zahir如何描绘各种各样的人物,并结合多种弧线和轨迹;从而扩展了中篇小说,形成了东巴基斯坦人民的集体历史和民族认同。从第三人称的角度,查希尔分析了1971年的回顾性记忆,这不仅塑造了受害者的现在,也重塑了他们的过去,改写了他们的历史。因为记忆在塑造民族认同方面起着重要作用。一种民族认同的概念使一群公民成为主流,而把另一群公民贬为边缘存在。因此,为了政治上的权宜之计,一个国家历史上的重要时刻往往会被解读为相互冲突的元叙事。本文探讨了查希尔的中篇小说《生活与政治现实》,并描绘了解放战争期间和1975年军事政变后孟加拉国元叙事的冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Roots, Routes and Fruits: Feminism and Ecofeminism 根、路与果:女性主义与生态女性主义
Pub Date : 2023-03-26 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2023.1.12.227
Dakshta Arora & Prof. Anjana Das
Ecofeminism is the missing link that connects woman and nature, while tracing out the patriarchal structures of exploitation and oppression. This paper searches for the origination of ‘Ecofeminism’ that lies somewhere in the fusion of ‘Feminism’ and ‘Ecology.’ While defining the concept of ‘Feminism’, it explores its different forms along with its chronological order through wave metaphor. Feminism nurtures the sapling of Ecofeminism, and with the passage of time, it turns into a tree that bears fruits of the various forms which can be viewed through different perspectives. It presents roots, routes and fruits that come out of ‘Feminism’ and ‘Ecofeminism.’ Knowing nature leads to knowing woman, and knowing woman, leads to knowing nature. The real emancipation lies in saving the earth and woman from exploitation and oppression.     
生态女权主义是连接女性和自然的缺失环节,同时也揭示了剥削和压迫的父权结构。本文在“女性主义”与“生态学”的融合中寻找“生态女性主义”的起源。在定义“女权主义”概念的同时,通过波浪隐喻探索其不同的形式以及时间顺序。女权主义培育了生态女权主义的小树苗,随着时间的推移,它变成了一棵结出各种形式果实的树,可以从不同的角度来看待。它展示了“女权主义”和“生态女权主义”的根源、路线和成果。了解自然就会了解女人,了解女人就会了解自然。真正的解放在于把地球和妇女从剥削和压迫中拯救出来。
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引用次数: 0
The Semiotic Analysis of film Pinjar in Relation to Multiculturalism in Indian Subcontinent's Society as Depicted in Films 电影《品贾尔》的符号学分析与电影中印度次大陆社会的多元文化主义
Pub Date : 2023-03-26 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2023.1.12.229
Hamza Hassan & Wajid Riaz
A real portrayal of any society or geographic location at any point in time is what is meant when we talk about "culture." The Indo-Pakistani Subcontinent is home to a diverse collection of religious sects, linguistic subgroups, cultural practices, and ethnic communities. As a result of this, the Indo-Pak region is often referred to as having a multicultural society and the entire Indian Subcontinent is founded on the principle that diversity should be celebrated. The film Pinjar serves as a representation of today's multicultural society because it shows people from a number of different ethnic groups and demonstrates their various cultures. This film or book has served as the primary source for the fundamental material that was compiled for this research article. The researcher came to the conclusion that the best way to do this data analysis was to make use of the Pierce model of semiotics. This was done in order to acquire credible results and locate the multiculturalism-related components that were present in the specific text and film in question. The appendix of the research report, which can be found at the very end, will direct you to the precise remnants of this particular term that can be found in the film that was picked and will provide them to you in the form of pictures.
当我们谈论“文化”时,任何社会或地理位置在任何时间点的真实写照就是我们所说的。印度-巴基斯坦次大陆是各种宗教派别、语言亚群、文化习俗和种族社区的家园。因此,印巴地区通常被认为是一个多元文化社会,整个印度次大陆都是建立在多样性应该得到庆祝的原则之上的。电影《品贾尔》是当今多元文化社会的代表,因为它展示了来自许多不同民族的人,展示了他们不同的文化。这部电影或书已作为主要来源的基本材料,是为这篇研究文章编译。研究人员得出的结论是,做这个数据分析的最好方法是利用符号学的皮尔斯模型。这样做是为了获得可信的结果,并找到存在于所讨论的具体文本和电影中的与多元文化有关的成分。研究报告的附录,可以在最后找到,将引导你到这个特定术语的确切残余,可以在被选中的电影中找到,并将以图片的形式提供给你。
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引用次数: 0
Healing Power of Wordsworth’s Romantic Poetry 华兹华斯浪漫主义诗歌的治愈力
Pub Date : 2023-03-26 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2023.1.12.230
Prof. Mirza Sibtain Beg
Poetry has immense potential to soothe the senses and heat the wounds. Through poetry, mental health and peace of mind can be maintained with pace immeasurable. The waves of passion that runs through poet’s sensibility, soothes the senses of the readers. Poetry reading, writing and listening casts good therapeutic effects. Poetry provides peace, calmness, and comfort to the minds by elevating mood in distress and duress. Studies show that poetry therapy proves a boon to patients suffering from serious ailments and augment their emotional resilience and brings joy in their life. Our brains are electrified with rhyme and rhythm of the poetry to give emotional reaction to joy and sadness both. Like sweet melody of music, poetry heals our emotional hurts. The metaphors embellish the poetic lines with magical brilliance, and they glitter with astute meaning and message. Diction plays a very emphatic role in discerning poet’s leanings. Reflection, perception and attachment are interwoven in diction so inextricably that they turn poet’s mouthpiece, and roar and rave with perfect resonance to poetic experiences. Through the intoxicated taken-for- grantedness of the laidback reading public will take somersault by the melody of the tone and exquisiteness of diction. The paper, however, explores how poetry can be a natural tool to heal mental stress, trauma, and agony and maintain mental health well.  We will examine some poetic utterances of great romantic poet William Wordsworth and see how they can be a tool to heal the emotional hurts and wounds. Moreover, we will too examine that how the nature can extend peace, purpose, poise to mind.
诗歌有巨大的潜力来抚慰感官和伤口。通过诗歌,心理健康和心灵的平静可以以不可估量的速度保持。在诗人的感性中奔涌而过的激情之波,抚慰了读者的感官。诗歌读、写、听具有良好的治疗效果。诗歌通过提升痛苦和胁迫中的情绪,为心灵提供和平、平静和安慰。研究表明,诗歌疗法对患有严重疾病的患者来说是一种福音,可以增强他们的情绪弹性,给他们的生活带来快乐。我们的大脑被诗歌的韵律和节奏所激活,对喜悦和悲伤都做出情感反应。诗歌就像悦耳的旋律,治愈我们情感上的创伤。隐喻以神奇的光辉点缀着诗歌的线条,它们闪烁着敏锐的意义和信息。语言在辨别诗人的倾向性方面起着非常重要的作用。反思、感悟和依恋在语言中密不可分地交织在一起,成为诗人的喉舌,与诗歌体验产生完美的共鸣。通过悠闲阅读的陶醉和理所当然,公众会被音调的旋律和措辞的精湛而翻跟头。然而,本文探讨了诗歌如何成为治疗精神压力、创伤和痛苦的自然工具,并保持心理健康。我们将研究伟大浪漫主义诗人威廉·华兹华斯的一些诗歌话语,看看它们是如何成为治愈情感创伤的工具的。此外,我们还将研究大自然如何将平静、目标和定力延伸到心灵中。
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引用次数: 0
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