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Performing (Dis)ability: Explorations in Literature, Theatre and Cinema 表演(表演)能力:文学、戏剧和电影的探索
Pub Date : 2022-09-25 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2022.1.6.3
Aakash Sharma
The most fundamental relationship in a universe divided into numerous categories and subgroups is anchored in the corporeality of human life. The social hierarchy is mostly determined by how someone behaves and fulfilshisjob in society. This "norm" of the human condition results from ableist normative discourses datingback hundreds of years. In the Rāmāyana, Shravana Kumara is revered as the torchbearer of filial piety towards his parents, who were both blind hermits; they depended on their son’s dedication tofulfilling their life’s end goal. Blackfrom2005 is frequently considered a turning point in Indian cinema since it depicts a handicap narrative quite well. A bildungsroman about Michelle McNally (Rani Mukherjee), who loses her sight and hearing as a young girl, the movie features Amitabh Bachchan and Rani Mukherjee in the pivotalroles. While Michelle's condition and how she deals with it to move forward in life is the film's central topic, other undertonesmay be seen in how it portrays a disabled female kid.Every opportunity should be considered when casting a disabled actor to actualize the representation of disabled persons in the arts and film. Radical measures must be taken, including reviewing the casting procedures and introducingaudition venues suitable for performers with disabilities. Disabled students and staff members should be actively encouraged to participate in schools and institutions.
在一个被划分为许多类别和子群体的宇宙中,最基本的关系是在人类生命的肉体中锚定的。社会等级主要是由一个人在社会中的行为和完成工作的方式决定的。这种人类状况的“规范”源于数百年前的能力主义规范话语。在Rāmāyana中,舍瓦那鸠摩罗被尊为孝顺父母的火炬手,他的父母都是盲人隐士;他们依靠儿子的奉献精神来实现他们人生的终极目标。2005年的Blackfrom2005经常被认为是印度电影的转折点,因为它很好地描述了一个残疾的叙事。这是一部关于米歇尔·麦克纳利(拉尼·慕克吉饰)的成长小说,她在年轻时失去了视力和听力,这部电影由阿米塔布·巴克坎和拉尼·慕克吉主演。虽然米歇尔的病情以及她如何应对并继续生活是这部电影的中心主题,但在这部电影如何刻画一个残疾女孩的过程中,我们可以看到其他的潜在含义。在选择残疾演员时,应该考虑到每一个机会,以实现残疾人在艺术和电影中的表现。必须采取激进的措施,包括审查选角程序,引进适合残疾演员的试镜场所。应积极鼓励残疾学生和工作人员参与学校和机构。
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引用次数: 0
The Nuances of Legal Lexicon 法律词汇的细微差别
Pub Date : 2022-09-25 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2022.1.6.6
Vaibhav Sabnis
Legal language is the essence of our lives as law touches every walk of our lives. There is an indivisible connection between law and language. Laws are expressed in language and language has its own laws. Legal lexicon is an indispensable entity of legal language. In order to understand the laws, duties, rights and legal matters, it is imperative to understand legal language which is full of distinct lexicon. Same words carry different meanings in legal and ordinary contexts. There are archaic words and phrases besides the overpowering of foreign words which have been fully assimilated in the legal language. All these need to be taken into consideration. The present paper focuses on the various facets, features and nuances of legal lexicon.
法律语言是我们生活的精髓,因为法律涉及我们生活的方方面面。法律和语言之间有着不可分割的联系。规律是用语言表达的,语言有自己的规律。法律词汇是法律语言不可缺少的组成部分。要理解法律、义务、权利和法律事务,就必须理解充满独特词汇的法律语言。相同的单词在法律和日常语境中具有不同的含义。除了大量被法律语言充分吸收的外来词外,还有一些古老的词和短语。所有这些都需要考虑。本文主要探讨法律词汇的各个方面、特点和细微差别。
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引用次数: 0
AS THE CURTAIN WAS DRAWN 窗帘拉上的时候
Pub Date : 2022-09-25 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2022.1.6.2
Sandhya Saxena
R. K. Laxman, the pioneer Indian cartoonist whose cartoons have enlivened the pages of the Times of India for decades, comments on the political phantasmagoria of the country through his legendary Common Man,who is seen hanging around in the background of almost all the significant happenings as a representative of the mute millions of our country. The creator of the illustrious Common Man breathed his last on Jan. 26, 2015,having suffered a multi-organ failure. He was accorded a state funeral at Vaikunth Crematorium inPune. The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Devendra Fadnavis,announced a memorial to honour the renowned cartoonist. With his demise,the curtain is drawn on an era of cartooning representinga great deal of ethics and balance. The present article is a tribute to the legendary artist whose birth centenary passed unnoticed in 2021.
印度漫画家先驱r·k·拉克斯曼(R. K. Laxman)的漫画几十年来一直活跃在《印度时报》(Times of India)的版面上,他通过他的传奇人物“普通人”(Common Man)来评论这个国家的政治变幻,他作为我们国家数百万沉默的人的代表,在几乎所有重大事件的背景中徘徊。2015年1月26日,这位著名的《普通人》的创作者因多器官衰竭而去世。他在浦那的Vaikunth火葬场举行了国葬。马哈拉施特拉邦首席部长Devendra Fadnavis宣布了纪念这位著名漫画家的纪念碑。随着他的去世,一个代表了大量道德和平衡的漫画时代落下了帷幕。这篇文章是对这位传奇艺术家的致敬,他的百年诞辰在2021年悄然逝去。
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引用次数: 0
The Construction, Deconstruction and Reconstruction of Marital Relationship in Shashi Deshpande’s That Long Silence 沙希·德什潘德《那漫长的沉默》中婚姻关系的建构、解构与重构
Pub Date : 2022-09-25 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2022.1.6.4
Alka Rani Purwar
Over the years, Indian English Fiction has entered a new phase of an incomparable portrayal of the New Indian woman who is not always happy with the constraining cultural, natural, and sexual duties allocated to her by patriarchal India's unconscious dawn. In her parental house, the woman may be a daughter or sister, and in her husband's family, she can be a wife and mother. She will also be required to perform a professional role. Above all, Nature gave her a sex-based position in which she is naturally limited. Divided between her natural and cultural roles,a woman can be only a daughter, sister, wife, or mother but never her real ‘she’. She wants the freedom to think and live for herself as a human being and liberation from her womanhood. She sometimes escapesher culture-bound duties since there is no way out of her nature-bound responsibilities, particularly her function as a procreator and sexual partner.
多年来,印度英语小说进入了一个新的阶段,对新印度女性进行了无与伦比的描绘,这些女性并不总是满意于父权制印度无意识的黎明分配给她的限制性文化,自然和性义务。在娘家,这个女人可能是女儿或姐妹,而在丈夫家里,她可能是妻子和母亲。她还将被要求扮演一个专业角色。最重要的是,大自然给了她一个基于性别的位置,她自然受到限制。在自然和文化角色之间,女性只能是女儿、姐妹、妻子或母亲,但永远不能是真正的“她”。她想要作为一个人,为自己思考和生活的自由,从女性的身份中解放出来。她有时会逃避受文化约束的责任,因为她无法摆脱受自然约束的责任,尤其是她作为生育和性伴侣的功能。
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引用次数: 0
Performative Act of the Subaltern: A Postcolonial Figure of Subaltern Resistance in Mahasweta Devi’s Draupadi 次等人的表演行为:Mahasweta Devi《Draupadi》中次等人反抗的后殖民形象
Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2022.1.6.1
Aftab Ur Rahaman Zahin
This paper attempts to evaluate the resistance to the ethnic and gender subalternity portrayed by Mahasweta Devi n the story, Draupadi. Mahasweta Devi portrays a figure of resistance to the multi-layered subalternity through the rejection of gender performative acts in both theatrical and non-theatrical contexts of subaltern. The story, Draupadi, challenges the conventional phallocentric representation of gender subalterns and colonial domination over marginalized ethnicity through the construction of the character, Dopdi Mejhen (or Draupadi), a young Santal widow, fighting for the socioeconomic freedom of her tribe, who radically stands naked exposing her blood spotted body against the oppressive colonizer after extreme physical oppression, to protest the patriarchal and colonial domination over her body and ethnic community. She is subaltern by her class, caste and gender; but liberates herself from subalternity through non-cooperation resistance. This paper applies the theory of ‘subalternity’ of Ranajit Guha and Chakravorty Spivak to bring out the aspects of multi-layered subalternity and intellectual location of the resistance; and theory of ‘gender performativity’ of Judith Butler to evaluate the resistance of gender subalternity. This research proves that the conquering resistance to the colonial domination and subalternity is the result of the non-cooperative movement against dominant elitism, rejection of gender performative acts in both theatrical and nontheatrical contexts, radical stand against ethnic representation, existential tactic to disrupt the essential codes and dominant administrative colonial power.
本文试图评价Mahasweta Devi在故事《Draupadi》中所描绘的对种族和性别次等性的反抗。Mahasweta Devi通过在戏剧和非戏剧情境中拒绝性别表演行为,描绘了一个抵抗多层次等性的人物。这个故事,Draupadi,挑战了传统的以生殖器为中心的性别低下的表现和对边缘种族的殖民统治,通过角色的构建,Dopdi Mejhen(或Draupadi),一个年轻的桑塔尔寡妇,为她部落的社会经济自由而战,在极端的身体压迫之后,她赤裸地站在那里,暴露她沾满血迹的身体,反抗压迫的殖民者。抗议对她的身体和族群的父权和殖民统治。根据阶级、种姓和性别,她处于次等地位;而是通过不合作抵抗将自己从次等性中解放出来。本文运用古哈(Ranajit Guha)和斯皮瓦克(Chakravorty Spivak)的“次等性”理论,揭示了抵抗运动的多层次次等性和智力定位;以及朱迪思·巴特勒的“性别表演性”理论来评价性别次等性的抵抗。本研究证明,对殖民统治和次等性的征服抵抗是反对统治精英主义的非合作运动、在戏剧和非戏剧语境中对性别表演行为的拒绝、反对种族代表性的激进立场、破坏基本规范的存在主义策略和统治的行政殖民权力的结果。
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引用次数: 2
Representation of Feminism in South Asian Society: A Critical Study of An American Brat by Bapsi Sidhwa 南亚社会中的女性主义再现:对巴普西·西德瓦《美国小子》的批判性研究
Pub Date : 2022-08-24 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2022.1.5.4
H. Hassan, Muhammad Rizwan
An American Bratby Bapsi Sidhwa is a postcolonialand feminist novel.Feroza,theheroine of the novel,is a teenage Parseegirlfrom Lahore. The novel An American Bratis focused on the character of Feroza because she was sent to America to her uncle. There,her behaviourchanged. The whole story revolved around this single character. The parents of Feroza are very modern,while Feroza is a religious and conservative girl when we are introduced to her character. She is never attracted tothe young men becauseshe is regardedasbackward and narrow-minded. She is an innocent individual and loves to stay alone. Firstly, she was not ready to go to America, but her familymade her go thereforcefully. Themodern world ofAmericaproved awful for the sixteen years old Feroza. Therefore the consequences were as appalling as expected. Thisis why the feminist approach can be traced in the novel's texteither from her mother or from herself. Feminism as the dominant approach is waved throughout the novel in one way or the other. This research is conducted to draw out all feminist traces from the text.
《美国娃娃》是一部后殖民主义和女权主义小说。小说的女主角费罗扎是一个来自拉合尔的十几岁的祆教徒。小说《一个美国人》之所以关注费罗扎这个角色,是因为她被送到美国去找她的叔叔。在那里,她behaviourchanged。整个故事都围绕着这个人物展开。ferroza的父母非常现代,而当我们介绍她的角色时,ferroza是一个宗教和保守的女孩。她从不被年轻男人所吸引,因为她被认为是落后和心胸狭窄的。她是个单纯的人,喜欢一个人呆着。首先,她没有准备好去美国,但她的家人强迫她去。美国的现代社会对16岁的费罗扎来说是可怕的。因此,后果正如预期的那样骇人听闻。这就是为什么在小说的文本中可以从她的母亲或她自己身上找到女权主义的方法。女权主义作为主流在整部小说中以这样或那样的方式出现。本研究旨在从文本中提取所有女权主义的痕迹。
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引用次数: 0
Social Realism in Meena Kandasamy’s Novel The Gypsy Goddess 米娜·坎达萨米小说《吉普赛女神》中的社会现实主义
Pub Date : 2022-08-24 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2022.1.5.1
Dr Ravindra D. Hajare
Social realism, as derived from the Marxist ideology, is something which adheres to reality, avoids romantic embellishments, and creates truthful portraits of life that expose human flaws. In it, we find characters with genuine jobs and problems. It records the life of an average farmer or labourer. The novel the Gypsy Goddess by Meena Kandasamy is an indictment of Communism and atrocities inflicted upon untouchable coolies and paddy workers. Mena Kandasamy presents the fictionalized version of the tragedy, portrayed on the documents taken from history and interviews of people who faced that actual incident. The landlords murder a communist leader. After that, the Dalit labourers go on strike, Dalit workers are forced to work back on farms, and those who refuse are assaulted and punished by the police. The democratic demand for justice by the untouchables farmers of Kilenmani, Tamil Nadu, are faced with a terrible series of actions which prove ‘might is right’, and the poor, helpless farmers are only left to suffer and die due to hostile conditions. The novel is a fine narrative of their plight and the traumatic conditions caused by the violence inflicted upon them. In brief, it is a fictionalized work on social realism. The present paper is a brief study of events that occur in the lives of Dalit, unprivileged paddy workers and their exploitation by so-called Upper Caste or Landlords and their realistic representation.
社会现实主义源于马克思主义的意识形态,它坚持现实,避免浪漫主义的修饰,真实地描绘生活,揭露人性的缺陷。在书中,我们找到了有真正工作和问题的人物。它记录了一个普通农民或工人的生活。米娜·坎达萨米的小说《吉普赛女神》控诉了共产主义和对贱民苦力和水稻工人的暴行。梅纳·坎达萨米(Mena Kandasamy)呈现了这场悲剧的虚构版本,根据历史文件和面对实际事件的人的采访进行了描绘。地主们谋杀了一个共产党领导人。在那之后,达利特工人举行罢工,达利特工人被迫回到农场工作,那些拒绝的人受到警察的殴打和惩罚。泰米尔纳德邦Kilenmani的贱民农民对正义的民主要求面临着一系列可怕的行动,这些行动证明了“强权即公理”,而贫穷无助的农民只能在敌对的条件下受苦和死亡。这部小说很好地叙述了他们的困境以及施加在他们身上的暴力所造成的创伤。简而言之,这是一部关于社会现实主义的虚构作品。本文简要地研究了发生在达利特人生活中的事件,没有特权的水稻工人,他们被所谓的上层种姓或地主剥削,以及他们的现实表现。
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引用次数: 0
Physical and Spiritual Shades of Love in Taslima Nasreen’s Love Poems 塔斯利马·纳斯琳情诗中爱情的物质与精神阴影
Pub Date : 2022-08-24 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2022.1.5.3
Dakshta Arora
Taslima Nasreen is a Bangladeshi author whose name is always in the news. Sometimes it's because she said something bold and honest about fanaticism, and other times it's because she gave a voice to oppressed people who had never dared to say what they felt inside. Today, the world is moving forward in the area of technology. Art and writing are getting better and better as time goes on. Still, it's sad to say that there is a corner where everything is dark, even though it looks like everything is fine from the outside.The author who has the courage to bring this darkness out into the open is Taslima Nasreen, who is not afraid of the oppressive powers. The poet in Taslima Nasreen can't ignore how important it is to touch the body, which also needs to rest and feel safe. Love is the medicine that makes the body feel better. The kiss is a way to show love. When the poet has done everything from early morning until late in the evening, he or she is too tired. Love is what she needs. She is used to getting two kisses on the lips from her lover. She can't get enough of love being shown through a kiss on her lips. She can't picture being able to sleep or rest without a kiss from her lover.
塔斯利马·纳斯琳是一位孟加拉国作家,她的名字总是出现在新闻中。有时是因为她大胆而诚实地说出了一些关于狂热的事情,有时是因为她给了那些从来不敢说出内心感受的被压迫的人一个发声的机会。今天,世界正在技术领域向前发展。随着时间的推移,艺术和写作越来越好。然而,令人难过的是,有一个角落里,一切都是黑暗的,即使从外面看起来一切都很好。有勇气把这种黑暗暴露出来的作家是塔斯利马·纳斯琳,她不惧怕压迫的力量。《塔斯利马·纳斯琳》中的诗人不能忽视触摸身体的重要性,身体也需要休息和安全感。爱情是让身体感觉更好的药。接吻是一种表达爱的方式。当诗人从清晨忙到深夜的时候,他或她太累了。爱是她所需要的。她习惯了情人在她的嘴唇上吻两下。她无法从嘴唇上的一个吻中得到足够的爱。她无法想象如果没有爱人的吻,她是如何入睡或休息的。
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引用次数: 0
Intersection of caste and gender in Dalit Autobiography: A comparative study of Joothan and The Weave of My Life: A Dalit Woman's Memoirs 种姓与性别在达利特自传中的交集:《乔丹》与《我的生活编织:一个达利特女人的回忆录》的比较研究
Pub Date : 2022-07-30 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2022.1.4.4
M. Runa
In Dalit literature, autobiography has been an influential mode of narrative. It has been a crucial confessional instrument for expressing the plight of the underprivileged and bringing attention to several levels of oppression experienced by the outcaste. Dalit autobiographies discuss the plight of the Dalit in India and provide insight into how they challenge the power of the upper caste. However, there are two methods to approach this resistance. One, where it discusses the Dalit community's battles against the horrors committed by the higher caste. Second, it has been used as a potential tool to address how women are doubly marginalised in the Dalit community. Dalit women are more marginalised than Dalit men due to the economic, social and cultural factors. In the proposed paper, there will be a comparative study of the two chief autobiographies- one by a male author, second by a female author. The paper would study the representation of gender divide and its intersection with caste atrocities in the selected works. It aims to shed more light on the apparent differences and similarities between autobiographies written by a woman and a man respectively and try to analyse the mode with reference to gender inequality and caste.
在达利特文学中,自传一直是一种有影响力的叙事方式。它一直是表达弱势群体困境和提请人们注意贱民所遭受的不同程度压迫的关键忏悔工具。达利特自传讨论了达利特在印度的困境,并提供了他们如何挑战上层种姓权力的见解。然而,有两种方法可以解决这种阻力。其一,它讨论了达利特社区与高种姓所犯下的恐怖行为的斗争。其次,它已被用作解决女性在达利特社区中被双重边缘化的潜在工具。由于经济、社会和文化因素,达利特女性比达利特男性更边缘化。在提议的论文中,将对两本主要的自传进行比较研究-一本由男性作者撰写,另一本由女性作者撰写。本文将研究所选作品中性别鸿沟的表现及其与种姓暴行的交集。本文的目的是揭示女性和男性分别撰写的自传之间的明显异同,并试图结合性别不平等和种姓制度来分析这种模式。
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引用次数: 0
Ramifications of Religious Intolerance and Indian Nation: Tharoor’s Riot 宗教不容忍的后果和印度民族:塔鲁尔暴乱
Pub Date : 2022-07-30 DOI: 10.56062/gtrs.2022.1.4.5
Pramod Kumari
Literature and the nation are inextricably linked. A discipline that originates from a philosophical tradition developed with the notion of the country is the study of literature. Since Bhabha claims that the country and narration are comparable, literary tales have a deep connection to the idea of the nation. The real inspiration for Shashi Tharoor's Riot was the 1992 religious disturbances. These riots between Hindus and Muslims took place to "correct a grievous injustice" from four hundred and sixty years before. But these riots were sparked mainly by political unrest. Politicians appeal to voters on particular religious, caste, and geographic grounds. The current essay examines how a regular person might become a victim of riots between groups of people without their fault and how, during such fights, national integrity is threatened and overlooked. A man without a country seems like an impossibility. Love for humankind is the only remedy for violence. "Distracting interventions" can only be overcome by forgiving and moving forward.
文学与民族有着千丝万缕的联系。文学研究是一门源于哲学传统的学科,它与国家的概念一起发展。由于巴巴声称国家和叙述是可比性的,文学故事与国家的观念有着深刻的联系。沙希·塔鲁尔暴乱的真正灵感来自1992年的宗教骚乱。这些印度教徒和穆斯林之间的骚乱发生在460年前,是为了“纠正严重的不公正”。但这些骚乱主要是由政治动荡引发的。政客们以特定的宗教、种姓和地理因素来吸引选民。这篇文章探讨了一个普通人如何成为没有过错的人群之间骚乱的受害者,以及在这种冲突中,国家的完整性如何受到威胁和忽视。一个没有祖国的人似乎是不可能的。对人类的爱是暴力的唯一补救办法。“分散注意力的干预”只能通过原谅和前进来克服。
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引用次数: 0
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Creative Saplings
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