Gerodontology最新文献_第5页

Efficacy of Silver Diamine Fluoride vs. Sodium Fluoride in Arresting Root Caries Among the Olders in Care Homes: A Randomised Controlled Trial. 氟化二胺银与氟化钠抑制养老院老年人牙根龋的疗效：一项随机对照试验

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Gerodontology

Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1111/ger.70025

Bhargav Bhat, Deepak Kumar Singhal, Nishu Singla, Prajna Pramod Nayak, Ananya Prabhu, Lahari Anand

Background: Root caries is a major dental public health concern, particularly among the geriatric population residing in old age homes. Preventive and noninvasive strategies, such as topical fluorides, have shown promise in managing root caries. This study compares the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish in preventing and arresting root caries in this population.

Methods: A parallel group randomised clinical trial was conducted among elders (60-89 years) in old-age homes of Udupi District, India. Participants with at least one exposed root surface caries lesion were recruited and randomly allocated to either the SDF group or the NaF group. Caries activity status (active vs. arrested) was assessed at baseline, 1 month and 3 month follow-ups using explorer probing and ICDAS codes, with the primary outcome being arrest or progression of root caries lesions. Within-group changes were evaluated using McNemar's test, and between-group differences by Chi-square test, with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results: A total of 57 participants were included (SDF group: 29; NaF group: 28). At 1 month follow-up, 96.6% of the SDF group showed arrested root caries, but only 50% in the NaF group showed arrested root caries (p < 0.001). At 3 months, 89.7% of the SDF group remained arrested, whereas only 21.63% of the NaF group maintained arrested caries (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: SDF may serve as a simple and practical treatment option for managing root caries, particularly in institutional care settings. Strengthening such preventive strategies can help address the growing burden of root caries in ageing populations and improve their overall quality of life.

背景：牙根龋是一个主要的牙科公共卫生问题，特别是在老年人居住的老年人口。预防性和非侵入性策略，如局部氟化物，在治疗牙根龋方面显示出希望。本研究比较了氟化二胺银（SDF）和氟化钠（NaF）清漆在预防和遏制牙根龋方面的效果。方法：在印度Udupi地区养老院的老年人（60-89岁）中进行平行组随机临床试验。招募至少有一个暴露的根表面龋病变的参与者，并随机分配到SDF组或NaF组。使用探索者探查和ICDAS代码在基线、1个月和3个月的随访中评估龋活动状态（活跃与停止），主要结果是牙根龋病变的停止或进展。采用McNemar检验评估组内变化，采用卡方检验评估组间差异，p。结果：共纳入57例受试者（SDF组29例；NaF组28例）。在1个月的随访中，96.6%的SDF组牙根龋被抑制，而NaF组只有50%的牙根龋被抑制(p结论：SDF可能是治疗牙根龋的一种简单实用的治疗选择，特别是在机构护理环境中。加强这类预防战略可以帮助解决老年人牙根龋日益加重的负担，并改善他们的总体生活质量。

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引用次数: 0

Tongue-Strengthening Exercise in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Dysphagia: A Randomised Controlled Trial 老年人肌肉减少性吞咽困难的舌强化运动：一项随机对照试验。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Gerodontology

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1111/ger.70024

Ji-Su Park, Sun-Hwa Shim, Na-Kyoung Hwang

Purpose

To investigate the effects of tongue-strengthening exercise (TSE) based on exercise intensity on tongue strength and thickness in older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia.

Methods

Participants were randomly assigned to groups 1 and 2. Group 1 underwent TSE at an intensity of 80% 1-repetition maximum (1RM) for 90 times/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. In contrast, group 2 performed TSE at an intensity of 50% 1RM for the same period and number of times as group 1. The outcome measures were tongue strength, thickness and dropout rate owing to exercise compliance.

Results

Tongue strength increased from 16.7 to 22.1 kPa in Group 1 (d = 2.97) and from 16.9 to 19.1 kPa in Group 2 (d = 1.18). Tongue thickness increased from 37.1 to 40.5 mm in Group 1 (d = 1.13) and from 37.9 to 38.8 mm in Group 2 (d = 0.31). Post-intervention, Group 1 achieved greater gains than Group 2 in both strength (+3.0 kPa, d = 1.46) and thickness (+1.7 mm, d = 0.56). Dropout rates were 26.7% in Group 1 and 6.7% in Group 2.

Conclusion

TSE with an intensity of 80% 1RM was more effective than 50% 1RM in increasing tongue strength and thickness in older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia, but showed a relatively high dropout rate. Thus, it is recommended to select and apply an appropriate exercise intensity.

目的：探讨基于运动强度的舌强化运动（TSE）对老年肌肉减少性吞咽困难患者舌强度和厚度的影响。方法：将受试者随机分为第一组和第二组。组1以80%的最大1次重复（1RM）强度进行TSE治疗，90次/天，5天/周，共8周。2组与1组相比，以50% 1RM的强度进行TSE，时间和次数相同。结果测量为舌头强度、厚度和因运动依从性导致的退出率。结果：1组舌强度由16.7 kPa增加到22.1 kPa (d = 2.97)， 2组舌强度由16.9 kPa增加到19.1 kPa （d = 1.18）。1组舌厚从37.1 mm增加到40.5 mm (d = 1.13)， 2组舌厚从37.9 mm增加到38.8 mm （d = 0.31）。干预后，组1在强度（+3.0 kPa, d = 1.46）和厚度（+1.7 mm, d = 0.56）方面均优于组2。1组和2组的辍学率分别为26.7%和6.7%。结论：80% 1RM强度的TSE比50% 1RM强度的TSE对老年肌肉减少性吞咽困难患者舌强度和厚度的增加更有效，但其退出率相对较高。因此，建议选择适当的运动强度。

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引用次数: 0

Material Well-Being, Oral Health and Affordability of Dental Care in Late-Middle-Aged New Zealanders 新西兰中老年居民的物质福利、口腔健康和牙科保健的可负担性。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Gerodontology

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/ger.70018

Norhasnida Nordin, W. Murray Thomson, Jonathan M. Broadbent, Moira B. Smith, Rosemary Gibson

Background

Little is known about oral health among New Zealanders in late middle age. Planning for the needs of older people should be informed by adequate information on the oral health and dental service use of those who will be entering old age. Accordingly, we investigated material well-being-related inequalities in self-reported oral health, self-care and dental care affordability among late-middle-aged New Zealanders.

Method

This study was based on an analysis of data from the New Zealand Health, Work, and Retirement (HWR) 2016 study focused on its 6th biennial wave (2016–2018). There were 1952 participants (58% female) aged 55–64 years. Key dependent variables were self-reported oral health, chewing ability and the perceived affordability of dental care. The exposure variable of interest was material well-being, controlling for other socio-economic status (SES) measures (household income and educational qualifications). Cross-tabulations and logistic regression estimated the associations between financial and material well-being and the oral-health-related variables.

Results

Approximately 90% of participants had retained at least one natural tooth, and over half had more than 20 teeth remaining (functional dentition). Approximately 70% reported having good oral health. There were consistent gradients in self-rated oral health and dentition status by education level, household income and material well-being, with higher proportions among those who were better off. Just under one third of participants (30%) reported experiencing issues with dental care affordability. Material well-being showed the strongest associations with the abovementioned aspects of oral health and access to dental care than the other SES measures.

Conclusion

The findings provide important evidence of the association between material well-being in oral health and access to dental care.

背景：人们对新西兰人中年后期的口腔健康知之甚少。在规划老年人的需要时，应充分了解即将进入老年的人的口腔健康和牙科服务的使用情况。因此，我们调查了中老年新西兰人在自我报告的口腔健康、自我保健和牙科保健负担能力方面与物质福祉相关的不平等。方法：本研究基于新西兰健康、工作和退休（HWR） 2016年研究的数据分析，重点是其第六届两年一次的浪潮（2016-2018）。1952名参与者（58%为女性）年龄在55-64岁之间。关键的因变量是自我报告的口腔健康、咀嚼能力和牙科护理的可负担性。感兴趣的暴露变量是物质福利，控制其他社会经济地位（SES）措施（家庭收入和教育资格）。交叉表和逻辑回归估计了财务和物质健康与口腔健康相关变量之间的关联。结果：大约90%的参与者保留了至少一颗天然牙，超过一半的人保留了超过20颗牙齿（功能牙列）。大约70%的人报告口腔健康状况良好。受教育程度、家庭收入和物质福利对口腔健康和牙齿状况的自评呈一致的梯度，较富裕人群的自评比例较高。不到三分之一的参与者（30%）报告说，他们在牙科护理的负担能力方面遇到了问题。物质幸福与上述口腔健康和获得牙科护理的关系比其他SES指标最强。结论：研究结果为口腔健康物质幸福与获得牙科保健之间的关系提供了重要证据。

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引用次数: 0

Mobile Dental Radiology—Evaluation of Quality Requirements for Radiographs Applying Handheld Mobile Radiography 移动牙科放射学。应用手持式移动放射照相的放射照相质量要求的评价。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Gerodontology

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1111/ger.70023

Amina Maria Geibel, Constanze Keutel, Daniela Kildal, Margrit-Ann Geibel

Background

Radiography is required in domiciliary dentistry in order to ensure accurate diagnosis, but the available devices have not yet been approved due to a lack of research regarding the quality of single tooth radiography.

Aim

To examine dental radiographs taken using the mobile X-ray device (Nomad Pro 2, Envista, Brea, CA) with regard to their quality, examinability and their benefit for treatment planning in mobile dentistry.

Methods

The image quality of radiographs using a mobile handheld X-ray system was assessed. The quality criteria catalogue of the German Dental Association was applied.

Results

Of 127 dental radiographs, 80% (101) showed no quality defects. Diagnosis-relevant quality defects were found in 17% (21). 61% (78) of radiographs had clinically relevant secondary findings that had an influence on further dental treatment and on the prognosis of the teeth.

Conclusions

Dental care in nursing homes presents significant challenges, particularly regarding oral preventive medicine. Surgical procedures are legally contestable without dental radiology, and this raises professional and ethical concerns. Mobile dental radiology is an important component of treatment in mobile dentistry. Unexpected findings such as apical osteolysis or root remnants can only be identified and treated by means of radiography.

背景：为了确保准确的诊断，在家庭牙科中需要x线摄影，但由于缺乏关于单牙x线摄影质量的研究，可用的设备尚未获得批准。目的：检查使用移动x光设备（Nomad Pro 2, Envista, Brea， CA）拍摄的牙科x光片的质量，可检查性及其对移动牙科治疗计划的益处。方法：对移动手持x线系统拍摄的x线片图像质量进行评价。采用德国牙科协会的质量标准目录。结果：127张口腔x线片中，80%（101张）未发现质量缺陷。诊断相关的质量缺陷占17%（21）。61%（78）的x线片有临床相关的继发发现，对进一步的牙科治疗和牙齿预后有影响。结论：牙科护理在养老院提出了重大挑战，特别是在口腔预防医学。在没有牙科放射学的情况下，外科手术在法律上是有争议的，这引起了专业和道德上的关注。移动牙科放射学是移动牙科治疗的重要组成部分。意外的发现，如根尖骨溶解或根残余只能通过x线摄影识别和治疗。

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引用次数: 0

The Associations of Social Determinants and Medical Conditions With Edentulism in Indonesia's Aging Population 社会决定因素和医疗条件与印尼老年人口无牙症的关联。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Gerodontology

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1111/ger.70020

Mustika Arini, Ahmad Watsiq Maula, Rahmi Khairani Aulia, Renaissa Prithasuri Darajati, Judy Chia-Chun Yuan, Cortino Sukotjo

Objective

To describe edentulism and its associations in older adult Indonesians.

Background

Indonesia is the fourth largest population in the world, with a total population of 274.859 million people in 2022. The prevalence of edentulism was 7.2% in 2018. The population aged 60 and above was around 9.6% in 2019 and is projected to reach around 20% by 2045.

Methods

The data were obtained from the most recent Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-5), which investigated edentulism in individuals aged 65 and older. The exposure variables were social determinants of health and medical conditions, with the outcome being edentulism status. Log binomial regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratio.

Results

The overall weighted prevalence of edentulism was 15.7% (95% CI = 13.5–18.1). The sample comprised 2598 respondents aged 65 years or above. The prevalence of edentulism was 2.1 times higher in individuals over 75 years old. Higher education is linked to a lower prevalence of tooth loss. Insurance holders had a 20% lower prevalence. Hypertension increased prevalence by 20%, and chronic lung disease raised it by 1.5 times. Multivariate analysis confirmed significant interactions between education, economic status and age, affecting edentulism rates.

Conclusion

The social determinants of health (education level, economic status, insurance and age) and medical conditions influenced the prevalence of edentulism in Indonesia's aging population. Addressing these upstream factors is essential for reducing oral health disparities and improving population-level oral health outcomes.

目的：描述印度尼西亚老年人的牙长牙症及其相关性。背景：印尼是世界第四大人口大国，2022年总人口为27485.9万人。2018年，蛀牙症的患病率为7.2%。2019年，60岁及以上人口约为9.6%，预计到2045年将达到20%左右。方法：数据来自最近的印度尼西亚家庭生活调查（IFLS-5），该调查调查了65岁及以上个体的牙齿问题。暴露变量是健康和医疗状况的社会决定因素，其结果是牙齿状况。采用对数二项回归估计患病率。结果：全牙化加权患病率为15.7% （95% CI = 13.5-18.1）。样本包括2598名年龄在65岁或以上的受访者。在75岁以上的人群中，蛀牙的患病率要高出2.1倍。高等教育与较低的牙齿脱落率有关。保险持有人的患病率降低了20%。高血压的患病率增加了20%，慢性肺病的患病率增加了1.5倍。多变量分析证实，教育程度、经济状况和年龄之间存在显著的交互作用，影响蛀牙率。结论：健康的社会决定因素（教育水平、经济状况、保险和年龄）和医疗条件影响着印度尼西亚老龄人口中蛀牙症的流行。解决这些上游因素对于减少口腔健康差距和改善人口水平的口腔健康结果至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Oral Care Experiences of Home-Dwelling Frail Older Adults in Flanders, Belgium—A Qualitative Study 比利时佛兰德斯居家体弱老年人口腔护理经验：一项质性研究。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Gerodontology

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1111/ger.70022

Aster De Vleeschauwer, Ellen Baele, Fien Mertens, Natalie Hoste, Louise Poppe, Peter Pype, Barbara Janssens

Introduction

Frailty has a profound negative impact on the abilities to perform daily oral hygiene and to regularly attend a dental professional. To inform effective oral care and oral health services for older adults, this research aimed to explore frail, home-dwelling older adults' experiences, needs, and barriers to daily oral hygiene and professional care.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-seven home-dwelling frail older adults in Belgium. Interviews were analysed using a reflexive thematic approach.

Results

Three themes were identified: ‘importance of oral healthcare’; ‘performing daily oral hygiene’; and ‘seeking professional care’. All participants confirmed the importance of maintaining good oral health. Nevertheless, daily oral hygiene was often not performed as the latest guidelines recommend. Functional independence was considered an important issue, and participants expressed reluctance to ask home care nurses for help. Opinions on the usefulness of preventive dental visits were mixed.

Conclusion

The findings highlight a gap between older adults' oral health knowledge or practices and the awareness of its importance. Consequently, efforts are needed to enhance older adults' self-efficacy in oral care. Non-oral healthcare providers could play a key role in encouraging and referring older adults to oral health professionals.

简介：身体虚弱对日常口腔卫生和定期看牙医的能力有深远的负面影响。为了向老年人提供有效的口腔护理和口腔健康服务，本研究旨在探讨体弱多病的居家老年人在日常口腔卫生和专业护理方面的经历、需求和障碍。方法：对27名比利时居家体弱老年人进行半结构化访谈。访谈采用反身性专题方法进行分析。结果：确定了三个主题：“口腔保健的重要性”；“日常口腔卫生”；以及“寻求专业护理”。所有参与者都确认了保持良好口腔健康的重要性。然而，日常口腔卫生往往没有按照最新指南的建议进行。功能独立被认为是一个重要的问题，参与者表示不愿意向家庭护理护士寻求帮助。关于预防性牙科检查的有效性，人们的意见不一。结论：研究结果突出了老年人口腔健康知识或实践与其重要性意识之间的差距。因此，需要努力提高老年人口腔护理的自我效能感。非口腔保健提供者可以在鼓励和推荐老年人向口腔保健专业人员咨询方面发挥关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Caregivers' Experiences With Involuntary Oral Care for Individuals With Dementia Within the Dutch Care and Coercion Act 护理人员的经验与非自愿口腔护理的个人痴呆症在荷兰护理和强制法案。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Gerodontology

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1111/ger.70019

Maud Jonker, Coos Engelsma, David J. Manton, Anita Visser

Background

Individuals with dementia frequently show care-resistant behaviour toward the provision of oral care. Providing oral care despite care-resistant behaviour is legally considered to be involuntary oral care. In the Netherlands, the provision of involuntary oral care to incapacitated individuals with dementia is regulated by the Care and Coercion Act (CCA) since 2020.

Objective

This study aimed to assess how care providers experienced the CCA in the context of involuntary oral care for individuals with dementia.

Methods

32 one-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with different care providers involved in oral care for incapacitated individuals with dementia.

Results

Through the interviews, multiple experiences concerning the CCA were identified. These experiences were related to: (1) awareness of involuntary care, (2) implementation of the law, (3) definitions, (4) circumvention of the law and (5) responsibility for involuntary care.

Conclusion

The CCA creates awareness about involuntary oral care among care providers. However, many care providers view the legal definitions differently, causing variation in the interpretations and applications of the legislation. Also, several care providers feel that the law could result in quicker discontinuation of oral care provision. Care organisations and policymakers should provide clarity concerning the legal definitions and provide training on legislation and the provision of oral health care in cases of care-resistant behaviour.

背景：痴呆症患者经常对提供口腔护理表现出护理抵抗行为。尽管有抗拒护理的行为，但提供口腔护理在法律上被视为非自愿口腔护理。在荷兰，自2020年以来，《护理和强制法》（CCA）对向无行为能力的痴呆症患者提供非自愿口腔护理进行了监管。目的：本研究旨在评估护理提供者如何在痴呆症患者非自愿口腔护理的背景下体验CCA。方法：对32名参与失能痴呆患者口腔护理的不同护理人员进行一对一半结构化访谈。结果：通过访谈，确定了有关CCA的多个经验。这些经验涉及：(1)对非自愿护理的认识；(2)法律的实施；(3)定义；(4)规避法律；(5)非自愿护理的责任。结论：CCA提高了医护人员对非自愿口腔护理的认识。然而，许多护理提供者对法律定义的看法不同，导致立法解释和应用的差异。此外，一些护理提供者认为，法律可能导致更快地停止口腔护理提供。护理组织和决策者应明确法律定义，并提供立法培训，以及在出现抗拒护理行为的情况下提供口腔保健。

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引用次数: 0

Edentulism and Its Rehabilitation Among Older People in China 中国老年人的无牙主义及其康复。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Gerodontology

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1111/ger.70015

Qiuping Zhou, Reinhard Chun Wang Chau, Hui Min Chen, Hui Chen, Colman McGrath

Objectives

To determine the prevalence of edentulism and its rehabilitation in China's older population and describe socio-demographic differences in edentulism and rehabilitation.

Methods

Secondary analyses of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Bivariate and regression analyses were performed.

Results

The weighted prevalence of edentulism was 26.0% (95% CI 24.8–27.2). Approximately two-thirds of edentulous elders had been rehabilitated (63.6%, 95% CI 57.4–69.4). In regression analyses, older people had a higher prevalence ratio (PR) for edentulism than younger elders: PR 3.0 (95% CI 2.7–3.4) for those aged 80 and older and PR 1.9 (95% CI 1.7–2.1) for those aged 70–79, with reference to those aged 60–69. Those who had attained secondary education had a lower PR for edentulism than those with no formal education: PR 0.7 (95% CI 0.6–0.8). Those from Non-Agricultural Hukou (Urban area) had a lower PR than those from Agricultural Hukou (Rural area): PR 0.8 (95% CI 0.7, 1.0). Older adults aged 80 and above were less likely to receive denture rehabilitation compared to those aged 60–69, with a PR of 0.6 (95% CI: 0.5–0.9). In contrast, individuals with secondary education showed a greater likelihood of denture rehabilitation than those without formal education, with a PR of 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0–1.6). Additionally, non-Han ethnic groups had a slightly higher chance of denture rehabilitation compared to their Han counterparts, with a PR of 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0–1.5).

Conclusions

Approximately one in four older people in China are edentulous, and approximately two in three of them have been rehabilitated. Socio-demographic differences in edentulism rates and rates of rehabilitation are apparent. These findings reveal disparities in edentulism and denture rehabilitation among China's older adults (60+), urging targeted policies to enhance access for less-educated and rural elders while offering insights for global ageing populations.

目的：确定中国老年人口的牙牙病及其康复的患病率，并描述牙牙病和康复的社会人口差异。方法：对中国健康与退休纵向研究（CHARLS）进行二次分析。进行了双变量和回归分析。结果：全牙化加权患病率为26.0% （95% CI 24.8 ~ 27.2）。大约三分之二的无牙老年人得到了康复（63.6%,95% CI 57.4-69.4）。在回归分析中，老年人的牙髓病患病率（PR）高于年轻人：80岁及以上人群的PR为3.0 (95% CI 2.7-3.4)， 70-79岁人群的PR为1.9 (95% CI 1.7-2.1)，与60-69岁人群相比。接受过中等教育的人患蛀牙症的风险比没有接受过正规教育的人低：风险比为0.7 （95% CI 0.6-0.8）。非农业户口（城市地区）的PR低于农业户口（农村地区）的PR: PR为0.8 （95% CI 0.7, 1.0）。与60-69岁的老年人相比，80岁及以上的老年人接受假牙康复的可能性较小，PR为0.6 （95% CI: 0.5-0.9）。相比之下，受过中等教育的个体比没有受过正规教育的个体表现出更大的假牙康复的可能性，PR为1.3 （95% CI: 1.0-1.6）。此外，与汉族相比，非汉族群体的假牙康复机会略高，PR为1.2 （95% CI: 1.0-1.5）。结论：中国大约四分之一的老年人缺牙，其中大约三分之二的人已经康复。龋齿率和康复率的社会人口差异是明显的。这些研究结果揭示了中国老年人（60岁以上）在义齿治疗和义齿康复方面的差异，敦促制定有针对性的政策，提高受教育程度较低和农村老年人的获得机会，同时为全球老龄化人口提供见解。

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引用次数: 0

Measuring Dry Mouth in Older People in Residential Care 老年人在住宿护理中的口干测量。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Gerodontology

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1111/ger.70021

Farah Zahiah Ahmad Zainuddin, Guangzhao Guan, Graeme S. Ting, William Murray Thomson

Aims

To investigate and describe the concordance between salivary flow rates and xerostomia among older dependent adults, describe the association between medication use and dry mouth, and describe the impact of dry mouth on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Methods

A clinical examination survey was conducted with 50 older adults residing in residential care facilities in Dunedin, New Zealand. Xerostomia was measured using the five-item Summated Xerostomia Inventory-Dutch Version (SXI-D), and the unstimulated salivary flow rate was also measured. The clinical manifestations of oral dryness were evaluated using the Clinical Oral Dryness Scoring (CODS) scale. Medications were recorded.

Results

Participants ranged in age from 65 to 99 years (mean 83.0, SD 9.1). The prevalence of xerostomia was 34.8%, while salivary gland hypofunction (SGH) was present in 26.1%. Only 13.0% of participants had both conditions, and 52.2% had neither. A weak negative correlation was observed between the SXI-D score and salivary flow rate (r = −0.20), while a moderate positive correlation was found between the SXI-D and the CODS scale (r = 0.55). Additionally, the CODS scale showed a moderate negative correlation with the salivary flow rate (r = −0.47).

Conclusion

Dry mouth is common among older adults in residential care, but the relationship between its signs and symptoms is complex. Salivary hypofunction data alone do not fully capture the experience of oral dryness, emphasising the need for a more comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment.

目的：研究和描述老年依赖者唾液流率与口干症之间的一致性，描述药物使用与口干之间的关系，以及描述口干对口腔健康相关生活质量（OHRQoL）的影响。方法：对居住在新西兰达尼丁养老院的50名老年人进行临床检查调查。采用荷兰版五项口腔干燥量表（SXI-D）测量口腔干燥，并测量非刺激唾液流率。采用临床口腔干燥评分（CODS）量表对口腔干燥的临床表现进行评价。记录用药情况。结果：参与者年龄从65岁到99岁不等（平均83.0岁，SD 9.1）。口干的患病率为34.8%，而涎腺功能减退（SGH）的患病率为26.1%。只有13.0%的参与者两者都有，52.2%的参与者两者都没有。SXI-D评分与唾液流率呈弱负相关（r = -0.20）， SXI-D评分与CODS量表呈中度正相关（r = 0.55）。此外，CODS量表与唾液流量呈中度负相关（r = -0.47）。结论：口干在住院老年人中较为常见，但其体征和症状之间的关系较为复杂。唾液功能减退的数据本身并不能完全捕捉到口腔干燥的经验，强调需要更全面的诊断和治疗方法。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical Exposure to Visiting Dental Practice Heightens General Ageism in Dental Residents: A Longitudinal Study 一项纵向研究表明，临床接触牙科就诊加剧了牙科居民的普遍年龄歧视。

IF 1.7 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Gerodontology

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1111/ger.70017

Maya Izumi, Jumpei Kubota, Shinji Yoshii, Sumio Akifusa

Objective

While clinical training is considered a key strategy for fostering positive attitudes, the impact of exposure to older patients—particularly in home-visit dentistry—on dental residents' attitudes remains unclear. This study examines the effect of clinical training in home-visit dentistry on ageism in dental residents.

Methods

A longitudinal single-arm pre-post design was employed. The study was conducted at Kyushu Dental University from April 2024 to March 2025. A total of 63 dental residents participated at baseline. Of these, 36 (57.1%) completed all assessments and were included in the final analysis. Participants completed two validated Japanese instruments: the Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA) for general ageism and the Ageism Scale for Dental Students (ASDS) for profession-specific ageism. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Participants were categorised by number of home-visit sessions: ≤ 3 or ≥ 4 visits at 6 months, and ≤ 6 or ≥ 7 at 12 months.

Results

ASDS scores remained largely stable over a 12-month period (mean difference from baseline to 12 months: +2.0; effect size [ES] = −0.29). In contrast, FSA scores at 6 months (37.0 [23–73], ES = −1.08), and at 12 months (49.0 [25–87], ES = −2.76) were higher than the baseline median of 33.5 [14–42], indicating a very large deterioration in general ageism. FSA scores were even higher among residents with greater exposure to home-visit dentistry.

Conclusion

General ageism increased during the clinical training period, particularly among residents with greater exposure to home-visit dentistry. In contrast, profession-specific ageism remained largely unchanged.

目的：虽然临床培训被认为是培养积极态度的关键策略，但接触老年患者（特别是家访牙科）对牙科住院医师态度的影响尚不清楚。本研究探讨牙科家访临床训练对牙科住院医师年龄歧视的影响。方法：采用纵向单臂前后设计。这项研究于2024年4月至2025年3月在九州牙科大学进行。基线时共有63名牙科住院医师参与。其中36例（57.1%）完成所有评估并纳入最终分析。参与者完成了两种有效的日本工具：用于一般年龄歧视的Fraboni年龄歧视量表（FSA）和用于牙科学生年龄歧视的ASDS （ASDS）。在基线、6个月和12个月时进行评估。根据家访次数对参与者进行分类：6个月时≤3次或≥4次，12个月时≤6次或≥7次。结果：ASDS评分在12个月期间基本保持稳定（从基线到12个月的平均差异：+2.0；效应量[ES] = -0.29）。相比之下，6个月时的FSA评分（37.0 [23-73],ES = -1.08）和12个月时的FSA评分（49.0 [25-87],ES = -2.76）高于基线中位数33.5[14-42]，表明一般年龄歧视的恶化非常大。在家访牙医的居民中，FSA得分甚至更高。结论：在临床培训期间，普遍的年龄歧视有所增加，特别是在家访牙科的住院医师中。相比之下，特定职业的年龄歧视基本没有变化。

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引用次数: 0