Pub Date : 1995-11-05DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1995.482836
Victor Riley
There has been great interest lately in automation issues, spurred partly by accidents and incidents attributed to automation factors, and partly by a recognition that automation related problems can be both highly subtle and very dangerous. One of the reasons underlying automation-related problems is the relatively indiscriminate application of automation based on technological availability rather than operator need. This has placed system operators in roles that are poorly suited to human capabilities. A more productive approach to automation and humans would recognize the need to maintain appropriate roles for the human operator, the need to match automation functionality to operator tasks, the need for the human interface to make automation functions highly visible to the operator, and the potential for operator over- and under-reliance on the automation.
{"title":"What avionics engineers should know about pilots and automation","authors":"Victor Riley","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1995.482836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1995.482836","url":null,"abstract":"There has been great interest lately in automation issues, spurred partly by accidents and incidents attributed to automation factors, and partly by a recognition that automation related problems can be both highly subtle and very dangerous. One of the reasons underlying automation-related problems is the relatively indiscriminate application of automation based on technological availability rather than operator need. This has placed system operators in roles that are poorly suited to human capabilities. A more productive approach to automation and humans would recognize the need to maintain appropriate roles for the human operator, the need to match automation functionality to operator tasks, the need for the human interface to make automation functions highly visible to the operator, and the potential for operator over- and under-reliance on the automation.","PeriodicalId":125963,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 14th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126651493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-05DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1995.482919
J. Uczekaj
This paper will look at the reuse evolution of the Honeywell Flight Management System software (FMS) from the Boeing 757/767 and Airbus A310 development of the 1980's to the advanced designs of the Airbus A340 and Boeing 777 of the 1990's. This paper will explore the lessons learned and the future challenges for the development, modification and maintenance of software in a reusable environment.
{"title":"Reusable avionics software. Evolution of the flight management system","authors":"J. Uczekaj","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1995.482919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1995.482919","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will look at the reuse evolution of the Honeywell Flight Management System software (FMS) from the Boeing 757/767 and Airbus A310 development of the 1980's to the advanced designs of the Airbus A340 and Boeing 777 of the 1990's. This paper will explore the lessons learned and the future challenges for the development, modification and maintenance of software in a reusable environment.","PeriodicalId":125963,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 14th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121992874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-05DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1995.482924
J.A. Cuseo, T.J. Leidigh
NASA's Small Spacecraft Technology Initiative (SSTI) is developing two "pathfinder" spacecraft, Lewis and Clark, to demonstrate a better, faster, cheaper approach to gain valuable space science and technology. SSTI is a two year to flight program. The science instruments and several of the advanced technology demonstrations each require periods of high bandwidth telemetry. These requirements cannot all be met simultaneously with a conventional fixed telemetry stream, given the relatively low bandwidth of the communication link. A Variable Telemetry Protocol (VTP) and associated flight and ground software have been developed for the SSTI Clark program to handle the temporal variation in telemetry bandwidth during the mission. The VTP protocol is capable of modifying the content and rate of the telemetry stream based on a simple ground command. This paper will discuss the software implemented in the Command and Data Handling subsystem for the collection, storage and flow control of telemetry in a multiprocessor environment. In addition, a relational database management system will be discussed which captures all required telemetry attributes and automatically generates flight code used to setup measurement storage, processing and monitoring functions. This database also contains a built-in communication link simulation to test telemetry configurations against the capability of the communication link and associated contact profile.
{"title":"Meeting high bandwidth science and experiment telemetry requirements over a low bandwidth communication link: variable telemetry protocol","authors":"J.A. Cuseo, T.J. Leidigh","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1995.482924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1995.482924","url":null,"abstract":"NASA's Small Spacecraft Technology Initiative (SSTI) is developing two \"pathfinder\" spacecraft, Lewis and Clark, to demonstrate a better, faster, cheaper approach to gain valuable space science and technology. SSTI is a two year to flight program. The science instruments and several of the advanced technology demonstrations each require periods of high bandwidth telemetry. These requirements cannot all be met simultaneously with a conventional fixed telemetry stream, given the relatively low bandwidth of the communication link. A Variable Telemetry Protocol (VTP) and associated flight and ground software have been developed for the SSTI Clark program to handle the temporal variation in telemetry bandwidth during the mission. The VTP protocol is capable of modifying the content and rate of the telemetry stream based on a simple ground command. This paper will discuss the software implemented in the Command and Data Handling subsystem for the collection, storage and flow control of telemetry in a multiprocessor environment. In addition, a relational database management system will be discussed which captures all required telemetry attributes and automatically generates flight code used to setup measurement storage, processing and monitoring functions. This database also contains a built-in communication link simulation to test telemetry configurations against the capability of the communication link and associated contact profile.","PeriodicalId":125963,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 14th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123846025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-05DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1995.482825
J. E. Pizano
The laws of physics will necessitate that future microprocessors operate with ever decreasing power supply voltages. Smaller process technologies, higher integration, and faster internal frequencies are requiring the reduction of the power supply voltage. This paper is an insightful look at the challenges of designing with low voltage microprocessors. An embedded reference design based on a military Pentium processor is presented as a primary example. Topics included in the paper include explanation of the reasons for lowering supply voltage, techniques for interfacing devices of different voltage technologies, and the creation of an accurate low voltage power supply.
{"title":"Low voltage microprocessors, the inevitable future","authors":"J. E. Pizano","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1995.482825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1995.482825","url":null,"abstract":"The laws of physics will necessitate that future microprocessors operate with ever decreasing power supply voltages. Smaller process technologies, higher integration, and faster internal frequencies are requiring the reduction of the power supply voltage. This paper is an insightful look at the challenges of designing with low voltage microprocessors. An embedded reference design based on a military Pentium processor is presented as a primary example. Topics included in the paper include explanation of the reasons for lowering supply voltage, techniques for interfacing devices of different voltage technologies, and the creation of an accurate low voltage power supply.","PeriodicalId":125963,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 14th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132013999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-05DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1995.482918
C. Sriprasad, M. Harvey
{"title":"Dynamic Software Reconfiguration Using System-Level Management","authors":"C. Sriprasad, M. Harvey","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1995.482918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1995.482918","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":125963,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 14th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131063482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-05DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1995.482937
W. Ferzali, B. Gravante, S. Maravic, V. Zacharakis, D. Weed, R. Jones
{"title":"PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF THE FUTURE AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK AND THE INTERIM AEEC AR","authors":"W. Ferzali, B. Gravante, S. Maravic, V. Zacharakis, D. Weed, R. Jones","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1995.482937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1995.482937","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":125963,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 14th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"262 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123473024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-05DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1995.482824
T. Swanson
The technology treadmill is evolving the microprocessor at a phenomenal rate. Today's microprocessors have millions of transistors, operate at frequencies greater than 100 MHz, use process technologies with feature sizes less than 0.5 microns, and utilize sophisticated architecture techniques to maximize performance. This paper surveys the current technology trends in microprocessors. Topics include advanced architecture techniques such as superscalar, branch prediction, on-chip cache memory and also process technology improvements. Within advanced architecture and process technology there are several possible improvement techniques. Superscalar and branch prediction work in concert to reduce the time that the processor is waiting. Separating data and instruction cache, along with a larger bus size, can reduce the number of required accesses to slower system memory. Functional redundancy check reduces error rates in multiprocessor systems through redundancy. Finally, the steady improvement in process technology reduces chip size, operating voltage and power while simultaneously increasing the computation rate.
{"title":"Digital integrated circuit technology trends: microprocessors [for avionic application]","authors":"T. Swanson","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1995.482824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1995.482824","url":null,"abstract":"The technology treadmill is evolving the microprocessor at a phenomenal rate. Today's microprocessors have millions of transistors, operate at frequencies greater than 100 MHz, use process technologies with feature sizes less than 0.5 microns, and utilize sophisticated architecture techniques to maximize performance. This paper surveys the current technology trends in microprocessors. Topics include advanced architecture techniques such as superscalar, branch prediction, on-chip cache memory and also process technology improvements. Within advanced architecture and process technology there are several possible improvement techniques. Superscalar and branch prediction work in concert to reduce the time that the processor is waiting. Separating data and instruction cache, along with a larger bus size, can reduce the number of required accesses to slower system memory. Functional redundancy check reduces error rates in multiprocessor systems through redundancy. Finally, the steady improvement in process technology reduces chip size, operating voltage and power while simultaneously increasing the computation rate.","PeriodicalId":125963,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 14th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129382718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-05DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1995.482811
A. Smeyne
Tremendous strides are being made in the development of applications for high performance computing systems. One of the factors limiting further applications has been the lack of small, rugged, embeddable systems to support embedded airborne, shipboard, and landbased installations. Litton Guidance and Control Systems, with MasPar Computer Corporation, and support from the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), Computer Systems Technology Office (CSTO), are addressing this problem. Together, we are repackaging MasPar's highly successful, commercial, massively parallel processing system to minimize size and maximize survivability in severe environments. The resulting rugged high performance massively parallel processing system is software transparent with the commercial systems.
{"title":"Embeddable, commercially based, high performance computing","authors":"A. Smeyne","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1995.482811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1995.482811","url":null,"abstract":"Tremendous strides are being made in the development of applications for high performance computing systems. One of the factors limiting further applications has been the lack of small, rugged, embeddable systems to support embedded airborne, shipboard, and landbased installations. Litton Guidance and Control Systems, with MasPar Computer Corporation, and support from the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), Computer Systems Technology Office (CSTO), are addressing this problem. Together, we are repackaging MasPar's highly successful, commercial, massively parallel processing system to minimize size and maximize survivability in severe environments. The resulting rugged high performance massively parallel processing system is software transparent with the commercial systems.","PeriodicalId":125963,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 14th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128438361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-05DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1995.482821
A. Zeitlin, W. Love, J. Cieplak
The next generation of the airborne collision avoidance system, TCAS IV, will improve upon the present TCAS II in several respects. In making use of accurate satellite-based position data and air-to-air data link of intent, TCAS IV will support superior collision threat detection and resolution. Operational applications making use of cockpit-displayed traffic information should facilitate more efficient and flexible flight.
{"title":"Enhancements to the next generation collision avoidance system: opportunities for greater safety and efficiency","authors":"A. Zeitlin, W. Love, J. Cieplak","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1995.482821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1995.482821","url":null,"abstract":"The next generation of the airborne collision avoidance system, TCAS IV, will improve upon the present TCAS II in several respects. In making use of accurate satellite-based position data and air-to-air data link of intent, TCAS IV will support superior collision threat detection and resolution. Operational applications making use of cockpit-displayed traffic information should facilitate more efficient and flexible flight.","PeriodicalId":125963,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 14th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127491655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-11-05DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1995.482813
R.M. Baiada
The aviation industry has taken the first important step towards Free Flight-FAA acceptance. Free Flight is an alternative to the existing outdated approach to Air Traffic Management. It is a system wherein each aircraft is allowed to operate using the flight path, in all four dimensions, that is determined to be best suited by each individual operator or pilot for their aircraft. Free Flight would apply from gate to gate and to all aircraft, from the biggest jumbo jet to the smallest home built, including military aircraft. All users of the airspace system would benefit without regard to the airborne avionics. The installation of a computerized conflict probe alone will support enroute Free Flight to within 50 NM of hub airports, at all altitudes, using current separation standards. This can be accomplished by 1998.
{"title":"Free Flight: reinventing ATC-digital avionics a non-solution","authors":"R.M. Baiada","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1995.482813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1995.482813","url":null,"abstract":"The aviation industry has taken the first important step towards Free Flight-FAA acceptance. Free Flight is an alternative to the existing outdated approach to Air Traffic Management. It is a system wherein each aircraft is allowed to operate using the flight path, in all four dimensions, that is determined to be best suited by each individual operator or pilot for their aircraft. Free Flight would apply from gate to gate and to all aircraft, from the biggest jumbo jet to the smallest home built, including military aircraft. All users of the airspace system would benefit without regard to the airborne avionics. The installation of a computerized conflict probe alone will support enroute Free Flight to within 50 NM of hub airports, at all altitudes, using current separation standards. This can be accomplished by 1998.","PeriodicalId":125963,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 14th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130982348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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