Frontiers in Psychiatry最新文献

Introduction: Depression levels are significantly higher among people with substance use disorder (SUD) than in the general population; however, studies on the level of subthreshold depression in this population are scarce. Research shows a significant correlation between self-acceptance and depression, with social support playing a key role in the process of recovery and social reintegration for people with SUD. This study aimed to explore the effects of self-acceptance, perceived social support, and stereotype threat of people with SUD on their subthreshold depression, as well as potential mediating and buffering effects.

Methods: This study was conducted from January-March 2024. 1068 drug addicts (548 males and 520 females) were recruited in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. After signing informed consent, their psychometric data were obtained using the Self-acceptance Questionnaire (SAQ), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Drug Use Stereotype Threat Scale (DSTS) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D). Gender and group differences in relevant scale dimensions were explored. Linear regression models were used to assess the relationships between PSSS, SAQ, and DSTS scores and subthreshold depression in male and female participants. Bootstrap mediation effect tests were used to further test the mediation effect of drug use stereotype threat and perceived social support between self-acceptance and subthreshold depression. Line graphs were used to show the buffering effect of perceived social support on the relationship between self-acceptance and subthreshold depression in different groups.

Results: The results showed that,gender, HIV-positive or not, education and monthly income level affect subthreshold depression in patients with SUD. Negative correlation between self-acceptance and subthreshold depression among SUD patients. Furthermore, perceived social support and substance use stereotypes threatmediated the relationship between self-acceptance and subthreshold depression, respectively, forming a parallel mediating relationship. Results exploring the buffering effect of perceived social support by subgroup showed that the buffering effect of perceived social support on subthreshold depression was most pronounced in the HIV-negative and and female groups. Social support, group stereotypes discrimination affect the mental health of sud patients.

Discussion: Our study provides theoretical support for the alleviation of subthreshold depression among people with SUD, realizing that self-acceptance, perceived social support and reduction of drug use stereotype threat can be a psychoprotective factor for people with SUD.

Child-to-parent violence (CPV) encompasses behaviors such as hitting, insulting, or threatening parents. Over the past decade, the number of CPV cases has increased significantly. While previous research has largely focused on classifying CPV behaviors and examining their causes, there is limited investigation into what happens immediately after CPV episodes. This study aims to describe the behaviors of adolescents following violent actions in both mild and severe cases of CPV. A randomized sample of 1,067 Spanish adolescents, participating in a national CPV project, was studied using the Child-to-Parent Aggression Questionnaire. Among them, 410 adolescents (41.91% boys and 57.84% girls) reported engaging in some form of CPV behavior in the past year, and 47 adolescents met the criteria for severe and repeated CPV. Specifically, 26 adolescents exhibited psychological and 27 exhibited physical CPV toward their mother, while 21 adolescents exhibited psychological and 15 physical CPV toward their father. Adolescents were asked, "What do you do after?" Following thematic analysis, adolescents' responses were categorized into 6 themes and 17 sub-themes in mild cases. A possible sequence in adolescents' responses was identified, divided into three phases. In the first phase, adolescents felt bad after their violent behavior, expressed remorse, reflected on it, and sought a safe place. In the second phase, apologizing to parents was the most common response, reported by 70.52% of adolescents. Finally, in the third phase, in addition to apologizing, adolescents attempted to talk with their parents, gave them a hug, or committed to not repeating the behavior. In contrast, 8% of adolescents normalized their behavior, joked about it, or justified their actions. In severe cases, most subthemes were consistent with those observed in mild CPV cases. However, in contrast to milder cases, severe cases showed a lower percentage of adolescents who felt bad or apologized and a higher proportion who normalized, avoided talking about, or justified their violent actions (23.4% of adolescents with severe CPV). This study highlights practical implications for interventions, such as the importance of helping them express their emotions, recognize the harm caused, identify safe spaces, people, or activities, and support them in the process of apologizing.

Objective: This study examined the relationships between teacher competency, occupational stress, emotional exhaustion, sense of professional achievement, and work engagement among secondary school physical education teachers. It also investigated demographic differences in these variables and tested the structural invariance of the proposed model across genders.

Method: A total of 1,347 secondary school physical education teachers participated in the study, completing validated scales to measure the key constructs and providing demographic information such as gender, age, education level, professional title, and school location. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM). Mediation effects were assessed through bootstrapping, and structural invariance was tested using multigroup SEM.

Results: Demographic analyses revealed significant differences. Male teachers reported higher competency, professional achievement, and engagement, while female teachers experienced slightly greater emotional exhaustion. Younger teachers and those with lower professional titles reported higher occupational stress and emotional exhaustion. Rural and urban teachers exhibited comparable levels of most variables, except for urban teachers reporting slightly higher emotional exhaustion. Teacher competency directly influenced work engagement (28.27% of the total effect) and indirectly through occupational stress, emotional exhaustion, and professional achievement, with professional achievement being the strongest mediator (25.97% of the total effect). Sequential mediation pathways involving these factors were significant but weaker in magnitude. Structural invariance analysis confirmed that the model was consistent across genders, demonstrating robust applicability across male and female teacher populations.

Conclusion: Teacher competency is a key driver of work engagement, operating through both direct and indirect mechanisms, particularly by alleviating occupational stress and enhancing professional achievement. These findings underscore the importance of interventions aimed at fostering teacher well-being, including stress management programs and professional development opportunities, while addressing demographic-specific needs. Future research should employ longitudinal designs and consider additional contextual factors to extend these findings.

Background: Left-behind children in China face challenges in sleep patterns, technology use, and mental health. This study uses an individual-centered approach to derive behavioral profiles associated with depressive symptoms.

Methods: Data from 131,586 left-behind children aged 8 to 18 years from the Chinese Psychological Health Guard for Children and Adolescents Project were analyzed. Participants were recruited from 569 centers across schools, community institutes, orphanages, and children's hospitals throughout China. Latent class analysis was conducted using weekday and weekend sleep duration and smartphone use as indicators. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).

Results: Four distinct classes emerged: Sufficient Sleep Low Users (23.6%), Moderate Sleep Medium Users (25.2%), Limited Sleep High Users (22.1%), and Healthy Sleep Low Users (29.2%). Significant differences in CES-D scores were found between classes (F(3, 131579) = 4929, p <.001, η² = 0.101). The Limited Sleep High Users class reported the highest levels of depressive symptoms (M = 11.60, SE = 0.0658), while the Sufficient Sleep Low Users class reported the lowest (M = 3.67, SE = 0.0346). A linear relationship between sleep duration and depressive symptoms was observed. Significant weekday-weekend differences in smartphone use were noted in the unhealthy categories.

Conclusions: This study reveals complex associations between sleep patterns, smartphone use, and depressive symptoms among left-behind children. The identified behavioral profiles provide insights into population heterogeneity and inform targeted intervention strategies. Findings emphasize the importance of addressing both sleep and technology use in mental health initiatives for this vulnerable population.

Background: Electroencephalogram (EEG) microstates, which reflect large-scale resting-state networks of the brain, have been proposed as potential endophenotypes for methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). However, current endophenotypes lack refinement at the frequency band level, limiting their precision in identifying key frequency bands associated with MUD.

Methods: In this study, we investigated EEG microstate dynamics across various frequency bands and different tasks, utilizing machine learning to classify MUD and healthy controls.

Results: During the resting state, the highest classification accuracy for detecting MUD was 85.5%, achieved using microstate parameters in the alpha band. Among these, the coverage of microstate class A contributed the most, suggesting it as the most promising endophenotype for specifying MUD.

Discussion: We accurately categorize the endophenotype of MUD into different sub-frequency bands, thereby providing reliable biomarkers.

Background: Attitudes influence how individuals interact toward older people, which in turn impacts the way people care for them. This is a key factor to consider for future health professionals who will frequently work with older individuals. This issue has been approached by simply quantifying these attitudes (negative, neutral, or positive). However, this work aims to not only quantify these attitudes but to study other associated variables and develop a predictive model of positive attitudes toward the older people in a sample of Spanish university students of health care careers.

Methods: A total of 338 students were surveyed using a sociodemographic questionnaire and two validated scales: the Spanish versions of the Kogan Scale of Attitudes toward Older People (KAOP) and the Global Assessment of Character Strengths-24 (GACS-24). This study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional, ex post facto design, with data analyzed through correlation and regression techniques to identify predictors of positive attitudes toward older adults.

Results: The results exhibited significantly positive attitudes toward older people. The analysis identified "love" (a character strength) and "interest in aging issues" as significant predictors of these attitudes.

Conclusions: This study concludes that positive attitudes toward older adults are significantly associated with the character strength of 'love' and 'interest in aging issues,' highlighting the importance of these variables in shaping attitudes among future health professionals.

The role of smoke-free alternatives to cigarettes for tobacco harm reduction remains controversial. This study was conducted to understand the perspectives of a panel of Italian experts on this topic. Using Delphi consensus methodology, expert opinions on the use of smoke-free alternatives, tobacco harm reduction and anti-smoking legislation were gathered and analyzed. In July 2022, a Scientific Committee, including five members, proposed 38 statements spanning three areas: (1) harm from tobacco smoking and strategies for harm reduction; (2) smoke-free alternatives to cigarettes; and (3) anti-smoking legislation. Between August and November 2022, the Expert Panel, including members of the Scientific Committee and 15 other key opinion leaders, voted on the statements in two rounds. Consensus was achieved on 24 of 38 statements. The results emphasized the persistent national health threat posed by tobacco smoking in Italy, with a smoking prevalence of 20-24% between 2007 and 2022. Emphasizing harm reduction as a pivotal public healthcare strategy, the Expert Panel agreed on 10 statements related to smoke-free alternatives, but underlined the need for further research despite promising initial findings. The Expert Panel also reached consensus on six statements regarding anti-smoking legislation, stressing the importance of crafting and upholding rigorous anti-smoking laws that are consistent with World Health Organization guidelines. This pioneering Delphi consensus statement illuminates the complicated debate regarding the role of smoke-free alternatives for tobacco harm reduction in Italy. The findings highlight the evolving nature and advocate the need for ongoing discussions and further research on this important issue.

Background: The Framingham Steatosis Index (FSI) serves as a diagnostic metric for fatty liver. While research has established a link between depression and fatty liver, the association with the Framingham Steatosis Index (FSI) remains undocumented. The aim of this study is to explore the potential correlation between FSI and depression, addressing this research void.

Methods: Our data originates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. We employed the PHQ-9 questionnaire for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. We investigated the association between FSI and depression using a weighted multiple logistic regression model and stratified analysis. Non-linear associations were explored using fitted smooth curves. A recursive method was employed to identify inflection points. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine differences in the association between FSI and depression within subgroups.

Results: Our research encompassed a total of 19,697 participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounding factors, demonstrated a significant positive association between FSI and depression, with OR of 1.14 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.18). Stratified analysis indicated that a significant positive correlation exists between FSI and depression among all groups except those with BMI below 30. The non-linear relationship was further confirmed by the restricted cubic splines analysis, which revealed an inflection point at an FSI value of 29.72. Below this threshold, there was no significant correlation, while above it, a positive correlation was observed. Subgroup analysis revealed statistically significant interactions between FSI and depression within the educational attainment groups.

Conclusion: Our study's discovery is the curvilinear relationship between FSI and depression. Factors such as inflammation, hormonal levels, and metabolic disruptions could be the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship. This finding offers valuable insights that could inform the development of comprehensive intervention strategies for managing depression in clinical settings.

Introduction: Medical risk factors and psychological distress are important targets for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). The multicenter randomized controlled TEACH study is the first trial testing a blended collaborative care (BCC) intervention vs. usual care in a cohort of only patients with CHD. The current manuscript analyzes the availability of distressed CHD patients for a BCC intervention trial and the baseline risk profile of the randomized cohort, especially focusing on sex differences.

Methods: Hospitalized CHD patients with positive HADS and/or PSS-4 screening were rescreened three months later and those still distressed were offered participation in the RCT if they had insufficiently controlled medical risk factors (smoking, physical inactivity, elevated blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and/or HbA1c). The current manuscript describes the TEACH screening process and presents baseline data of the randomized cohort.

Results: Of 2,785 screened patients, 457 patients with persistent distress and insufficiently controlled risk factors were randomized. Older age and lower distress but not sex independently predicted dropout before randomization. In the randomized cohort (mean age 62.9 ± 9.5 years, 77.4% men), women were older than men (p=0.025), more likely to be retired (52.4% vs. 38.6%; p=0.012) and to live without a partner (48.6% vs. 24.8%, p<0.001). Compared to men, they had lower diastolic blood pressure (p=0.003) but higher rates of physical inactivity (56.0% vs. 41.8%; p=0.012) and positive family history of premature atherosclerotic disease (45.7% vs. 29.8%; p=0.009). They also had a lower rate of previous coronary bypass surgery (21.0% vs. 39.2%, p<0.001). A mental disorder had been diagnosed in 54% of all randomized patients and 42% had previously received mental health treatment, both reported substantially more frequently by women than men (both p<0.001). Satisfaction with care before the trial did not differ by sex but was far lower for psychosocial care than for treatment of heart disease (p<0.001).

Discussion: TEACH enrolled a patient sample with persisting distress and a typical risk factor profile. Women differed from men in relevant aspects of their RF profiles and mental health and should receive special attention in future analyses and treatment planning for patients with CHD.

Clinical trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register, https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00020824, identifier DRKS00020824.