Neşe AKPINAR KOCAKULAK, M. Karakuş, Soner Akkurt, N. Özdemir, F. Koca
Increasing evidence of exercise induced oksidative damage and impairment of athlete performance spurs extensive research on the evaluation of muscle protection by antioxidant supplementation in exercise. Many studies have identified the potential antioxidant effect of polyphenols, a large groupof natural compounds found in foods and beverages. The aim of our study is to investigate whether dark chocolate, which has been consumed in recent years due to its positive effects on human healty, has an effect on oxidant and antioxidant stress parameters. Twenty male kickboxers, aged between 19-24, who attended the National Team camp without any health problems, were included in the study. On the first day of the camp, after the height and weight measurements of all the athletes, 10 cc venous blood samples were taken. Afterwards, the athletes were randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 people as Chocolate Receiving Group (ÇK) and Control Group (KG). The CC group was fed 40 grams of dark chocolate at 09:00 in the morning before the training, but the KG was not given chocolate. All the athletes did high-intensity kickboxing training for 1 hour each in the morning and afternoon. At 18:00 in the evening, 10 cc blood samples were taken again, centrifuged, and the serums were separated and stored at -80 °C. To determine oxidant stress; malondialdehyde (MDA), to determine antioxidant capacity; Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSPH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values were measured by spectrophotometric method. After it was determined that the data showed normal distribution, the paired t test was performed. Our findings did not show a significant change in GSPH, MDA, TAC values, although there were increases and decreases in both the control group and the chocolate group. It was observed that only SOD values were significantly effective in whether the athletes took chocolate or not. As a result, regular exercise is more effective than dark chocolate in improving antioxidant capacity. Key words: exercise, dark chocolate, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, kick boxing
{"title":"The Effect of Dark Chocolate on Oxidative Stress Parameters After High-Intensity Kickboxing Training","authors":"Neşe AKPINAR KOCAKULAK, M. Karakuş, Soner Akkurt, N. Özdemir, F. Koca","doi":"10.25307/jssr.1210569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1210569","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing evidence of exercise induced oksidative damage and impairment of athlete performance spurs extensive research on the evaluation of muscle protection by antioxidant supplementation in exercise. Many studies have identified the potential antioxidant effect of polyphenols, a large groupof natural compounds found in foods and beverages. The aim of our study is to investigate whether dark chocolate, which has been consumed in recent years due to its positive effects on human healty, has an effect on oxidant and antioxidant stress parameters. Twenty male kickboxers, aged between 19-24, who attended the National Team camp without any health problems, were included in the study. On the first day of the camp, after the height and weight measurements of all the athletes, 10 cc venous blood samples were taken. Afterwards, the athletes were randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 people as Chocolate Receiving Group (ÇK) and Control Group (KG). The CC group was fed 40 grams of dark chocolate at 09:00 in the morning before the training, but the KG was not given chocolate. All the athletes did high-intensity kickboxing training for 1 hour each in the morning and afternoon. At 18:00 in the evening, 10 cc blood samples were taken again, centrifuged, and the serums were separated and stored at -80 °C. To determine oxidant stress; malondialdehyde (MDA), to determine antioxidant capacity; Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSPH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values were measured by spectrophotometric method. After it was determined that the data showed normal distribution, the paired t test was performed. Our findings did not show a significant change in GSPH, MDA, TAC values, although there were increases and decreases in both the control group and the chocolate group. It was observed that only SOD values were significantly effective in whether the athletes took chocolate or not. As a result, regular exercise is more effective than dark chocolate in improving antioxidant capacity. \u0000Key words: exercise, dark chocolate, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, kick boxing","PeriodicalId":126066,"journal":{"name":"Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134646926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eating disorder has become an increasingly common problem among athletes. This study aims to determine eating disorder levels and risk factors of students studying sports education. This study was carried out on 1773 university students, 1084 (61.1%) of whom are female and 689 (38.9%) male, in the field of sports education in different provinces in Turkey. The information of the participants was collected with an individual information form and an Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). All EDEQ sub-dimension scores and the total score were found to be statistically significantly higher in males than in females (p <0.05) except for the restraint score. It was found that, as BMI (Body Mass Index) value increased, there was a statistically significant increase in all sub-dimensions of EDEQ and EDEQ total score (p<0.05). Eating concern and shape concern scores were found to be statistically higher in those who did not perform physical activities than those who performed physical activities (respectively; p=0.030, p=0.004). An increase in the EDE-Q score indicates an increased risk of eating disorders. It can be said that being a male, having a high BMI, and engaging in strength/power sports increase the risk of eating disorders in individuals who receive sports education.
饮食失调已经成为运动员中越来越普遍的问题。本研究旨在了解体育教育专业学生饮食失调水平及危险因素。本研究对土耳其不同省份体育教育领域的1773名大学生进行了研究，其中1084名(61.1%)为女性，689名(38.9%)为男性。通过个人信息表和饮食失调检查问卷(ed - q)收集参与者的信息。除约束分外，男性EDEQ各子维度得分及总分均显著高于女性(p <0.05)。结果发现，随着BMI (Body Mass Index)值的升高，EDEQ各子维度及EDEQ总分均有统计学意义的升高(p<0.05)。研究发现，不进行体育锻炼的人的饮食担忧和体形担忧得分在统计上高于进行体育锻炼的人(分别;p = 0.030, p = 0.004)。ed - q分数的增加表明饮食失调的风险增加。可以说，作为男性，拥有高BMI，以及从事力量/力量运动增加了接受体育教育的个体饮食失调的风险。
{"title":"Determination of Eating Disorders Level and Risk Factors of University Students Studying Sports Education","authors":"G. Eskici, M. Çolak, Y. Arslan, H. Yarar","doi":"10.25307/jssr.1207992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1207992","url":null,"abstract":"Eating disorder has become an increasingly common problem among athletes. This study aims to determine eating disorder levels and risk factors of students studying sports education. This study was carried out on 1773 university students, 1084 (61.1%) of whom are female and 689 (38.9%) male, in the field of sports education in different provinces in Turkey. The information of the participants was collected with an individual information form and an Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). All EDEQ sub-dimension scores and the total score were found to be statistically significantly higher in males than in females (p <0.05) except for the restraint score. It was found that, as BMI (Body Mass Index) value increased, there was a statistically significant increase in all sub-dimensions of EDEQ and EDEQ total score (p<0.05). Eating concern and shape concern scores were found to be statistically higher in those who did not perform physical activities than those who performed physical activities (respectively; p=0.030, p=0.004). An increase in the EDE-Q score indicates an increased risk of eating disorders. It can be said that being a male, having a high BMI, and engaging in strength/power sports increase the risk of eating disorders in individuals who receive sports education.","PeriodicalId":126066,"journal":{"name":"Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125082385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Araştırma spor bilimleri alanından mezun olacak öğrencilerin istihdam amaçlı iş başvurularında Gençlik Spor Bakanlığının (GSB) kurumsal imajının işe başvurma niyetine etkisinde kişi-iş uyumunun rolünü belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla oluşturulan araştırma modeli yapısal eşitlik modeliyle test edilmiştir. Araştırma kolayda örneklem yöntemi ile 7 farklı coğrafi bölgeden 18 üniversitenin 3. ve 4. sınıfta öğrenim gören öğrencilerinden oluşturulan örneklem (n=407) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin elde edilmesinde Saks ve Ashforth (2002) tarafından geliştirilen dört maddeli tek boyutlu kişi-iş uyumu ölçeği, Lemmink ve diğerleri (2003) tarafından kullanılan kurumsal imaj ölçeği, Rau ve Hyland (2002) tarafından ortaya atılan Cable ve Judge (1994) ile Honeycutt ve Rosen (1997) tarafından geliştirilen örgütsel çekicilik ölçeği, Herdman ve Carlson (2009) tarafından geliştirilen işe başvurma niyeti ölçeği ve Gomes ve Neves (2011) tarafından geliştirilen tanınırlık ölçeğinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde güvenilirlik analizi, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve yol analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; kurumsal imajın örgütün sektör tanınırlığını artırdığı, çekiciliğin işe başvurma niyetinde olan ilişkide önemli ölçüde etkiye sahip olduğu ifade edilebilir. Sonuç olarak belirlenen değişkenlerden tanınırlık, kişi-iş uyumu ve kurum imajının işe başvurma niyeti ile orta ve yüksek düzeyde ilişkili olduğu, çekiciliğin ise bu ilişkide aracı rol oynadığı belirlenmiştir.
{"title":"Gençlik Spor Bakanlığının Kurumsal İmajının İşe Başvurma Niyetine Etkisinde Kişi-İş Uyumunun Aracı Rolü","authors":"Mustafa Ertan Tabuk","doi":"10.25307/jssr.1270449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1270449","url":null,"abstract":"Araştırma spor bilimleri alanından mezun olacak öğrencilerin istihdam amaçlı iş başvurularında Gençlik Spor Bakanlığının (GSB) kurumsal imajının işe başvurma niyetine etkisinde kişi-iş uyumunun rolünü belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla oluşturulan araştırma modeli yapısal eşitlik modeliyle test edilmiştir. Araştırma kolayda örneklem yöntemi ile 7 farklı coğrafi bölgeden 18 üniversitenin 3. ve 4. sınıfta öğrenim gören öğrencilerinden oluşturulan örneklem (n=407) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin elde edilmesinde Saks ve Ashforth (2002) tarafından geliştirilen dört maddeli tek boyutlu kişi-iş uyumu ölçeği, Lemmink ve diğerleri (2003) tarafından kullanılan kurumsal imaj ölçeği, Rau ve Hyland (2002) tarafından ortaya atılan Cable ve Judge (1994) ile Honeycutt ve Rosen (1997) tarafından geliştirilen örgütsel çekicilik ölçeği, Herdman ve Carlson (2009) tarafından geliştirilen işe başvurma niyeti ölçeği ve Gomes ve Neves (2011) tarafından geliştirilen tanınırlık ölçeğinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde güvenilirlik analizi, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve yol analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; kurumsal imajın örgütün sektör tanınırlığını artırdığı, çekiciliğin işe başvurma niyetinde olan ilişkide önemli ölçüde etkiye sahip olduğu ifade edilebilir. Sonuç olarak belirlenen değişkenlerden tanınırlık, kişi-iş uyumu ve kurum imajının işe başvurma niyeti ile orta ve yüksek düzeyde ilişkili olduğu, çekiciliğin ise bu ilişkide aracı rol oynadığı belirlenmiştir.","PeriodicalId":126066,"journal":{"name":"Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122530214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Match analysis is a method used to evaluate and improve teams' game understanding, tactical structure, and individual-based player performances. Today, with match analysis methods, coaches can make detailed analyzes of both their own teams, rival teams and individual athletes. This present study aims to develop a scale for match analysis. Within the scope of this objective, an item pool consisting of 51 items was created by the researchers, and a 47-item scale was drafted by excluding 4 items in line with expert opinions. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency analysis and test-retest reliability methods were used for statistical purposes. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a measurement structure was obtained consisting of 4 sub-scales and a total of 22 items. The fit indices of the scale were evaluated within the relevant reference range. The reliability of the scale was examined by test-retest method and internal consistency analysis. As a result, the stability coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.792 and the Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient as 0.911. Internal consistency analysis results showed that the items had high reliability. The current scale has a 7-point Likert-type rating. There are negative items in the scale. In this context, these items should be reversed when scoring. It was concluded that the scale developed is a reliable and valid measurement tool.
{"title":"Scale Development Study on Match Analysis","authors":"Oğuz Gürkan, Çağdaş Caz, Oktay Çoban","doi":"10.25307/jssr.1192886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1192886","url":null,"abstract":"Match analysis is a method used to evaluate and improve teams' game understanding, tactical structure, and individual-based player performances. Today, with match analysis methods, coaches can make detailed analyzes of both their own teams, rival teams and individual athletes. This present study aims to develop a scale for match analysis. Within the scope of this objective, an item pool consisting of 51 items was created by the researchers, and a 47-item scale was drafted by excluding 4 items in line with expert opinions. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency analysis and test-retest reliability methods were used for statistical purposes. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a measurement structure was obtained consisting of 4 sub-scales and a total of 22 items. The fit indices of the scale were evaluated within the relevant reference range. The reliability of the scale was examined by test-retest method and internal consistency analysis. As a result, the stability coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.792 and the Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient as 0.911. Internal consistency analysis results showed that the items had high reliability. The current scale has a 7-point Likert-type rating. There are negative items in the scale. In this context, these items should be reversed when scoring. It was concluded that the scale developed is a reliable and valid measurement tool.","PeriodicalId":126066,"journal":{"name":"Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132211450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bu çalışma 8-10 yaş aralığındaki ilkokul öğrencilerine uygulanan 8 haftalık cimnastik ve taekwondo antrenmanlarının denge, esneklik ve sıçrama parametrelerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya toplamda 30 öğrenci katıldı ve öğrenciler rastgele yöntemle cimnastik grubu (CG=10, X̄yaş=8.70±0,48), taekwondo grubu (TG=10, X̄yaş=8,20±0,42) ve kontrol grubu (KG=10, X̄yaş=9,50±0,52) olarak ayrıldı. CG ve TG 48 saat aralıklarla haftada 2 gün ve toplamda 8 hafta boyunca branşa özgü antrenmanlarını gerçekleştirdi. KG ise 8 hafta boyunca herhangi bir sportif aktiviteye katılmadı. Performansların değerlendirilmesi için katılımcılara Y dinamik denge testi, esneklik testi ve dikey sıçrama testi 8 haftanın öncesinde ve sonrasında uygulandı. Verilerin normallik dağılımını belirlemek için Shapiro-Wilk testi uygulandı. Verilerin normal dağılım göstermesi üzerine grup içi farkı belirlemek için Paired Sample T Test, gruplar arasındaki farkın belirlenebilmesi için ise Independent Sample T Test kullanıldı. Çalışma sonucunda CG ve TG’nin grup içi esneklik ve sıçrama ön ve test sonuçlarında anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilirken (p<0,05), KG’de ise anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Grupların alt ve üst ekstremite dinamik denge grup içi karşılaştırma sonuçlarında CG lehine anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmasına karşın, TG’nin sadece sağ bacak anterior değerinde anlamlı farklılık tespit edildi (p<0,05). KG’de ise herhangi bir anlamlı farklılık bulunmadı. Gruplar arası karşılaştırma sonucunda alt ekstremite sol bacak composite değişkeninde CG lehine anlamlı bir fark tespit edilirken (p<0,05), diğer bütün değişkenlerde istatistiksel açıdan bir fark bulunmadı. Cimnastik antrenmanlarının taekwondo antrenmanlarına kıyasla denge, esneklik ve dikey sıçrama parametreleri üzerinde olumlu etkisinin daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna varıldı.
{"title":"The Effect of Gymnastics and Taekwondo Trainings on Balance, Flexibility and Jumping Parameters in Primary School Students","authors":"İsmail Çi̇çek","doi":"10.25307/jssr.1215446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1215446","url":null,"abstract":"Bu çalışma 8-10 yaş aralığındaki ilkokul öğrencilerine uygulanan 8 haftalık cimnastik ve taekwondo antrenmanlarının denge, esneklik ve sıçrama parametrelerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya toplamda 30 öğrenci katıldı ve öğrenciler rastgele yöntemle cimnastik grubu (CG=10, X̄yaş=8.70±0,48), taekwondo grubu (TG=10, X̄yaş=8,20±0,42) ve kontrol grubu (KG=10, X̄yaş=9,50±0,52) olarak ayrıldı. CG ve TG 48 saat aralıklarla haftada 2 gün ve toplamda 8 hafta boyunca branşa özgü antrenmanlarını gerçekleştirdi. KG ise 8 hafta boyunca herhangi bir sportif aktiviteye katılmadı. Performansların değerlendirilmesi için katılımcılara Y dinamik denge testi, esneklik testi ve dikey sıçrama testi 8 haftanın öncesinde ve sonrasında uygulandı. Verilerin normallik dağılımını belirlemek için Shapiro-Wilk testi uygulandı. Verilerin normal dağılım göstermesi üzerine grup içi farkı belirlemek için Paired Sample T Test, gruplar arasındaki farkın belirlenebilmesi için ise Independent Sample T Test kullanıldı. Çalışma sonucunda CG ve TG’nin grup içi esneklik ve sıçrama ön ve test sonuçlarında anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilirken (p<0,05), KG’de ise anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Grupların alt ve üst ekstremite dinamik denge grup içi karşılaştırma sonuçlarında CG lehine anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmasına karşın, TG’nin sadece sağ bacak anterior değerinde anlamlı farklılık tespit edildi (p<0,05). KG’de ise herhangi bir anlamlı farklılık bulunmadı. Gruplar arası karşılaştırma sonucunda alt ekstremite sol bacak composite değişkeninde CG lehine anlamlı bir fark tespit edilirken (p<0,05), diğer bütün değişkenlerde istatistiksel açıdan bir fark bulunmadı. Cimnastik antrenmanlarının taekwondo antrenmanlarına kıyasla denge, esneklik ve dikey sıçrama parametreleri üzerinde olumlu etkisinin daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna varıldı.","PeriodicalId":126066,"journal":{"name":"Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116810826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erhan Işikdemi̇r, Süleyman Özkürkçü, Sevket Cihat Özer
Goals are the most important criterion in determining the outcome of a football match. Therefore, analyzing tactical behaviors before and during goals is crucial. The aim of this study is to classify the goals scored in the 2020–2021 football season in the Turkish Super League (TSL), English Premier League (EPL), and French League 1 (FL1) according to technical and tactical criteria and to reveal the differences and similarities between the leagues. The scope of the research consists of a total of 3209 goals scored in 1180 football matches played in 3 different European Leagues (Turkish Super League, English Premier League, and French League 1) in the 2020–2021 season. Each goal was classified according to the minute interval it was scored, the area where the attacking move started, the number of touches by the player before scoring, and the goals scored from set pieces. The frequency and percentage distributions of all data were calculated separately for each league. According to the results obtained, the most goals were scored in the TSL (f: 1136 goals), while the least goals were scored in the EPL (f: 1024 goals). Looking at the distribution of total goals by minute intervals, the most goals were scored in the last quarter of the game in TSL (f:199; %17.5), EPL (f:166; %16.2), and FL1 (f:186; %17.7), while the least goals were scored in the added time of the first half. When looking at the number of touches by the player who scored the goal, it was found that the most goals were scored with one touch. Regarding the direction of the attacking move, it was observed that the rate of goals scored after wing attacks was lower in FL1 than in TSL and EPL, but the number of goals scored from central attacks was higher. According to the results, it is understood that the teams in the leagues have different game structures, which are decisive in determining the goal criteria. However, evaluating physical game features together with technical and tactical criteria will help to better understand the differences and similarities between the leagues.
{"title":"Technical Analysis of The Goals Scored in 3 Different European Leagues in The 2020-2021 Football Season","authors":"Erhan Işikdemi̇r, Süleyman Özkürkçü, Sevket Cihat Özer","doi":"10.25307/jssr.1292528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1292528","url":null,"abstract":"Goals are the most important criterion in determining the outcome of a football match. Therefore, analyzing tactical behaviors before and during goals is crucial. The aim of this study is to classify the goals scored in the 2020–2021 football season in the Turkish Super League (TSL), English Premier League (EPL), and French League 1 (FL1) according to technical and tactical criteria and to reveal the differences and similarities between the leagues. The scope of the research consists of a total of 3209 goals scored in 1180 football matches played in 3 different European Leagues (Turkish Super League, English Premier League, and French League 1) in the 2020–2021 season. Each goal was classified according to the minute interval it was scored, the area where the attacking move started, the number of touches by the player before scoring, and the goals scored from set pieces. The frequency and percentage distributions of all data were calculated separately for each league. According to the results obtained, the most goals were scored in the TSL (f: 1136 goals), while the least goals were scored in the EPL (f: 1024 goals). Looking at the distribution of total goals by minute intervals, the most goals were scored in the last quarter of the game in TSL (f:199; %17.5), EPL (f:166; %16.2), and FL1 (f:186; %17.7), while the least goals were scored in the added time of the first half. When looking at the number of touches by the player who scored the goal, it was found that the most goals were scored with one touch. Regarding the direction of the attacking move, it was observed that the rate of goals scored after wing attacks was lower in FL1 than in TSL and EPL, but the number of goals scored from central attacks was higher. According to the results, it is understood that the teams in the leagues have different game structures, which are decisive in determining the goal criteria. However, evaluating physical game features together with technical and tactical criteria will help to better understand the differences and similarities between the leagues.","PeriodicalId":126066,"journal":{"name":"Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121945936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sporcular üzerinde yaratılan başarı baskısı taraftar, medya, politik yapılar, sponsor gelirleri, antrenör gibi dışsal faktörlerle birlikte sporcuları başarının zorunluluğu bu baskıyı arttırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, profesyonel voleybolcuların fair play kavramına yönelik düşünce ve deneyimleriyle yükledikleri anlamların metaforlar vasıtasıyla ortaya çıkarılması bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya 2022-2023 sezonunda Türkiye voleybol üst liglerinde profesyonel olarak voleybol oynayan 27 erkek 12 kadın toplamda 39 profesyonel voleybolcu katılmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji (olgu bilim) deseni kullanılmıştır. Verilerin elde edilmesinde iki kısımdan oluşan, araştırmacı ve uzman görüşüne başvurularak oluşturulan bir form kullanılmıştır. İlk kısım, katılımcıların demografik bilgilerini içermekte, ikinci kısım ise fair play kavramına ilişkin voleybolcuların algılarını belirlemek amacıyla "Fair play... gibi/benzer; çünkü..." ifadesini tamamlandığı bölümü içermektedir. Araştırmanın verilerinin analizi, içerik analiz tekniği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz süreci, öncelikle 1'den 39'a kadar numaralandırılan metaforların tek tek incelenmesi ve kodlanması, metaforların ifade ettiği anlamlara göre kod listesi arasındaki ilişkilere bakılarak, verilerin anlamlı hale getirilmesi ve en uygun kategorilere ulaşılması şeklinde gerçekleşmiştir. Sporcuların bakış açıları incelendiğinde oluşturulan metaforların “dürüstlük unsuru olma”, “saygı unsuru olma”, “inanç unsuru olma”, “karakter unsuru olma” ve “yardımlaşma/takım çalışması unsuru” temaları altında toplandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sporculuğun ilk yıllarından itibaren verilecek fair play eğitimlerinin yaygınlaştırılması ve olumlu davranışların ödüllendirilerek teşvik edilmesi ve medyanın da bu konu üstünde yoğunlaşarak paylaşımlarda bulunması fair play ruhuna yakışır davranışların yaygınlaşmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
{"title":"Profesyonel Voleybolcuların Fair Play Algısı","authors":"Aylin Özge Pekel","doi":"10.25307/jssr.1295663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1295663","url":null,"abstract":"Sporcular üzerinde yaratılan başarı baskısı taraftar, medya, politik yapılar, sponsor gelirleri, antrenör gibi dışsal faktörlerle birlikte sporcuları başarının zorunluluğu bu baskıyı arttırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, profesyonel voleybolcuların fair play kavramına yönelik düşünce ve deneyimleriyle yükledikleri anlamların metaforlar vasıtasıyla ortaya çıkarılması bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya 2022-2023 sezonunda Türkiye voleybol üst liglerinde profesyonel olarak voleybol oynayan 27 erkek 12 kadın toplamda 39 profesyonel voleybolcu katılmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji (olgu bilim) deseni kullanılmıştır. Verilerin elde edilmesinde iki kısımdan oluşan, araştırmacı ve uzman görüşüne başvurularak oluşturulan bir form kullanılmıştır. İlk kısım, katılımcıların demografik bilgilerini içermekte, ikinci kısım ise fair play kavramına ilişkin voleybolcuların algılarını belirlemek amacıyla \"Fair play... gibi/benzer; çünkü...\" ifadesini tamamlandığı bölümü içermektedir. Araştırmanın verilerinin analizi, içerik analiz tekniği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz süreci, öncelikle 1'den 39'a kadar numaralandırılan metaforların tek tek incelenmesi ve kodlanması, metaforların ifade ettiği anlamlara göre kod listesi arasındaki ilişkilere bakılarak, verilerin anlamlı hale getirilmesi ve en uygun kategorilere ulaşılması şeklinde gerçekleşmiştir. Sporcuların bakış açıları incelendiğinde oluşturulan metaforların “dürüstlük unsuru olma”, “saygı unsuru olma”, “inanç unsuru olma”, “karakter unsuru olma” ve “yardımlaşma/takım çalışması unsuru” temaları altında toplandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sporculuğun ilk yıllarından itibaren verilecek fair play eğitimlerinin yaygınlaştırılması ve olumlu davranışların ödüllendirilerek teşvik edilmesi ve medyanın da bu konu üstünde yoğunlaşarak paylaşımlarda bulunması fair play ruhuna yakışır davranışların yaygınlaşmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.","PeriodicalId":126066,"journal":{"name":"Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116461978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The primary aim of this study was to investigate relationships between the muscular force in the isometric bench press and squat movements and the Wingate anaerobic test (WanT) results for the upper and lower body. Secondary purpose was to investigate possible correlations between the WanT and the explosive isometric force. Eighteen healthy male volunteer athletes (age: 23.37 ± 1.65, height: 178.37 ± 5.67, body mass; 76.69 ± 3.73) with at least 2 years of strength training participated in the study. During the two test sessions, one-repetition maximum (1-RM), isometric squat and isometric bench press tests and anaerobic power tests with Wingate anaerobic power and arm ergometer were performed. Results of the study showed a high degree of correlation between isometric squat (Squatiso) and lower body Peak Power and Average Power (r (14) = 0.766, p < 0.001 and r (14) = 0.690, p < 0.003 respectively). However, there was no significant relationship between Squatiso and Fatigue Index (FI) (p > 0.05). In isometric bench press, there was also a high level of correlation between upper body peak power and average power (r (14) = 0.620, p < 0.01 and r (14) = 0.749, p < 0.001 respectively). These data can be used to classify the power capabilities of the athletes and determining the training loads to be used in achieving the training goals. In addition, periodic measurements of the maximum power and strength performances of the athletes with field tests and laboratory test batteries according to the characteristics of the sports branch can also provide significant contributions to the coaches and researchers.
本研究的主要目的是研究等长卧推和深蹲运动中的肌肉力量与上半身和下半身的温盖特无氧测试(WanT)结果之间的关系。次要目的是研究WanT和爆炸等距力之间可能的相关性。健康男性志愿运动员18名(年龄:23.37±1.65，身高:178.37±5.67，体重;76.69±3.73)，至少2年力量训练者参加研究。在两个测试阶段中，进行了一次最大重复(1-RM)、等距深蹲和等距卧推测试以及用Wingate无氧功率和臂功计进行的无氧功率测试。研究结果显示，等距深蹲(Squatiso)与下体峰值功率和平均功率高度相关(r (14) = 0.766, p < 0.001; r (14) = 0.690, p < 0.003)。然而，Squatiso与疲劳指数(FI)之间无显著相关(p < 0.05)。在等长卧推中，上半身峰值功率与平均功率也存在较高的相关性(r (14) = 0.620, p < 0.01, r (14) = 0.749, p < 0.001)。这些数据可以用来对运动员的力量能力进行分类，并确定为实现训练目标而使用的训练负荷。此外，根据运动分支的特点，通过现场测试和实验室测试电池，定期测量运动员的最大功率和力量表现，也可以为教练员和研究人员提供重要的贡献。
{"title":"The Relationship Between the Force Production in the Isometric Squat and Bench Press Exercises and the Lower and Upper Body Anaerobic Power Parameters","authors":"Faik Vural, B. Erman, M. Özkol, Tolga Akşit","doi":"10.25307/jssr.1232424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1232424","url":null,"abstract":"The primary aim of this study was to investigate relationships between the muscular force in the isometric bench press and squat movements and the Wingate anaerobic test (WanT) results for the upper and lower body. Secondary purpose was to investigate possible correlations between the WanT and the explosive isometric force. Eighteen healthy male volunteer athletes (age: 23.37 ± 1.65, height: 178.37 ± 5.67, body mass; 76.69 ± 3.73) with at least 2 years of strength training participated in the study. During the two test sessions, one-repetition maximum (1-RM), isometric squat and isometric bench press tests and anaerobic power tests with Wingate anaerobic power and arm ergometer were performed. Results of the study showed a high degree of correlation between isometric squat (Squatiso) and lower body Peak Power and Average Power (r (14) = 0.766, p < 0.001 and r (14) = 0.690, p < 0.003 respectively). However, there was no significant relationship between Squatiso and Fatigue Index (FI) (p > 0.05). In isometric bench press, there was also a high level of correlation between upper body peak power and average power (r (14) = 0.620, p < 0.01 and r (14) = 0.749, p < 0.001 respectively). These data can be used to classify the power capabilities of the athletes and determining the training loads to be used in achieving the training goals. In addition, periodic measurements of the maximum power and strength performances of the athletes with field tests and laboratory test batteries according to the characteristics of the sports branch can also provide significant contributions to the coaches and researchers.","PeriodicalId":126066,"journal":{"name":"Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130531370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of using different masks on respiratory parameters such as maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and running distance. Twenty men aged 18-22 who exercised regularly four days a week participated in the study. The participants VO2max values with the astrand test, respiratory parameters with the spirometer, SpO2 with the oximeter, and running distances with the 20m shuttle run test were determined three times on different days, without mask, with the surgical mask and with the N95 mask. In repeated measurements, Friedman Test was used to determine the difference between the measurements. After the exercises, it was determined that the VO2max values, respiratory parameters, and SpO2 measurements without mask were statistically significantly higher than the measurements with N95 masks. It was also determined that the running distance decreased after the use of surgical masks and N95 masks while N95 masks caused a higher decrease. Masks should not be used in exercises performed outdoors and in places with little contact, gymnasium, etc. In closed areas, it may be recommended to use surgical masks. Considering the changes in all the parameters measured, it is not appropriate to exercise with N95 masks.
{"title":"Covid-19 Pandemisinde Egzersizde Cerrahi ve N95 Yüz Maskesi Kullanımının Fizyolojik Etkileri","authors":"Zait Burak Aktuğ, Serkan İbiş, Necdet Eray Pi̇şki̇n, Gönül Yavuz, Z. Kutlu","doi":"10.25307/jssr.1231926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1231926","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of using different masks on respiratory parameters such as maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and running distance. Twenty men aged 18-22 who exercised regularly four days a week participated in the study. The participants VO2max values with the astrand test, respiratory parameters with the spirometer, SpO2 with the oximeter, and running distances with the 20m shuttle run test were determined three times on different days, without mask, with the surgical mask and with the N95 mask. In repeated measurements, Friedman Test was used to determine the difference between the measurements. After the exercises, it was determined that the VO2max values, respiratory parameters, and SpO2 measurements without mask were statistically significantly higher than the measurements with N95 masks. It was also determined that the running distance decreased after the use of surgical masks and N95 masks while N95 masks caused a higher decrease. Masks should not be used in exercises performed outdoors and in places with little contact, gymnasium, etc. In closed areas, it may be recommended to use surgical masks. Considering the changes in all the parameters measured, it is not appropriate to exercise with N95 masks.","PeriodicalId":126066,"journal":{"name":"Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130752296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The researchers stated that self-talk affects performance. According to researchers, it can be said that positive self-talk can improve performance and have a more positive impact on the results obtained. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to analyze the self-talk (cognitive and motivational) in the snatch, clean and jerk movements of elite weightlifters. This research is applied in terms of purposeful sampling and descriptive comparative in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the present study included adolescent weightlifters and adults. Eligible people who volunteered to participate in the study were selected through the virtual groups of this field. And they answered the self-talk questionnaire in sports by Zervas et al., (2007). To determine the sample size, the number of 5 to 10 times the questions, the statistical sample was selected. Multivariate variance analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data in the research. The findings showed that cognitive and motivational self-talk was preferable in adult weightlifters than in adolescents. There is a significant difference between the self-talk of elite weightlifters based on the snatch, clean, and jerk movements. In general conclusion, it should be stated that to train a full-fledged athlete in this Olympic field, in addition to basic and strength training, psychological training such as self-talk training should be done for the athletes of this field.
研究人员表示，自言自语会影响表现。根据研究人员的研究，可以说积极的自我对话可以提高绩效，并对获得的结果产生更积极的影响。因此，本研究的目的是分析优秀举重运动员抓举、挺举动作中的自我对话(认知和动机)。本研究在数据收集方面采用有目的抽样和描述性比较的方法。本研究的统计人群包括青少年举重运动员和成年人。自愿参加研究的合格人员是通过该领域的虚拟小组选出的。并回答了Zervas et al.(2007)的体育自我对话问卷。确定样本量，题数为5 ~ 10倍，选取统计样本。采用多元方差分析和验证性因子分析对研究数据进行分析。研究结果表明，成年举重运动员的认知和动机性自我对话比青少年更可取。优秀举重运动员在抓举、挺举和挺举动作上的自我对话有很大的不同。总的来说，应该说，要在这个奥运领域培养一名成熟的运动员，除了基础训练和力量训练外，还应该对这个领域的运动员进行心理训练，如自我对话训练。
{"title":"An Analytical Study of Self-Talk (Cognitive and Motivational) in the Snatch, Clean, and Jerk Movements of Elite Weightlifters","authors":"A. Azimkhani, Rasoul Kasraei̇","doi":"10.25307/jssr.1210449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1210449","url":null,"abstract":"The researchers stated that self-talk affects performance. According to researchers, it can be said that positive self-talk can improve performance and have a more positive impact on the results obtained. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to analyze the self-talk (cognitive and motivational) in the snatch, clean and jerk movements of elite weightlifters. This research is applied in terms of purposeful sampling and descriptive comparative in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the present study included adolescent weightlifters and adults. Eligible people who volunteered to participate in the study were selected through the virtual groups of this field. And they answered the self-talk questionnaire in sports by Zervas et al., (2007). To determine the sample size, the number of 5 to 10 times the questions, the statistical sample was selected. Multivariate variance analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data in the research. The findings showed that cognitive and motivational self-talk was preferable in adult weightlifters than in adolescents. There is a significant difference between the self-talk of elite weightlifters based on the snatch, clean, and jerk movements. In general conclusion, it should be stated that to train a full-fledged athlete in this Olympic field, in addition to basic and strength training, psychological training such as self-talk training should be done for the athletes of this field.","PeriodicalId":126066,"journal":{"name":"Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114632958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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