Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412693
M. Mansouri, H. Snoussi, C. Richard
We consider the problem of target tracking in wireless sensor networks where the nonlinear observed system is assumed to progress respecting to a probabilistic state space model. This proposition improves the use of the variational filtering (VF) by jointly estimating the target position and optimizing the power scheduling, where the sensor observations are corrupted by additive noises and attenuated by path-loss coefficient. In fact, the quantized variational filtering (QVF) has been shown to be adapted to the communication constraints of sensor networks. Its efficiency relies on the fact that the online update of the filtering distribution and its compression are executed simultaneously. We first optimize quantization for reconstructing a single sensors measurement, and developing the optimal number of quantization levels as well as the minimal power transmitted by sensors under distortion constraint. Then we estimate the path-loss coefficient by maximizing the a posteriori distribution and the target position by using the QVF. The simulation results prove that the adaptive power optimization algorithm, outperforms both the QVF algorithm using uniform power level and the VF algorithm based on binary sensors.
{"title":"A nonlinear estimation for target tracking in wireless sensor networks using quantized variational filtering","authors":"M. Mansouri, H. Snoussi, C. Richard","doi":"10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412693","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the problem of target tracking in wireless sensor networks where the nonlinear observed system is assumed to progress respecting to a probabilistic state space model. This proposition improves the use of the variational filtering (VF) by jointly estimating the target position and optimizing the power scheduling, where the sensor observations are corrupted by additive noises and attenuated by path-loss coefficient. In fact, the quantized variational filtering (QVF) has been shown to be adapted to the communication constraints of sensor networks. Its efficiency relies on the fact that the online update of the filtering distribution and its compression are executed simultaneously. We first optimize quantization for reconstructing a single sensors measurement, and developing the optimal number of quantization levels as well as the minimal power transmitted by sensors under distortion constraint. Then we estimate the path-loss coefficient by maximizing the a posteriori distribution and the target position by using the QVF. The simulation results prove that the adaptive power optimization algorithm, outperforms both the QVF algorithm using uniform power level and the VF algorithm based on binary sensors.","PeriodicalId":126072,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Conference on Signals, Circuits and Systems (SCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130394405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5414191
K. Volkan Dalmisli, Berna Ors
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) maintains safety and is used for providing security since publishing date. At the present day, crypto devices are produced in order to be smaller and faster. So, AES chips should not only use very small area, but also have enough throughput. In this paper, we present an 8-bit implementation of the AES algorithm which encrypts plaintext with 14.3 Mbps throughput and lays on 4300 GE on ASIC and 299 slices on FPGA devices. We use only one s-box and a quarter mix column modules as significant points.
{"title":"Design of new tiny circuits for AES encryption algorithm","authors":"K. Volkan Dalmisli, Berna Ors","doi":"10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5414191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5414191","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) maintains safety and is used for providing security since publishing date. At the present day, crypto devices are produced in order to be smaller and faster. So, AES chips should not only use very small area, but also have enough throughput. In this paper, we present an 8-bit implementation of the AES algorithm which encrypts plaintext with 14.3 Mbps throughput and lays on 4300 GE on ASIC and 299 slices on FPGA devices. We use only one s-box and a quarter mix column modules as significant points.","PeriodicalId":126072,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Conference on Signals, Circuits and Systems (SCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114182750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5414217
Frank Wessely, R. Endres, U. Schwalke
Damascene-Metal-Gate technology gives rise to the implementation of crystalline gate dielectrics into modern MOS devices. Evaluation of the scalability of this fabrication process is important for a subsequent use in industrial-scale fabrication. Devices were processed on ultrathin Unibond SOI-Wafers. A high-K specially designed layout was patterned onto the substrates via mix and match electron-beam / UV lithography. A gate length of ∼100nm was chosen for a first approach. Reactive ion etching was performed for dummy gate and active area formation. Subsequently the surface was planarized via chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). In the following the dummy gate was removed, and in one case replaced with molecular beam epitaxially grown crystalline gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) and on the other case with thermally grown SiO2 as reference material. Palladium was used as source/drain- and gate-metallisation. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were carried out for process monitoring. Especially the dummy gate formation, subsequent CMP and cleaning processes, as well as the dummy gate removal and the conformity of the replacement gate stack are of particular interest.
{"title":"Scaling the Damascene-Metal-Gate integration process via electron beam lithography","authors":"Frank Wessely, R. Endres, U. Schwalke","doi":"10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5414217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5414217","url":null,"abstract":"Damascene-Metal-Gate technology gives rise to the implementation of crystalline gate dielectrics into modern MOS devices. Evaluation of the scalability of this fabrication process is important for a subsequent use in industrial-scale fabrication. Devices were processed on ultrathin Unibond SOI-Wafers. A high-K specially designed layout was patterned onto the substrates via mix and match electron-beam / UV lithography. A gate length of ∼100nm was chosen for a first approach. Reactive ion etching was performed for dummy gate and active area formation. Subsequently the surface was planarized via chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). In the following the dummy gate was removed, and in one case replaced with molecular beam epitaxially grown crystalline gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) and on the other case with thermally grown SiO2 as reference material. Palladium was used as source/drain- and gate-metallisation. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were carried out for process monitoring. Especially the dummy gate formation, subsequent CMP and cleaning processes, as well as the dummy gate removal and the conformity of the replacement gate stack are of particular interest.","PeriodicalId":126072,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Conference on Signals, Circuits and Systems (SCS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122666518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412330
J. Ferron, L. Anghel, R. Leveugle, A. Bocquillon, F. Miller, G. Mantelet
The interest for SRAM based FPGAs has increased in the last few years in embedded systems, due to cost and reconfigurability motivations. Such systems may operate in harsh environments with for example ionizing radiations, and the application may require a high level of dependability. When the FPGAs are not developed on radiation-hardened technologies, using them in critical applications requires evaluating the consequences of modifications in their configuration. This paper summarizes an approach to evaluate at design time the criticality of the various bits in the configuration file of such a FPGA. Results are given on an Atmel component and comparisons are made with experimental results based on laser fault injections and proton ground tests.
{"title":"A methodology and tool for predictive analysis of configuration bit criticality in SRAM-based FPGAS: Experimental results","authors":"J. Ferron, L. Anghel, R. Leveugle, A. Bocquillon, F. Miller, G. Mantelet","doi":"10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412330","url":null,"abstract":"The interest for SRAM based FPGAs has increased in the last few years in embedded systems, due to cost and reconfigurability motivations. Such systems may operate in harsh environments with for example ionizing radiations, and the application may require a high level of dependability. When the FPGAs are not developed on radiation-hardened technologies, using them in critical applications requires evaluating the consequences of modifications in their configuration. This paper summarizes an approach to evaluate at design time the criticality of the various bits in the configuration file of such a FPGA. Results are given on an Atmel component and comparisons are made with experimental results based on laser fault injections and proton ground tests.","PeriodicalId":126072,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Conference on Signals, Circuits and Systems (SCS)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123035134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412703
M. Baldi, F. Chiaraluce, Noureddine Boujnah, R. Garello
This paper investigates some theoretical issues related with the truncation of maximum length sequences. It is shown that truncation can have a significant impact on the autocorrelation properties, mining the applicability of these sequences in practical applications. First and second order statistics for the autocorrelation function are considered, and some new relations are presented that simplify computation. As an example of practical impairment, we focus on space communication links and we consider the changes that occur in the transmitted waveform power spectral density when truncated sequences are used for data randomization.
{"title":"Impact of truncation on the statistical properties of LFSR sequences","authors":"M. Baldi, F. Chiaraluce, Noureddine Boujnah, R. Garello","doi":"10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412703","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates some theoretical issues related with the truncation of maximum length sequences. It is shown that truncation can have a significant impact on the autocorrelation properties, mining the applicability of these sequences in practical applications. First and second order statistics for the autocorrelation function are considered, and some new relations are presented that simplify computation. As an example of practical impairment, we focus on space communication links and we consider the changes that occur in the transmitted waveform power spectral density when truncated sequences are used for data randomization.","PeriodicalId":126072,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Conference on Signals, Circuits and Systems (SCS)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123875574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412478
A. Rae, A. Khamis, O. Basir, M. Kamel
We present a method for audio-visual speaker detection and tracking in a smart meeting room environment based on bearing measurements and particle filtering. Bearing measurements are determined using the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) of the acoustic signal reaching a pair of microphones, and by tracking facial regions in images from monocular cameras. A particle filter is used to sample the space of possible speaker locations within the meeting room, and to fuse the bearing measurements from auditory and visual sources. The proposed system was tested in a video messaging scenario, using a single participant seated in front of a screen to which a camera and microphone pair are attached. The experimental results show that the accuracy of speaker tracking using bearing measurements is related to the location of the speaker relative to the locations of the camera and microphones, which can be quantified using a parameter known as Dilution of Precision.
{"title":"Particle filtering for bearing-only audio-visual speaker detection and tracking","authors":"A. Rae, A. Khamis, O. Basir, M. Kamel","doi":"10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412478","url":null,"abstract":"We present a method for audio-visual speaker detection and tracking in a smart meeting room environment based on bearing measurements and particle filtering. Bearing measurements are determined using the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) of the acoustic signal reaching a pair of microphones, and by tracking facial regions in images from monocular cameras. A particle filter is used to sample the space of possible speaker locations within the meeting room, and to fuse the bearing measurements from auditory and visual sources. The proposed system was tested in a video messaging scenario, using a single participant seated in front of a screen to which a camera and microphone pair are attached. The experimental results show that the accuracy of speaker tracking using bearing measurements is related to the location of the speaker relative to the locations of the camera and microphones, which can be quantified using a parameter known as Dilution of Precision.","PeriodicalId":126072,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Conference on Signals, Circuits and Systems (SCS)","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121251503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412534
A. A. Baker, Boris Milanovic, Qi Wang
Parallel and distributed algorithms constitute an advanced topic in theoretical and practical computer science that has gained much interest recently. It is generally known that studying and teaching the fundamentals of parallel algorithm's concepts present a constant challenge to both learners and educators. Due to the additional abstract concepts applied in the implementation of parallel algorithms, designing visualisations of parallel algorithms is far more arduous than visualising sequential algorithms (single process). At the same time, the pedagogical gain of parallel algorithm visualisations is much higher than that of sequential ones. In this paper we introduce a new approach to minimising the effort needed to create effective visual simulations of parallel and distributed algorithms.
{"title":"An approach for facilitating the development of visual simulations of parallel and distributed algorithms","authors":"A. A. Baker, Boris Milanovic, Qi Wang","doi":"10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412534","url":null,"abstract":"Parallel and distributed algorithms constitute an advanced topic in theoretical and practical computer science that has gained much interest recently. It is generally known that studying and teaching the fundamentals of parallel algorithm's concepts present a constant challenge to both learners and educators. Due to the additional abstract concepts applied in the implementation of parallel algorithms, designing visualisations of parallel algorithms is far more arduous than visualising sequential algorithms (single process). At the same time, the pedagogical gain of parallel algorithm visualisations is much higher than that of sequential ones. In this paper we introduce a new approach to minimising the effort needed to create effective visual simulations of parallel and distributed algorithms.","PeriodicalId":126072,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Conference on Signals, Circuits and Systems (SCS)","volume":"28 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121015440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412216
Yun-Qian Miao, A. Khamis, M. Kamel
This paper reviews coordinated motion control strategies of mobile sensors in mobile surveillance systems. Mobile surveillance systems include a vast array of mobile sensing nodes with varying sensing modalities that can sense continuously the volume of interest. These distributed nodes are capable of sensing, processing, mobilization and communication with other nodes. One of the fundamental problems of mobile surveillance systems is how to coordinate these distributed nodes in such a way that they can move together in concert. Based on the nature of the surveillance task, three coordinated motion control strategies are described. These strategies are direct control, intentional control and emergent control.
{"title":"Coordinated motion control of mobile sensors in surveillance systems","authors":"Yun-Qian Miao, A. Khamis, M. Kamel","doi":"10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412216","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews coordinated motion control strategies of mobile sensors in mobile surveillance systems. Mobile surveillance systems include a vast array of mobile sensing nodes with varying sensing modalities that can sense continuously the volume of interest. These distributed nodes are capable of sensing, processing, mobilization and communication with other nodes. One of the fundamental problems of mobile surveillance systems is how to coordinate these distributed nodes in such a way that they can move together in concert. Based on the nature of the surveillance task, three coordinated motion control strategies are described. These strategies are direct control, intentional control and emergent control.","PeriodicalId":126072,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Conference on Signals, Circuits and Systems (SCS)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125713717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412351
N. B. Ameur, Maher Soyah, N. Masmoudi, M. Loulou
This paper describes a synthesis design from the MATLAB model into VHDL of a digital interpolation filter algorithm, used in a Δ-Σ Digital-to-Analog converter (DAC), intended for Professional digital audio system. The whole filter system simulation, VHDL implementation and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) verification are processing. The Register Transfer Level (RTL) simulation result show an achieving a high resolution of a 22.5-bit at a switching rate of 8.192 MHz and a small area less than 50% of the total chip. Timing analysis indicates any violation of temporal constraints and the worst-case maximum clock speed of the design can attain a 500 MHz.
{"title":"FPGA implementation of polyphase decomposed FIR filters for interpolation used in Δ-Σ audio DAC","authors":"N. B. Ameur, Maher Soyah, N. Masmoudi, M. Loulou","doi":"10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412351","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a synthesis design from the MATLAB model into VHDL of a digital interpolation filter algorithm, used in a Δ-Σ Digital-to-Analog converter (DAC), intended for Professional digital audio system. The whole filter system simulation, VHDL implementation and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) verification are processing. The Register Transfer Level (RTL) simulation result show an achieving a high resolution of a 22.5-bit at a switching rate of 8.192 MHz and a small area less than 50% of the total chip. Timing analysis indicates any violation of temporal constraints and the worst-case maximum clock speed of the design can attain a 500 MHz.","PeriodicalId":126072,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Conference on Signals, Circuits and Systems (SCS)","volume":"329 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123703608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412340
L. Meddeber, N. Berrached
We present in this article two complete procedures to solve some problems of the road networks. First, we must start with a process of road networks extraction based on the fuzzy clustering unsupervised approaches, and then we apply another approach for the local registration and deformation of a cartographic and a satellite road networks. For this aim, the idea is to segment first the sensed data and to recognize the basic urban classes (vegetation, roads, and other sectors). Then, starting from these classes, we extract the structures and the infrastructures interest by applying two algorithms of road network extraction (The Connectivity Weighted Hough Transform (CWHT), and the Regularised Shortest-Path Extraction (RSPE)), their different capabilities are applied for the characterization of streets with different width and shape. Finally, the proposed local registration method consists in translating the cartographic data into a graph model, and then defining Markov random fields (MRF) to fit the graph and the satellite image.
{"title":"Development of a fuzzy inference and Markovian system for the local registration of satellite and cartographic images","authors":"L. Meddeber, N. Berrached","doi":"10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSCS.2009.5412340","url":null,"abstract":"We present in this article two complete procedures to solve some problems of the road networks. First, we must start with a process of road networks extraction based on the fuzzy clustering unsupervised approaches, and then we apply another approach for the local registration and deformation of a cartographic and a satellite road networks. For this aim, the idea is to segment first the sensed data and to recognize the basic urban classes (vegetation, roads, and other sectors). Then, starting from these classes, we extract the structures and the infrastructures interest by applying two algorithms of road network extraction (The Connectivity Weighted Hough Transform (CWHT), and the Regularised Shortest-Path Extraction (RSPE)), their different capabilities are applied for the characterization of streets with different width and shape. Finally, the proposed local registration method consists in translating the cartographic data into a graph model, and then defining Markov random fields (MRF) to fit the graph and the satellite image.","PeriodicalId":126072,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Conference on Signals, Circuits and Systems (SCS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121726980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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