Electronic toll collection with reflective Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) tags in the vehicle windshield is a commercial reality, with proven reliability and cost effectiveness. Reflective tag technology enhances the selectivity for reading only the closest of several tags in the reader's field, as well as reducing tag complexity and cost. The advantages of reflective tag technology can be retained for the vehicle-to-roadside radio link of IVHS with a simple ASK radio link used for roadside-to-vehicle transmissions. System capability and reliability could be improved with the IVHS antenna designed into the vehicle structure. Usable vehicle speed and required RF power trade off against message length, making it necessary to use message data bits as efficiently as possible.
{"title":"Advances in practical implementation of AVI systems","authors":"A. Koelle","doi":"10.4271/912847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912847","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic toll collection with reflective Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) tags in the vehicle windshield is a commercial reality, with proven reliability and cost effectiveness. Reflective tag technology enhances the selectivity for reading only the closest of several tags in the reader's field, as well as reducing tag complexity and cost. The advantages of reflective tag technology can be retained for the vehicle-to-roadside radio link of IVHS with a simple ASK radio link used for roadside-to-vehicle transmissions. System capability and reliability could be improved with the IVHS antenna designed into the vehicle structure. Usable vehicle speed and required RF power trade off against message length, making it necessary to use message data bits as efficiently as possible.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123304147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS) can be used to collect and disseminate dynamic information about travel times on highway links. One of the potential uses of these systems is to manage incidents. The objective of this research is to show under what incident conditions is it relevant to provide real time traffic information to travellers. A model that uses graphical queueing techniques is utilized to define cases when ATIS is beneficial and cases when it is not, and to evaluate its benefits as measured by travel time savings. The model is applied to a simple road network with two parallel bottlenecks. We analyze an off-peak incident scenario where a user optimal strategy is implemented to disseminate information only to vehicles equipped with ATIS. The different cases of queue evolution that can result are described, benefits to guided and unguided travellers and the sensitivity of benefits to relevant parameters are also analyzed. It is found that once equilibrium is reached between alternate routes, the rate of diversion from one to the other has to be decreased to maintain it. The implication is that during equilibrium some guided travellers will be diverted to the alternate route while others will be asked to stay on the route where the incident has occurred. It is also found that as long as the fraction of vehicles equipped with ATIS is below a critical value, pc, then the benefits to a guided traveller are maximum and are not affected by the amount of guided traffic. However, benefits to a guided traveller decline when the fraction of guided traffic becomes larger than pc. The critical value, pc, does not depend on incident parameters but it is a function of capacity of the alternate route and corridor demand. System benefits also increase to a maximum as the fraction of guided traffic approaches pcand become constant when this fraction is larger than pc. Therefore, under user optimal strategy, if the fraction of vehicles equipped with ATIS is equal to pcbenefits to guided traffic and to the system are maximized simultaneously. The research need is to develop a methodology which can find practical estimates of pcto be used in large scale simulations of real life networks.
{"title":"Incident management with advanced traveller information systems","authors":"H. Al-Deek, A. Kanafani","doi":"10.4271/912798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912798","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS) can be used to collect and disseminate dynamic information about travel times on highway links. One of the potential uses of these systems is to manage incidents. The objective of this research is to show under what incident conditions is it relevant to provide real time traffic information to travellers. A model that uses graphical queueing techniques is utilized to define cases when ATIS is beneficial and cases when it is not, and to evaluate its benefits as measured by travel time savings. The model is applied to a simple road network with two parallel bottlenecks. We analyze an off-peak incident scenario where a user optimal strategy is implemented to disseminate information only to vehicles equipped with ATIS. The different cases of queue evolution that can result are described, benefits to guided and unguided travellers and the sensitivity of benefits to relevant parameters are also analyzed. It is found that once equilibrium is reached between alternate routes, the rate of diversion from one to the other has to be decreased to maintain it. The implication is that during equilibrium some guided travellers will be diverted to the alternate route while others will be asked to stay on the route where the incident has occurred. It is also found that as long as the fraction of vehicles equipped with ATIS is below a critical value, pc, then the benefits to a guided traveller are maximum and are not affected by the amount of guided traffic. However, benefits to a guided traveller decline when the fraction of guided traffic becomes larger than pc. The critical value, pc, does not depend on incident parameters but it is a function of capacity of the alternate route and corridor demand. System benefits also increase to a maximum as the fraction of guided traffic approaches pcand become constant when this fraction is larger than pc. Therefore, under user optimal strategy, if the fraction of vehicles equipped with ATIS is equal to pcbenefits to guided traffic and to the system are maximized simultaneously. The research need is to develop a methodology which can find practical estimates of pcto be used in large scale simulations of real life networks.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"321 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122706402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The image processing technology using ITV cameras has been developed as a new type of sensor which can be used for many purposes. Especially, it is hopeful that the improvement of the traffic flow measuring system applying this technology can increase safety in tunnels on expressways. In this paper, we describe about the results of the development of this technology until present. And, the prospect in the future.
{"title":"In-tunnel traffic flow measuring system using ITV cameras","authors":"Kenichi Yoshino, Masahiro Miyahara, Kunio Sakai, Yoshiyuki Ito, Takao Negishi","doi":"10.4271/912770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912770","url":null,"abstract":"The image processing technology using ITV cameras has been developed as a new type of sensor which can be used for many purposes. Especially, it is hopeful that the improvement of the traffic flow measuring system applying this technology can increase safety in tunnels on expressways. In this paper, we describe about the results of the development of this technology until present. And, the prospect in the future.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121452405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses what signal control can do for VNIS as well as what VNIS can do for signal control, with emphasis on the latter. It discusses the implications of VNIS information for signal optimization. Specifically it evaluates VNIS as a catalyst for traffic control, estimating the contribution to real-time signal optimization provided by various levels of VNIS-equipped drivers. It recommends that studies be conducted to provide quantitative estimates of the practical utility of lead time in predicting time of arrival to a signalized intersection, and of contributions provided by a VNIS system as a function of density of VNIS beacons and percent of VNIS-equipped drivers. The value of VNIS information to traffic control, in conjunction with and as a replacement for fixed-location traffic detection can aid in the design of an ultimate VNIS system, and helps to justify costs that can be related and allocated to the various benefits that VNIS provides to the traffic control element.
{"title":"A role for VNIS in real-time control of signalized networks?","authors":"S. Yagar, E. Case","doi":"10.4271/912866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912866","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses what signal control can do for VNIS as well as what VNIS can do for signal control, with emphasis on the latter. It discusses the implications of VNIS information for signal optimization. Specifically it evaluates VNIS as a catalyst for traffic control, estimating the contribution to real-time signal optimization provided by various levels of VNIS-equipped drivers. It recommends that studies be conducted to provide quantitative estimates of the practical utility of lead time in predicting time of arrival to a signalized intersection, and of contributions provided by a VNIS system as a function of density of VNIS beacons and percent of VNIS-equipped drivers. The value of VNIS information to traffic control, in conjunction with and as a replacement for fixed-location traffic detection can aid in the design of an ultimate VNIS system, and helps to justify costs that can be related and allocated to the various benefits that VNIS provides to the traffic control element.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131346487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A communication system that uses roadside beacons to broadcast road and traffic information and private messages to vehicles has been developed. The system, called Road/Automobile Communication System (RACS), was the result of a joint research project involving the Public Works Research Institute and 25 private-sector corporations. This paper contains an outline of RACS and of an onboard system developed by TOYOTA and presents the results of field tests conducted in the Tokyo area. The results not only verify the capability of the RACS system and the effectiveness of the in-vehicle equipment but also indicate the potential of such a beacon based network to improve traffic jam and driving safety whilst providing enhanced communication facilities without increasing radio-wave congestion.
{"title":"Automobile navigation system using individual communication beacon","authors":"H. Kanemitsu, T. Saito, J. Shima, Y. Tanaka","doi":"10.4271/912758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912758","url":null,"abstract":"A communication system that uses roadside beacons to broadcast road and traffic information and private messages to vehicles has been developed. The system, called Road/Automobile Communication System (RACS), was the result of a joint research project involving the Public Works Research Institute and 25 private-sector corporations. This paper contains an outline of RACS and of an onboard system developed by TOYOTA and presents the results of field tests conducted in the Tokyo area. The results not only verify the capability of the RACS system and the effectiveness of the in-vehicle equipment but also indicate the potential of such a beacon based network to improve traffic jam and driving safety whilst providing enhanced communication facilities without increasing radio-wave congestion.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130380770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kostas G Zografos, Christos Douligeris, John Haupt, Jim Jordan, Florida Power, Light Miami, Fl
A methodological framework for evaluating on board computer technology in emergency dispatch operations is presented. The proposed framework evaluates the effectiveness of Mobile Data Terminals (MDT) with regards to operational, human factors, economic, and technical implications. A case study related to the introduction of MDTs in the service restoration operations of a large electric utility company is presented. Preliminary results suggest that the proposed technology is technically feasible and operationally effective.
{"title":"A methodological framework for evaluating on board computer technology in emergency dispatch operations","authors":"Kostas G Zografos, Christos Douligeris, John Haupt, Jim Jordan, Florida Power, Light Miami, Fl","doi":"10.4271/912741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912741","url":null,"abstract":"A methodological framework for evaluating on board computer technology in emergency dispatch operations is presented. The proposed framework evaluates the effectiveness of Mobile Data Terminals (MDT) with regards to operational, human factors, economic, and technical implications. A case study related to the introduction of MDTs in the service restoration operations of a large electric utility company is presented. Preliminary results suggest that the proposed technology is technically feasible and operationally effective.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130411200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As one of the newly industrialized countries, Taiwan is moving rapidly toward modernization. Accompanying this high economic growth rate are serious traffic problems. Unfortunately, traditional TSM strategies do not help a lot, and a more advanced traffic management system, which is referred to as IVHS, is thus necessitated. A general description about recent progress for IVHS development in Taiwan is presented. Seven relevant research areas and/or significant on-going transportation projects are included. Based on the understanding of our research capability, four intercorrelated IVHS projects are suggested in the future research directions.
{"title":"Recent progress for intelligent vehicle/highway system development in Taiwan","authors":"H. Chen, C. Ho, Chi-Kang Lee","doi":"10.4271/912829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912829","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the newly industrialized countries, Taiwan is moving rapidly toward modernization. Accompanying this high economic growth rate are serious traffic problems. Unfortunately, traditional TSM strategies do not help a lot, and a more advanced traffic management system, which is referred to as IVHS, is thus necessitated. A general description about recent progress for IVHS development in Taiwan is presented. Seven relevant research areas and/or significant on-going transportation projects are included. Based on the understanding of our research capability, four intercorrelated IVHS projects are suggested in the future research directions.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130478792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports an analysis of potential costs and revenues to apply road pricing in Melbourne. Objectives of road pricing are assumed to be reduced peak period congestion and raising of funds for transport infrastructure. The analysis provides a broad understanding of opportunities for Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) to be applied to road pricing; using Melbourne as a test case. Road pricing can take many forms from simple flat annual charges with fuel consumption based variable charges through to systems which charge vehicle owners according to actual road use. IVHS developments will be the key to the implementation of socially acceptable systems which charge according to actual use - or a form of charging which partially meets this objective. As pressure on road funds increases over the next decade, there is likely to be greater emphasis on the use of IVHS technologies to change the way in which road infrastructure is managed.
{"title":"Pricing road use to manage peak demand","authors":"D. Howie","doi":"10.4271/912771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912771","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports an analysis of potential costs and revenues to apply road pricing in Melbourne. Objectives of road pricing are assumed to be reduced peak period congestion and raising of funds for transport infrastructure. The analysis provides a broad understanding of opportunities for Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) to be applied to road pricing; using Melbourne as a test case. Road pricing can take many forms from simple flat annual charges with fuel consumption based variable charges through to systems which charge vehicle owners according to actual road use. IVHS developments will be the key to the implementation of socially acceptable systems which charge according to actual use - or a form of charging which partially meets this objective. As pressure on road funds increases over the next decade, there is likely to be greater emphasis on the use of IVHS technologies to change the way in which road infrastructure is managed.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133328675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. S. Chang, W. Li, P. Devlin, A. Shaikhbahai, Pravin Varaiya, J. K. Hedrick, D. McMahon, V. Narendran, D. Swaroop, J. Olds
This paper presents results and analysis of experiments carried out on a vehicle platoon control system developed in the PATH program. The objective of this project is to assess the feasibility of applying currently available technology to the concept of vehicle platoon control. It is estimated that the vehicle platoon system could increase highway traffic capacity by a factor of two or three. The Integrated Platoon Control System (IPCS) includes a control system, communication system, data acquisition system, and various sensors including a radar system. The initial experiments using two Ford cars showed successful results. In the field tests, the automated following vehicle successfully followed the manually driven lead vehicle through several different kinds of maneuvers. This project is a joint effort by U.C.Berkeley, Caltrans and VORAD, with vehicles provided by Ford.
{"title":"Experimentation with a vehicle platoon control system","authors":"K. S. Chang, W. Li, P. Devlin, A. Shaikhbahai, Pravin Varaiya, J. K. Hedrick, D. McMahon, V. Narendran, D. Swaroop, J. Olds","doi":"10.4271/912868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912868","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents results and analysis of experiments carried out on a vehicle platoon control system developed in the PATH program. The objective of this project is to assess the feasibility of applying currently available technology to the concept of vehicle platoon control. It is estimated that the vehicle platoon system could increase highway traffic capacity by a factor of two or three. The Integrated Platoon Control System (IPCS) includes a control system, communication system, data acquisition system, and various sensors including a radar system. The initial experiments using two Ford cars showed successful results. In the field tests, the automated following vehicle successfully followed the manually driven lead vehicle through several different kinds of maneuvers. This project is a joint effort by U.C.Berkeley, Caltrans and VORAD, with vehicles provided by Ford.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130646355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1990, The Japanese National Police Agency (NPA) planned a nationwide two-year research project including field experiments, "Travel Time Estimation and Prediction" aimed at realizing a reliable method of providing travel time information to drivers (1). The project was conducted by the Japan Traffic Management Technology Association and three system manufacturers (Sumitomo Electric, OMRON and Matsushita Communication) collaborated on research and experimental work. Several methods of estimating and predicting travel time were developed and evaluated in three major cities (Tokyo, Yokohama and Osaka). Four models, Sandglass, Delay Time, Auto Regressive and Neural Network Models were developed and evaluated using detector and license plate reader information, and field survey data in the three major cities. The first year evaluation results are described here.
{"title":"Estimation and measurement of travel time by vehicle detectors and license plate readers","authors":"Sadao Takaba, Takeshi Morita, Takashi Hada","doi":"10.4271/912760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912760","url":null,"abstract":"In 1990, The Japanese National Police Agency (NPA) planned a nationwide two-year research project including field experiments, \"Travel Time Estimation and Prediction\" aimed at realizing a reliable method of providing travel time information to drivers (1). The project was conducted by the Japan Traffic Management Technology Association and three system manufacturers (Sumitomo Electric, OMRON and Matsushita Communication) collaborated on research and experimental work. Several methods of estimating and predicting travel time were developed and evaluated in three major cities (Tokyo, Yokohama and Osaka). Four models, Sandglass, Delay Time, Auto Regressive and Neural Network Models were developed and evaluated using detector and license plate reader information, and field survey data in the three major cities. The first year evaluation results are described here.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132059471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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