This paper briefly describes some IVHS initiatives in Australia and assesses the prospects for further developments. Two major activities in the IVHS area are reviewed: • a technology agreement between the state road authority (VicRoads) and the national telecommunications (Telecom) provider to develop vehicle location monitoring technologies for road management in Melbourne called TRansport Information and Management System (TRIMS); and • the application of a low cost technology, which is complementary to ATC systems, to capture data about the performance of public buses on arterial roads in Sydney. The technology is called the Arterial Network Travel Time System (ANTTS). These projects promise to deliver cost effective systems for the capture and management of road use data which can help to improve the operation of traffic control systems, introduce selective vehicle priority strategies such as signal preemption for buses, provide passenger information displays and collect information for planning purposes.
{"title":"IVHS applications in Australia","authors":"D. Howie, A. Garrett","doi":"10.4271/912828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912828","url":null,"abstract":"This paper briefly describes some IVHS initiatives in Australia and assesses the prospects for further developments. Two major activities in the IVHS area are reviewed: • a technology agreement between the state road authority (VicRoads) and the national telecommunications (Telecom) provider to develop vehicle location monitoring technologies for road management in Melbourne called TRansport Information and Management System (TRIMS); and • the application of a low cost technology, which is complementary to ATC systems, to capture data about the performance of public buses on arterial roads in Sydney. The technology is called the Arterial Network Travel Time System (ANTTS). These projects promise to deliver cost effective systems for the capture and management of road use data which can help to improve the operation of traffic control systems, introduce selective vehicle priority strategies such as signal preemption for buses, provide passenger information displays and collect information for planning purposes.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129816014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IVHS is viewed as a marriage of the "Smart Vehicle" and "Smart Highway" into an integrated vehicle/highway system. Its ultimate success will be highly dependent upon the acceptance and continued use of in-vehicle IVHS equipment by the vehicle drivers. Electronics has been effectively used in today's vehicles to enhance its performance, reduce emissions, improve economy, and to increase driver and occupant safety, comfort and convenience. Its use has been primarily market driven, its implementation has been evolutionary rather than revolutionary and in some cases its success has been very sensitive to driver acceptance. In-vehicle IVHS equipment is expected to follow the same trends. One objective of this paper is to review the automotive electronic trends for the past 30 years to determine the forces behind the rapid expansion of electronics in our modern day vehicles. Some of the lessons learned that could benefit the implementation of IVHS technologies will be highlighted. The paper will discuss the current trends in automotive electronics, as viewed by the author, that may influence the future implementation of related in-vehicle IVHS equipment. A variety of in-vehicle IVHS offerings will be required to satisfy the different driver needs for traffic assistance. These offerings may span from simple highway advisory radios (HAR) to very sophisticated route guidance systems. To justify the billions of dollars required for the "Smart" highways, affordable in-vehicle systems must be available to allow most, if not all, drivers to access the traffic advisory system. The paper will be concluded with a discussion of the issues that need to be addressed to insure driver acceptance which is felt necessary for the success of IVHS.
{"title":"IVHS—An automotive perspective","authors":"B. F. Heinrich","doi":"10.4271/912780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912780","url":null,"abstract":"IVHS is viewed as a marriage of the \"Smart Vehicle\" and \"Smart Highway\" into an integrated vehicle/highway system. Its ultimate success will be highly dependent upon the acceptance and continued use of in-vehicle IVHS equipment by the vehicle drivers. Electronics has been effectively used in today's vehicles to enhance its performance, reduce emissions, improve economy, and to increase driver and occupant safety, comfort and convenience. Its use has been primarily market driven, its implementation has been evolutionary rather than revolutionary and in some cases its success has been very sensitive to driver acceptance. In-vehicle IVHS equipment is expected to follow the same trends. One objective of this paper is to review the automotive electronic trends for the past 30 years to determine the forces behind the rapid expansion of electronics in our modern day vehicles. Some of the lessons learned that could benefit the implementation of IVHS technologies will be highlighted. The paper will discuss the current trends in automotive electronics, as viewed by the author, that may influence the future implementation of related in-vehicle IVHS equipment. A variety of in-vehicle IVHS offerings will be required to satisfy the different driver needs for traffic assistance. These offerings may span from simple highway advisory radios (HAR) to very sophisticated route guidance systems. To justify the billions of dollars required for the \"Smart\" highways, affordable in-vehicle systems must be available to allow most, if not all, drivers to access the traffic advisory system. The paper will be concluded with a discussion of the issues that need to be addressed to insure driver acceptance which is felt necessary for the success of IVHS.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130589914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Dingus, M. Hulse, M. Krage, F. Szczublewski, Paul Berry
Recent technological advancements have created the capability for functionally powerful vehicle navigation and information systems to become a reality in the near future. The wide variety of desirable and likely features, and the complexity of some of the required driver manipulations, will necessitate the division of most systems into "pre-drive" and "drive" subsystems. For both the pre-drive and drive cases, usability within the constraints of the automotive environment is extremely important to system success. This study tested a variety of pre-drive functions to determine if likely users could operate such a system effectively with little or no training. Although the simulated scenarios required no error recovery, the generally low incidence of errors indicates that many of the predrive functions could likely be performed by a wide variety of representative drivers with no training.
{"title":"A usability evaluation of navigation and information system \"Pre-drive\" functions","authors":"T. Dingus, M. Hulse, M. Krage, F. Szczublewski, Paul Berry","doi":"10.4271/912794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912794","url":null,"abstract":"Recent technological advancements have created the capability for functionally powerful vehicle navigation and information systems to become a reality in the near future. The wide variety of desirable and likely features, and the complexity of some of the required driver manipulations, will necessitate the division of most systems into \"pre-drive\" and \"drive\" subsystems. For both the pre-drive and drive cases, usability within the constraints of the automotive environment is extremely important to system success. This study tested a variety of pre-drive functions to determine if likely users could operate such a system effectively with little or no training. Although the simulated scenarios required no error recovery, the generally low incidence of errors indicates that many of the predrive functions could likely be performed by a wide variety of representative drivers with no training.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132627681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a simple model to provide a framework for investigating human behaviour with Vehicle Navigation Aids (VNA). The model consist of planning, decision making, control, and perception. Decisions are made by comparing perceived cues from the outside view with expected cues from planning. VNA assists mainly in dynamic planning, providing support and updating to the cognitive map navigators have of their environment. Unlike other models of vehicle navigation systems that emphasize the Driver-Machine interaction in navigation, the proposed model presents navigation decisions as a dynamic process of comparing and integrating the very important outside view with information from VNA displays. The implications of the model for using multiple modal displays, for timing and pacing of information, and for visual attention competition are discussed.
{"title":"An information structural model of vehicle navigation and its implications","authors":"Shumin Zhai","doi":"10.4271/912730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912730","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a simple model to provide a framework for investigating human behaviour with Vehicle Navigation Aids (VNA). The model consist of planning, decision making, control, and perception. Decisions are made by comparing perceived cues from the outside view with expected cues from planning. VNA assists mainly in dynamic planning, providing support and updating to the cognitive map navigators have of their environment. Unlike other models of vehicle navigation systems that emphasize the Driver-Machine interaction in navigation, the proposed model presents navigation decisions as a dynamic process of comparing and integrating the very important outside view with information from VNA displays. The implications of the model for using multiple modal displays, for timing and pacing of information, and for visual attention competition are discussed.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126782132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The smart card, which is commonly understood to be an integrated circuit-based, credit card-sized portable data carrier, is fast becoming a preferred medium for present and future Intelligent Vehicle/Highway System (IVHS) applications. Its compact size and computer functionality make it appealing for driver information, fleet management, and traffic management applications. Smart Cards are currently used in an IVHS application, namely, in an Electronic Toll & Traffic Management (ETTM) system with Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI). This system utilizes the smart card for secure automated payment of tolls via a two-way RF link between a toll plaza and an in-vehicle unit which contains the card. As a result of surging customer interest, additional ETTM vendors are considering the use of the smart cards for their systems. Other applications of a smart card-based AVI system include vehicle speed calculation for measuring traffic flow, fleet management (i.e., rental car entry/exit), and various traveler information services. A smart card may also be used for logging of vehicle maintenance records, thus providing a higher level of customer service for vehicle owners. Another application is advanced vehicle diagnostics, where critical data could be stored on the card at the touch of a fingertip in order to more easily diagnose intermittent vehicle problems. Further, a smart card could be used for data storage in tracking and measuring driver and vehicle behavior for fleet management applications. Undoubtedly, new IVHS applications of smart cards will continue to evolve into the 21st century.
{"title":"IVHS applications of smart cards","authors":"M. Komanecky, D. M. Claus","doi":"10.4271/912848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912848","url":null,"abstract":"The smart card, which is commonly understood to be an integrated circuit-based, credit card-sized portable data carrier, is fast becoming a preferred medium for present and future Intelligent Vehicle/Highway System (IVHS) applications. Its compact size and computer functionality make it appealing for driver information, fleet management, and traffic management applications. Smart Cards are currently used in an IVHS application, namely, in an Electronic Toll & Traffic Management (ETTM) system with Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI). This system utilizes the smart card for secure automated payment of tolls via a two-way RF link between a toll plaza and an in-vehicle unit which contains the card. As a result of surging customer interest, additional ETTM vendors are considering the use of the smart cards for their systems. Other applications of a smart card-based AVI system include vehicle speed calculation for measuring traffic flow, fleet management (i.e., rental car entry/exit), and various traveler information services. A smart card may also be used for logging of vehicle maintenance records, thus providing a higher level of customer service for vehicle owners. Another application is advanced vehicle diagnostics, where critical data could be stored on the card at the touch of a fingertip in order to more easily diagnose intermittent vehicle problems. Further, a smart card could be used for data storage in tracking and measuring driver and vehicle behavior for fleet management applications. Undoubtedly, new IVHS applications of smart cards will continue to evolve into the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"239 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116189775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes new driver-information systems that are suggested for cars of the 21st century and proposes a method for selecting them. This method will help government officials, product planners, engineers, designers, and scientists identify functions and features that will be most beneficial to drivers. The systems (functions) of interest were navigation, vehicle monitoring, traffic information, road-hazard warning, communications, motorist services, in-car signing, office functions, and entertainment. Features and information elements of these systems were identified and rated on three dimensions: effect on accidents, impact on traffic operations, and driver needs and wants. Based on the ranking of features, information about slick roads, accidents, congestion, construction, blocked views, emergency vehicles, and tire and brake problems would be particularly beneficial.
{"title":"What functions and features should be in driver information systems of the year 2000","authors":"P. Green, C. Serafin, M. Williams, G. Paelke","doi":"10.4271/912792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912792","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes new driver-information systems that are suggested for cars of the 21st century and proposes a method for selecting them. This method will help government officials, product planners, engineers, designers, and scientists identify functions and features that will be most beneficial to drivers. The systems (functions) of interest were navigation, vehicle monitoring, traffic information, road-hazard warning, communications, motorist services, in-car signing, office functions, and entertainment. Features and information elements of these systems were identified and rated on three dimensions: effect on accidents, impact on traffic operations, and driver needs and wants. Based on the ranking of features, information about slick roads, accidents, congestion, construction, blocked views, emergency vehicles, and tire and brake problems would be particularly beneficial.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130191963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ADVANTAGE I-75 focuses on implementation of Intelligent Vehicle/Highway System (IVHS) technologies and on the processes whereby technological advancements are assimilated into the operational setting. ADVANTAGE I-75 represents a partnership of public and private interests in the I-75 corridor. Its goal is to reduce congestion, increase efficiency, and enhance safety of motorists and other users of I-75 and its connections into Canada through the application of advanced highway and vehicle technologies. Currently being considered as the inaugural project is an application of automatic vehicle identification (AVI) technology designed to facilitate motorcarrier operations by allowing transponder-equipped and properly documented trucks to travel any segment along the entire length of I-75 at mainline speeds with minimal stopping at enforcement stations.
{"title":"Implementing IVHS technology: The ADVANTAGE 1-75 approach","authors":"J. Deacon, J.G. Plgman, T. Jacobs","doi":"10.4271/912777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912777","url":null,"abstract":"ADVANTAGE I-75 focuses on implementation of Intelligent Vehicle/Highway System (IVHS) technologies and on the processes whereby technological advancements are assimilated into the operational setting. ADVANTAGE I-75 represents a partnership of public and private interests in the I-75 corridor. Its goal is to reduce congestion, increase efficiency, and enhance safety of motorists and other users of I-75 and its connections into Canada through the application of advanced highway and vehicle technologies. Currently being considered as the inaugural project is an application of automatic vehicle identification (AVI) technology designed to facilitate motorcarrier operations by allowing transponder-equipped and properly documented trucks to travel any segment along the entire length of I-75 at mainline speeds with minimal stopping at enforcement stations.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128635684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following completion of the Wide Area Vehicle Monitoring (WAVM) project which resulted in the successful introduction of a Canadian satellite-based vehicle message communications and location system, known as Road KIT commercially, for use by the trucking industry, a project was undertaken to investigate and plan for a highway environment information system for fleet management applications in Ontario. When real time highway information could be made available to the commercial fleets, fleet operators equipped with two-way communications and vehicle location system could then respond to adverse highway conditions by rescheduling the trip, or advising drivers to take alternate routes to avoid being caught in a congestion queue. The benefits would be increased transportation industry productivity and reduced congestion and incidents on the highway. This paper will describe the project background, the trucking industry and inter-city bus industry interests in highway information service, the trucking industry needs for highway information service, the type, frequency, and coverage of highway information required, results of a industry focus group discussion, the marketability of the highway information to the trucking industry, and the study conclusion.
{"title":"Highway environment information system interests and features survey","authors":"J. Tsai","doi":"10.4271/912743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912743","url":null,"abstract":"Following completion of the Wide Area Vehicle Monitoring (WAVM) project which resulted in the successful introduction of a Canadian satellite-based vehicle message communications and location system, known as Road KIT commercially, for use by the trucking industry, a project was undertaken to investigate and plan for a highway environment information system for fleet management applications in Ontario. When real time highway information could be made available to the commercial fleets, fleet operators equipped with two-way communications and vehicle location system could then respond to adverse highway conditions by rescheduling the trip, or advising drivers to take alternate routes to avoid being caught in a congestion queue. The benefits would be increased transportation industry productivity and reduced congestion and incidents on the highway. This paper will describe the project background, the trucking industry and inter-city bus industry interests in highway information service, the trucking industry needs for highway information service, the type, frequency, and coverage of highway information required, results of a industry focus group discussion, the marketability of the highway information to the trucking industry, and the study conclusion.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130720294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kent Gilbert, Steve E. Underwood, Leo E. DeFrain
The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) recently initiated a three-year program named DIRECT, which stands for Driver Information Radio Experimenting with Communication Technologies. The DIRECT Project has been designed specifically to test, in an operational setting, alternative driver-information systems. DIRECT is being undertaken as a national IVHS operational field test and is funded through a public/ private partnership between FHWA (50%), MDOT (25%), and several automobile and electronic component manufacturers (25%). This paper describes the system, starting from the initial decisions on the project concept through the physical and experimental design concepts.
{"title":"DIRECT: A comparison of alternative driver information systems","authors":"R. Kent Gilbert, Steve E. Underwood, Leo E. DeFrain","doi":"10.4271/912783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912783","url":null,"abstract":"The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) recently initiated a three-year program named DIRECT, which stands for Driver Information Radio Experimenting with Communication Technologies. The DIRECT Project has been designed specifically to test, in an operational setting, alternative driver-information systems. DIRECT is being undertaken as a national IVHS operational field test and is funded through a public/ private partnership between FHWA (50%), MDOT (25%), and several automobile and electronic component manufacturers (25%). This paper describes the system, starting from the initial decisions on the project concept through the physical and experimental design concepts.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128258896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the principle of an Intelligent Roadway Reference System (IRRS). It discusses both the sensing and communication capabilities of an IRRS. It then assesses the information capability of an IRRS, focusing on the ability for providing static information for an Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS). This paper also investigates the information representation methods and indicates that some of the static information needed for IVHS can be conveyed by an IRRS.
{"title":"A roadway information system for vehicle guidance/control","authors":"Wei-bin Zhang","doi":"10.4271/912867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/912867","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the principle of an Intelligent Roadway Reference System (IRRS). It discusses both the sensing and communication capabilities of an IRRS. It then assesses the information capability of an IRRS, focusing on the ability for providing static information for an Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS). This paper also investigates the information representation methods and indicates that some of the static information needed for IVHS can be conveyed by an IRRS.","PeriodicalId":126255,"journal":{"name":"Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1991","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131036531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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