Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1454856
Lucius Samo Fekonja, Robert Schenk, Emily Schröder, Rosario Tomasello, Samo Tomšič, Thomas Picht
Digital twins enable simulation, comprehensive analysis and predictions, as virtual representations of physical systems. They are also finding increasing interest and application in the healthcare sector, with a particular focus on digital twins of the brain. We discuss how digital twins in neuroscience enable the modeling of brain functions and pathology as they offer an in-silico approach to studying the brain and illustrating the complex relationships between brain network dynamics and related functions. To showcase the capabilities of digital twinning in neuroscience we demonstrate how the impact of brain tumors on the brain’s physical structures and functioning can be modeled in relation to the philosophical concept of plasticity. Against this technically derived backdrop, which assumes that the brain’s nonlinear behavior toward improvement and repair can be modeled and predicted based on MRI data, we further explore the philosophical insights of Catherine Malabou. Malabou emphasizes the brain’s dual capacity for adaptive and destructive plasticity. We will discuss in how far Malabou’s ideas provide a more holistic theoretical framework for understanding how digital twins can model the brain’s response to injury and pathology, embracing Malabou’s concept of both adaptive and destructive plasticity which provides a framework to address such yet incomputable aspects of neuroscience and the sometimes seemingly unfavorable dynamics of neuroplasticity helping to bridge the gap between theoretical research and clinical practice.
{"title":"The digital twin in neuroscience: from theory to tailored therapy","authors":"Lucius Samo Fekonja, Robert Schenk, Emily Schröder, Rosario Tomasello, Samo Tomšič, Thomas Picht","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1454856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1454856","url":null,"abstract":"Digital twins enable simulation, comprehensive analysis and predictions, as virtual representations of physical systems. They are also finding increasing interest and application in the healthcare sector, with a particular focus on digital twins of the brain. We discuss how digital twins in neuroscience enable the modeling of brain functions and pathology as they offer an in-silico approach to studying the brain and illustrating the complex relationships between brain network dynamics and related functions. To showcase the capabilities of digital twinning in neuroscience we demonstrate how the impact of brain tumors on the brain’s physical structures and functioning can be modeled in relation to the philosophical concept of plasticity. Against this technically derived backdrop, which assumes that the brain’s nonlinear behavior toward improvement and repair can be modeled and predicted based on MRI data, we further explore the philosophical insights of Catherine Malabou. Malabou emphasizes the brain’s dual capacity for adaptive and destructive plasticity. We will discuss in how far Malabou’s ideas provide a more holistic theoretical framework for understanding how digital twins can model the brain’s response to injury and pathology, embracing Malabou’s concept of both adaptive and destructive plasticity which provides a framework to address such yet incomputable aspects of neuroscience and the sometimes seemingly unfavorable dynamics of neuroplasticity helping to bridge the gap between theoretical research and clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1465568
Yifei Zhang, Zehan Zhang, Qingqian Yu, Bijuan Lan, Qinghuan Shi, Yan Liu, Weiyue Zhang, Feng Li
BackgroundNumerous studies have recently examined the impact of dietary factors such as high-fat diets on fatigue. Our study aims to investigate whether high-fat diet (HFD) alone or combined with alternate-day fasting (ADF) can lead to the central fatigue symptoms and to investigate the potential integration of dietary and sleep variables in the development of central fatigue models.MethodsSeventy-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, HFD, HFD + ADF, modified multiple platform method (MMPM), and MMPM+HFD + ADF. Each group underwent a 21-day modeling period according to their respective protocol. Their behavioral characteristics, fatigue biochemical markers, hippocampal pathological changes, mitochondrial ultrastructure, and oxidative stress damage were analyzed.ResultsOur findings demonstrate that using only HFD did not cause central fatigue, but combining it with ADF did. This combination led to reduced exercise endurance, decreased locomotor activity, impaired learning and memory abilities, along with alterations in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate (LAC), as well as hippocampal pathological damage and other central fatigue symptoms. Moreover, the MMPM+HFD + ADF method led to the most obvious central fatigue symptoms in rats, including a variety of behavioral changes, alterations in fatigue-related biochemical metabolic markers, prominent pathological changes in hippocampal tissue, severe damage to the ultrastructure of mitochondria in hippocampal regions, changes in neurotransmitters, and evident oxidative stress damage. Additionally, it was observed that rats subjected to HFD + ADF, MMPM, and MMPM+HFD + ADF modeling method exhibited significant brain oxidative stress damage.ConclusionWe have demonstrated the promotive role of dietary factors in the development of central fatigue and have successfully established a more stable and clinically relevant animal model of central fatigue by integrating dietary and sleep factors.
{"title":"Dual-factor model of sleep and diet: a new approach to understanding central fatigue","authors":"Yifei Zhang, Zehan Zhang, Qingqian Yu, Bijuan Lan, Qinghuan Shi, Yan Liu, Weiyue Zhang, Feng Li","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1465568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1465568","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundNumerous studies have recently examined the impact of dietary factors such as high-fat diets on fatigue. Our study aims to investigate whether high-fat diet (HFD) alone or combined with alternate-day fasting (ADF) can lead to the central fatigue symptoms and to investigate the potential integration of dietary and sleep variables in the development of central fatigue models.MethodsSeventy-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, HFD, HFD + ADF, modified multiple platform method (MMPM), and MMPM+HFD + ADF. Each group underwent a 21-day modeling period according to their respective protocol. Their behavioral characteristics, fatigue biochemical markers, hippocampal pathological changes, mitochondrial ultrastructure, and oxidative stress damage were analyzed.ResultsOur findings demonstrate that using only HFD did not cause central fatigue, but combining it with ADF did. This combination led to reduced exercise endurance, decreased locomotor activity, impaired learning and memory abilities, along with alterations in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate (LAC), as well as hippocampal pathological damage and other central fatigue symptoms. Moreover, the MMPM+HFD + ADF method led to the most obvious central fatigue symptoms in rats, including a variety of behavioral changes, alterations in fatigue-related biochemical metabolic markers, prominent pathological changes in hippocampal tissue, severe damage to the ultrastructure of mitochondria in hippocampal regions, changes in neurotransmitters, and evident oxidative stress damage. Additionally, it was observed that rats subjected to HFD + ADF, MMPM, and MMPM+HFD + ADF modeling method exhibited significant brain oxidative stress damage.ConclusionWe have demonstrated the promotive role of dietary factors in the development of central fatigue and have successfully established a more stable and clinically relevant animal model of central fatigue by integrating dietary and sleep factors.","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1421026
Selma Tir, Rhiannon White, Manuel Spitschan
Many aspects of sleep and circadian physiology are sensitive to participant-level characteristics. While recent research robustly highlights the importance of considering participant-level demographic information, the extent to which this information is consistently collected, and reported in the literature, remains unclear. This article investigates study sample characteristics within the published sleep and chronobiology research over the past 40 years. 6,777 articles were identified and a random sample of 20% was included. The reporting of sample size, age, sex, gender, ethnicity, level of education, socio-economic status, and profession of the study population was scored, and any reported aggregate summary statistics for these variables were recorded. We observed a significant upward trend in the reporting and analysis of demographic variables in sleep and chronobiology research. However, we found that while > 90% of studies reported age or sex, all other variables were reported in < 25% of cases. Reporting quality was highly variable, indicating an opportunity to standardize reporting guidelines for participant-level characteristics to facilitate Meta analyses.
{"title":"Inclusion, reporting and analysis of demographic variables in chronobiology and sleep research.","authors":"Selma Tir, Rhiannon White, Manuel Spitschan","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1421026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1421026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many aspects of sleep and circadian physiology are sensitive to participant-level characteristics. While recent research robustly highlights the importance of considering participant-level demographic information, the extent to which this information is consistently collected, and reported in the literature, remains unclear. This article investigates study sample characteristics within the published sleep and chronobiology research over the past 40 years. 6,777 articles were identified and a random sample of 20% was included. The reporting of sample size, age, sex, gender, ethnicity, level of education, socio-economic status, and profession of the study population was scored, and any reported aggregate summary statistics for these variables were recorded. We observed a significant upward trend in the reporting and analysis of demographic variables in sleep and chronobiology research. However, we found that while > 90% of studies reported age or sex, all other variables were reported in < 25% of cases. Reporting quality was highly variable, indicating an opportunity to standardize reporting guidelines for participant-level characteristics to facilitate Meta analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1443478
Pingzhi Wang, Jie Xiang, Yan Niu, Jing Wei, Caiqin Lan, Xiangping Li, Liying Xu, Yajie Yin, Hongxiong Wang, Tao Zhang, Lei Yang, Hao Xing, Shasha Fan, Qing Niu, Huicong Kang, Ying Liang
Objective: How to conduct objective and accurate individualized assessments of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) and carry out precision rehabilitation treatment technology is a major rehabilitation problem that needs to be solved urgently.
Methods: In this study, a multi-layer brain network was constructed based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to analyze the structural and functional brain networks of patients with DOC at different levels and to find regulatory targets (imaging markers) with recovery potential for DOC. Then repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was performed in DOC patients to clinically validate.
Results: The brain network connectivity of DOC patients with different consciousness states is different, and the most obvious brain regions appeared in the olfactory cortex and precuneus. rTMS stimulation could effectively improve the consciousness level of DOC patients and stimulate the occipital lobe (specific regions found in this study) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and both parts had a good consciousness recovery effect.
Conclusion: In clinical work, personalized stimulation regimen treatment combined with the brain network characteristics of DOC patients can improve the treatment effect.
{"title":"Study of a precise treatment protocol for patients with consciousness disorders based on the brain network analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"Pingzhi Wang, Jie Xiang, Yan Niu, Jing Wei, Caiqin Lan, Xiangping Li, Liying Xu, Yajie Yin, Hongxiong Wang, Tao Zhang, Lei Yang, Hao Xing, Shasha Fan, Qing Niu, Huicong Kang, Ying Liang","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1443478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1443478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>How to conduct objective and accurate individualized assessments of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) and carry out precision rehabilitation treatment technology is a major rehabilitation problem that needs to be solved urgently.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a multi-layer brain network was constructed based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to analyze the structural and functional brain networks of patients with DOC at different levels and to find regulatory targets (imaging markers) with recovery potential for DOC. Then repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was performed in DOC patients to clinically validate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The brain network connectivity of DOC patients with different consciousness states is different, and the most obvious brain regions appeared in the olfactory cortex and precuneus. rTMS stimulation could effectively improve the consciousness level of DOC patients and stimulate the occipital lobe (specific regions found in this study) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and both parts had a good consciousness recovery effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In clinical work, personalized stimulation regimen treatment combined with the brain network characteristics of DOC patients can improve the treatment effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The glymphatic system is a functional cerebrospinal fluid circulatory system that uses peri-arterial space for inflow of cerebrospinal fluid and peri-venous space for efflux of cerebrospinal fluid from brain parenchyma. This brain-wide fluid transport pathway facilitates the exchange between cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid and clears metabolic waste from the metabolically active brain. Multiple lines of work show that the glymphatic system is crucial to normal brain functions, and the dysfunction of the glymphatic system is closely associated with various neurological disorders, including aging, neurodegeneration, and acute brain injury. Currently, it is common to explore the functional and molecular mechanisms of the glymphatic system based on animal models. The function of glymphatic system during perioperative period is affected by many factors such as physiological, pathological, anesthetic and operative methods. To provide a reference for the interpretation of the results of glymphatic system studies during perioperative period, this article comprehensively reviews the physiological and pathological factors that interfere with the function of the glymphatic system during perioperative period, investigates the effects of anesthetic drugs on glymphatic system function and the potential underlying mechanisms, describes operative methods that interfere with the function of the glymphatic system, and potential intervention strategies based on the glymphatic system. Future, these variables should be taken into account as critical covariates in the design of functional studies on the glymphatic system.
{"title":"Influencing factors of glymphatic system during perioperative period","authors":"Rui Dong, Wenjie Liu, Yuqiang Han, Zimo Wang, Linhao Jiang, Liwei Wang, Xiaoping Gu","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1428085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1428085","url":null,"abstract":"The glymphatic system is a functional cerebrospinal fluid circulatory system that uses peri-arterial space for inflow of cerebrospinal fluid and peri-venous space for efflux of cerebrospinal fluid from brain parenchyma. This brain-wide fluid transport pathway facilitates the exchange between cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid and clears metabolic waste from the metabolically active brain. Multiple lines of work show that the glymphatic system is crucial to normal brain functions, and the dysfunction of the glymphatic system is closely associated with various neurological disorders, including aging, neurodegeneration, and acute brain injury. Currently, it is common to explore the functional and molecular mechanisms of the glymphatic system based on animal models. The function of glymphatic system during perioperative period is affected by many factors such as physiological, pathological, anesthetic and operative methods. To provide a reference for the interpretation of the results of glymphatic system studies during perioperative period, this article comprehensively reviews the physiological and pathological factors that interfere with the function of the glymphatic system during perioperative period, investigates the effects of anesthetic drugs on glymphatic system function and the potential underlying mechanisms, describes operative methods that interfere with the function of the glymphatic system, and potential intervention strategies based on the glymphatic system. Future, these variables should be taken into account as critical covariates in the design of functional studies on the glymphatic system.","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1424746
Osama Elyamany, Jona Iffland, Denise Lockhofen, Saskia Steinmann, Gregor Leicht, Christoph Mulert
IntroductionDichotic listening (DL) has been extensively used as a task to investigate auditory processing and hemispheric lateralisation in humans. According to the “callosal relay model,” the typical finding of a right ear advantage (REA) occurs because the information coming from the right ear has direct access to the left dominant hemisphere while the information coming from the left ear has to cross via the corpus callosum. The underlying neuroanatomical correlates and neurophysiological mechanisms have been described using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and lagged phase synchronization (LPS) of the interhemispheric auditory pathway. During the non-forced condition of DL, functional connectivity (LPS) of interhemispheric gamma-band coupling has been described as a relevant mechanism related to auditory perception in DL. In this study, we aimed to extend the previous results by exploring the effects of top-down modulation of DL (forced-attention condition) on interhemispheric gamma-band LPS.MethodsRight-handed healthy participants (n = 31; 17 females) performed three blocks of DL with different attention instructions (no-attention, left-ear attention, right-ear attention) during simultaneous EEG recording with 64 channels. Source analysis was done with exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) and functional connectivity between bilateral auditory areas was assessed as LPS in the gamma-band frequency range.ResultsTwenty-four participants (77%) exhibited a right-ear advantage in the no-attention block. The left- and right-attention conditions significantly decreased and increased right-ear reports, respectively. Similar to the previous studies, functional connectivity analysis (gamma-band LPS) showed significantly increased connectivity between left and right Brodmann areas (BAs) 41 and 42 during left ear reports in contrast with right ear reports. Our new findings notably indicated that the right-attention condition exhibited significantly higher connectivity between BAs 42 compared with the no-attention condition. This enhancement of connectivity was more pronounced during the perception of right ear reports.DiscussionOur results are in line with previous reports describing gamma-band synchronization as a relevant neurophysiological mechanism involved in the interhemispheric connectivity according to the callosal relay model. Moreover, we newly added some evidence of attentional effects on this interhemispheric connectivity, consistent with the attention-executive model. Our results suggest that reciprocal inhibition could be involved in hemispheric lateralization processes.
{"title":"Top-down modulation of dichotic listening affects interhemispheric connectivity: an electroencephalography study","authors":"Osama Elyamany, Jona Iffland, Denise Lockhofen, Saskia Steinmann, Gregor Leicht, Christoph Mulert","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1424746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1424746","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionDichotic listening (DL) has been extensively used as a task to investigate auditory processing and hemispheric lateralisation in humans. According to the “callosal relay model,” the typical finding of a right ear advantage (REA) occurs because the information coming from the right ear has direct access to the left dominant hemisphere while the information coming from the left ear has to cross via the corpus callosum. The underlying neuroanatomical correlates and neurophysiological mechanisms have been described using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and lagged phase synchronization (LPS) of the interhemispheric auditory pathway. During the non-forced condition of DL, functional connectivity (LPS) of interhemispheric gamma-band coupling has been described as a relevant mechanism related to auditory perception in DL. In this study, we aimed to extend the previous results by exploring the effects of top-down modulation of DL (forced-attention condition) on interhemispheric gamma-band LPS.MethodsRight-handed healthy participants (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 31; 17 females) performed three blocks of DL with different attention instructions (no-attention, left-ear attention, right-ear attention) during simultaneous EEG recording with 64 channels. Source analysis was done with exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) and functional connectivity between bilateral auditory areas was assessed as LPS in the gamma-band frequency range.ResultsTwenty-four participants (77%) exhibited a right-ear advantage in the no-attention block. The left- and right-attention conditions significantly decreased and increased right-ear reports, respectively. Similar to the previous studies, functional connectivity analysis (gamma-band LPS) showed significantly increased connectivity between left and right Brodmann areas (BAs) 41 and 42 during left ear reports in contrast with right ear reports. Our new findings notably indicated that the right-attention condition exhibited significantly higher connectivity between BAs 42 compared with the no-attention condition. This enhancement of connectivity was more pronounced during the perception of right ear reports.DiscussionOur results are in line with previous reports describing gamma-band synchronization as a relevant neurophysiological mechanism involved in the interhemispheric connectivity according to the callosal relay model. Moreover, we newly added some evidence of attentional effects on this interhemispheric connectivity, consistent with the attention-executive model. Our results suggest that reciprocal inhibition could be involved in hemispheric lateralization processes.","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1448365
Ryo Furukawa, Kouta Kume, Takashi Tateno
In the auditory cortex, synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), plays crucial roles in information processing and adaptation to the auditory environment. Previous rodent studies have shown lifelong cortical map plasticity, even beyond the critical period of development. While thalamocortical synapses exhibit LTD during the critical period, little is known about LTD in the cortico-cortical connections of the adult mouse auditory cortex. Here, we investigated the transient response dynamics of LTD in layers 2–5 of the mouse auditory cortex following tetanic stimulation (TS) to layer 4. To characterize LTD properties, we developed a recording protocol to monitor activity levels at multiple sites, including those more than 0.45 mm from the TS site. This allowed us to distinguish LTD-induced reductions in neural excitability from other types, including neural activity depletion. Our findings revealed that LTD induced in layer 4 persisted for over 40-min post-TS, indicating robust cortico-cortical LTD. Using electrophysiological data and a modified synaptic model, we identified key receptors involved in synaptic plasticity and their effects on response dynamics, proposing a method for studying LTD in the mature mouse auditory cortex. Particularly, by employing a simple dynamical model, we analyzed and discussed the involvement of key receptors during the transient period of LTD. This study expands our understanding of synaptic plasticity in the mature mouse auditory cortex beyond the critical period, potentially informing future treatments for hearing disorders.
{"title":"Analyzing the transient response dynamics of long-term depression in the mouse auditory cortex in vitro through multielectrode-array-based spatiotemporal recordings","authors":"Ryo Furukawa, Kouta Kume, Takashi Tateno","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1448365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1448365","url":null,"abstract":"In the auditory cortex, synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), plays crucial roles in information processing and adaptation to the auditory environment. Previous rodent studies have shown lifelong cortical map plasticity, even beyond the critical period of development. While thalamocortical synapses exhibit LTD during the critical period, little is known about LTD in the cortico-cortical connections of the adult mouse auditory cortex. Here, we investigated the transient response dynamics of LTD in layers 2–5 of the mouse auditory cortex following tetanic stimulation (TS) to layer 4. To characterize LTD properties, we developed a recording protocol to monitor activity levels at multiple sites, including those more than 0.45 mm from the TS site. This allowed us to distinguish LTD-induced reductions in neural excitability from other types, including neural activity depletion. Our findings revealed that LTD induced in layer 4 persisted for over 40-min post-TS, indicating robust cortico-cortical LTD. Using electrophysiological data and a modified synaptic model, we identified key receptors involved in synaptic plasticity and their effects on response dynamics, proposing a method for studying LTD in the mature mouse auditory cortex. Particularly, by employing a simple dynamical model, we analyzed and discussed the involvement of key receptors during the transient period of LTD. This study expands our understanding of synaptic plasticity in the mature mouse auditory cortex beyond the critical period, potentially informing future treatments for hearing disorders.","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1411538
Fangyuan Xu, Ziliang Dai, Yu Ye, Peijia Hu, Hongliang Cheng
BackgroundStroke stands as a prominent cause of mortality and disability worldwide, posing a major public health concern. Recent years have witnessed rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI). Studies have explored the utilization of AI in imaging analysis, assistive rehabilitation, treatment, clinical decision-making, and outcome and risk prediction concerning stroke. However, there is still a lack of systematic bibliometric analysis to discern the current research status, hotspots, and possible future development trends of AI applications in stroke.MethodsThe publications on the application of AI in stroke were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, spanning 2004–2024. Only articles or reviews published in English were included in this study. Subsequently, a manual screening process was employed to eliminate literature not pertinent to the topic. Visualization diagrams for comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the included literature were generated using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Charticulator.ResultsThis bibliometric analysis included a total of 2,447 papers, and the annual publication volume shows a notable upward trajectory. The most prolific authors, countries, and institutions are Dukelow, Sean P., China, and the University of Calgary, respectively, making significant contributions to the advancement of this field. Notably, stable collaborative networks among authors and institutions have formed. Through clustering and citation burst analysis of keywords and references, the current research hotspots have been identified, including machine learning, deep learning, and AI applications in stroke rehabilitation and imaging for early diagnosis. Moreover, emerging research trends focus on machine learning as well as stroke outcomes and risk prediction.ConclusionThis study provides a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the literature regarding AI in stroke, facilitating a rapid comprehension of the development status, cooperative networks, and research priorities within the field. Furthermore, our analysis may provide a certain reference and guidance for future research endeavors.
背景中风是导致全球死亡和残疾的一个主要原因,是一个重大的公共卫生问题。近年来,人工智能(AI)发展迅速。已有研究探索了人工智能在影像分析、辅助康复、治疗、临床决策、卒中预后和风险预测等方面的应用。然而,目前仍缺乏系统的文献计量学分析,以了解人工智能在脑卒中应用方面的研究现状、热点及未来可能的发展趋势。方法从科学网核心数据库中检索有关人工智能在脑卒中应用方面的文献,时间跨度为 2004-2024 年。本研究只收录用英文发表的文章或综述。随后,我们采用人工筛选的方法剔除了与主题无关的文献。使用 CiteSpace、VOSviewer 和 Charticulator 生成了可视化图表,以便对收录的文献进行全面深入的分析。发表论文最多的作者、国家和机构分别是杜克洛(Dukelow, Sean P.)、中国和卡尔加里大学,他们为该领域的发展做出了重要贡献。值得注意的是,作者和机构之间形成了稳定的合作网络。通过对关键词和参考文献的聚类和引文猝发分析,确定了当前的研究热点,包括机器学习、深度学习、人工智能在脑卒中康复和成像早期诊断中的应用。此外,新出现的研究趋势主要集中在机器学习以及中风预后和风险预测方面。结论本研究对有关中风人工智能的文献进行了全面深入的分析,有助于快速了解该领域的发展现状、合作网络和研究重点。此外,我们的分析还可为未来的研究工作提供一定的参考和指导。
{"title":"Bibliometric and visualized analysis of the application of artificial intelligence in stroke","authors":"Fangyuan Xu, Ziliang Dai, Yu Ye, Peijia Hu, Hongliang Cheng","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1411538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1411538","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundStroke stands as a prominent cause of mortality and disability worldwide, posing a major public health concern. Recent years have witnessed rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI). Studies have explored the utilization of AI in imaging analysis, assistive rehabilitation, treatment, clinical decision-making, and outcome and risk prediction concerning stroke. However, there is still a lack of systematic bibliometric analysis to discern the current research status, hotspots, and possible future development trends of AI applications in stroke.MethodsThe publications on the application of AI in stroke were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, spanning 2004–2024. Only articles or reviews published in English were included in this study. Subsequently, a manual screening process was employed to eliminate literature not pertinent to the topic. Visualization diagrams for comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the included literature were generated using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Charticulator.ResultsThis bibliometric analysis included a total of 2,447 papers, and the annual publication volume shows a notable upward trajectory. The most prolific authors, countries, and institutions are Dukelow, Sean P., China, and the University of Calgary, respectively, making significant contributions to the advancement of this field. Notably, stable collaborative networks among authors and institutions have formed. Through clustering and citation burst analysis of keywords and references, the current research hotspots have been identified, including machine learning, deep learning, and AI applications in stroke rehabilitation and imaging for early diagnosis. Moreover, emerging research trends focus on machine learning as well as stroke outcomes and risk prediction.ConclusionThis study provides a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the literature regarding AI in stroke, facilitating a rapid comprehension of the development status, cooperative networks, and research priorities within the field. Furthermore, our analysis may provide a certain reference and guidance for future research endeavors.","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1430465
Yuan Cao, Lin-Wei Zhao, Zi-Xin Chen, Shao-Hua Li
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasingly recognized as being intertwined with the dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Lipids are a significant class of nutrients vital to all organisms, playing crucial roles in cellular structure, energy storage, and signaling. Alterations in the levels of various lipids in AD brains and dysregulation of lipid pathways and transportation have been implicated in AD pathogenesis. Clinically, evidence for a high-fat diet firmly links disrupted lipid metabolism to the pathogenesis and progression of AD, although contradictory findings warrant further exploration. In view of the significance of various lipids in brain physiology, the discovery of complex and diverse mechanisms that connect lipid metabolism with AD-related pathophysiology will bring new hope for patients with AD, underscoring the importance of lipid metabolism in AD pathophysiology, and promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Specifically, cholesterol, sphingolipids, and fatty acids have been shown to influence amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation, which are hallmarks of AD pathology. Recent studies have highlighted the potential therapeutic targets within lipid metabolism, such as enhancing apolipoprotein E lipidation, activating liver X receptors and retinoid X receptors, and modulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating the efficacy of these strategies, including the use of ketogenic diets, statin therapy, and novel compounds like NE3107. The implications of these findings suggest that targeting lipid metabolism could offer new avenues for the treatment and management of AD. By concentrating on alterations in lipid metabolism within the central nervous system and their contribution to AD development, this review aims to shed light on novel research directions and treatment approaches for combating AD, offering hope for the development of more effective management strategies.
人们越来越认识到,阿尔茨海默病(AD)与脂质代谢失调密切相关。脂质是一类对所有生物都至关重要的重要营养物质,在细胞结构、能量储存和信号传递中发挥着至关重要的作用。AD 大脑中各种脂质水平的改变以及脂质途径和运输的失调都与 AD 的发病机制有关。在临床上,有证据表明高脂饮食将脂质代谢紊乱与 AD 的发病和进展紧密联系在一起,尽管研究结果相互矛盾,但仍值得进一步探讨。鉴于各种脂质在大脑生理中的重要作用,发现脂质代谢与AD相关病理生理学之间复杂多样的关联机制将为AD患者带来新的希望,强调脂质代谢在AD病理生理学中的重要性,并有望成为治疗干预的靶点。具体而言,胆固醇、鞘脂和脂肪酸已被证明会影响淀粉样β(Aβ)的积累和tau过度磷酸化,而这正是AD病理学的标志。最近的研究强调了脂质代谢中的潜在治疗靶点,如增强脂蛋白E脂化、激活肝X受体和视黄醇X受体,以及调节过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体。目前正在进行的临床试验正在研究这些策略的疗效,包括使用生酮饮食、他汀类药物治疗以及 NE3107 等新型化合物。这些研究结果表明,针对脂质代谢的研究可以为治疗和控制注意力缺失症提供新的途径。通过集中研究中枢神经系统内脂质代谢的改变及其对注意力缺失症发展的贡献,本综述旨在阐明对抗注意力缺失症的新研究方向和治疗方法,为制定更有效的管理策略带来希望。
{"title":"New insights in lipid metabolism: potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Yuan Cao, Lin-Wei Zhao, Zi-Xin Chen, Shao-Hua Li","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1430465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1430465","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasingly recognized as being intertwined with the dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Lipids are a significant class of nutrients vital to all organisms, playing crucial roles in cellular structure, energy storage, and signaling. Alterations in the levels of various lipids in AD brains and dysregulation of lipid pathways and transportation have been implicated in AD pathogenesis. Clinically, evidence for a high-fat diet firmly links disrupted lipid metabolism to the pathogenesis and progression of AD, although contradictory findings warrant further exploration. In view of the significance of various lipids in brain physiology, the discovery of complex and diverse mechanisms that connect lipid metabolism with AD-related pathophysiology will bring new hope for patients with AD, underscoring the importance of lipid metabolism in AD pathophysiology, and promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Specifically, cholesterol, sphingolipids, and fatty acids have been shown to influence amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation, which are hallmarks of AD pathology. Recent studies have highlighted the potential therapeutic targets within lipid metabolism, such as enhancing apolipoprotein E lipidation, activating liver X receptors and retinoid X receptors, and modulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating the efficacy of these strategies, including the use of ketogenic diets, statin therapy, and novel compounds like NE3107. The implications of these findings suggest that targeting lipid metabolism could offer new avenues for the treatment and management of AD. By concentrating on alterations in lipid metabolism within the central nervous system and their contribution to AD development, this review aims to shed light on novel research directions and treatment approaches for combating AD, offering hope for the development of more effective management strategies.","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}