Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1395639
Helin Zheng, Lu Tian, Jinhua Cai
ObjectiveUnresponsive wakefulness syndrome/vegetative state (UWS/VS) and minimally conscious state (MCS) are considered different clinical entities, but their differential diagnosis remains challenging. As a potential clinical tool, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) could detect residual awareness without the need for the patients’ actual motor responses. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of fMRI for distinguishing between UWS/VS and MCS through a meta-analysis of the existing studies.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search (from the database creation date to November. 2023) for relevant English articles on fMRI for the differential diagnosis of UWS/VS and MCS. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR−), summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve, and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to assess the diagnostic value of fMRI in distinguishing between UWS/VS and MCS. The statistical I2 test was used to assess heterogeneity, and the source of heterogeneity was investigated by performing a meta-regression analysis. Publication bias was assessed using the Deeks funnel plot asymmetry test.ResultsTen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.71 (95% CI 0.62–0.79) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.54–0.84), respectively. The fMRI for the differential diagnosis of UWS/VS and MCS has a moderate positive likelihood ratio (2.5) and a relatively low negative likelihood ratio (0.40). Additionally, SROC curves showed that the AUC was 0.76 (95% CI 0.72–0.80).ConclusionFunctional magnetic resonance imaging has a good performance in the differential diagnosis of UWS/VS and MCS, and may provide a potential tool for evaluating the prognosis and guiding the rehabilitation therapy in patients with disorders of consciousness.
{"title":"Meta-analysis of the diagnostic value of functional magnetic resonance imaging for distinguishing unresponsive wakefulness syndrome/vegetative state and minimally conscious state","authors":"Helin Zheng, Lu Tian, Jinhua Cai","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1395639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1395639","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveUnresponsive wakefulness syndrome/vegetative state (UWS/<jats:italic>VS</jats:italic>) and minimally conscious state (MCS) are considered different clinical entities, but their differential diagnosis remains challenging. As a potential clinical tool, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) could detect residual awareness without the need for the patients’ actual motor responses. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of fMRI for distinguishing between UWS/<jats:italic>VS</jats:italic> and MCS through a meta-analysis of the existing studies.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search (from the database creation date to November. 2023) for relevant English articles on fMRI for the differential diagnosis of UWS/<jats:italic>VS</jats:italic> and MCS. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR−), summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve, and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to assess the diagnostic value of fMRI in distinguishing between UWS/<jats:italic>VS</jats:italic> and MCS. The statistical <jats:italic>I</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> test was used to assess heterogeneity, and the source of heterogeneity was investigated by performing a meta-regression analysis. Publication bias was assessed using the Deeks funnel plot asymmetry test.ResultsTen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.71 (95% CI 0.62–0.79) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.54–0.84), respectively. The fMRI for the differential diagnosis of UWS/<jats:italic>VS</jats:italic> and MCS has a moderate positive likelihood ratio (2.5) and a relatively low negative likelihood ratio (0.40). Additionally, SROC curves showed that the AUC was 0.76 (95% CI 0.72–0.80).ConclusionFunctional magnetic resonance imaging has a good performance in the differential diagnosis of UWS/<jats:italic>VS</jats:italic> and MCS, and may provide a potential tool for evaluating the prognosis and guiding the rehabilitation therapy in patients with disorders of consciousness.","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1451060
Mingyuan Xu, Lan Li, Bu Xu, Shanfang Yuan, Qin Zheng, Wenjun Sun
ObjectiveThis study aimed to observe the effect of edaravone dexborneol (EDB) on the incidence of early post-stroke depression (PSD) and explore its inflammatory mechanisms.MethodsA prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted from January 2022 to June 2023, involving patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) at the Neurology Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The control group received routine treatment, while the experimental group received routine combined EDB treatment. The main outcome measures included PSD incidence, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores on days 14 and 30, and inflammatory factor levels on day 14.ResultsA total of 93 patients were included in the study, 51 in the experimental group and 42 in the control group. On day 14, the PSD incidence was 13.7% in the experimental group, lower than 31.0% in the control group (95%CI 0.127–0.996; p = 0.044). Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed significantly lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β (95%CI 3.353–5.184), IL-6 (95%CI 2.694–3.426), TNF-α (95%CI 4.985–12.196), IFN-γ (95%CI 0.163–0.451), MCP-1 (95%CI 0.335–0.787), IL-17A (95%CI 0.543–1.024), and IL-23p19 (95%CI 1.677–1.959) (all p < 0.001), and higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 (95%CI −1.087 to −0.941), IL-10 (95%CI −6.125 to −1.662), and IL-13 (95%CI −6.078 to −2.953) (all p ≤ 0.001). On day 30, the PSD incidence in the experimental group was 15.7%, lower than 40.5% in the control group (95%CI 0.103–0.725; p = 0.007). Compared with the control group, the experimental group had lower PHQ-9 scores on day 14 (95%CI 0.034–1.577; p = 0.041) and day 30 (95%CI 0.018–1.573; p = 0.045), and also had lower HAMD scores on day 14 (95% CI 0.281–2.856; p = 0.018) and day 30 (95% CI 0.647–3.482; p = 0.005).ConclusionEDB could reduce the incidence of early PSD, reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and elevate anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, which was possibly related to the anti-inflammatory mechanism of EDB.Clinical trial registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier [ChiCTR2300067750].
{"title":"Observations on the efficacy of edaravone dexborneol in preventing post-stroke depression and its inflammatory mechanism: a prospective, randomized, control trial","authors":"Mingyuan Xu, Lan Li, Bu Xu, Shanfang Yuan, Qin Zheng, Wenjun Sun","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1451060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1451060","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThis study aimed to observe the effect of edaravone dexborneol (EDB) on the incidence of early post-stroke depression (PSD) and explore its inflammatory mechanisms.MethodsA prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted from January 2022 to June 2023, involving patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) at the Neurology Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The control group received routine treatment, while the experimental group received routine combined EDB treatment. The main outcome measures included PSD incidence, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores on days 14 and 30, and inflammatory factor levels on day 14.ResultsA total of 93 patients were included in the study, 51 in the experimental group and 42 in the control group. On day 14, the PSD incidence was 13.7% in the experimental group, lower than 31.0% in the control group (95%CI 0.127–0.996; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.044). Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed significantly lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β (95%CI 3.353–5.184), IL-6 (95%CI 2.694–3.426), TNF-α (95%CI 4.985–12.196), IFN-γ (95%CI 0.163–0.451), MCP-1 (95%CI 0.335–0.787), IL-17A (95%CI 0.543–1.024), and IL-23p19 (95%CI 1.677–1.959) (all <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 (95%CI −1.087 to −0.941), IL-10 (95%CI −6.125 to −1.662), and IL-13 (95%CI −6.078 to −2.953) (all <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ≤ 0.001). On day 30, the PSD incidence in the experimental group was 15.7%, lower than 40.5% in the control group (95%CI 0.103–0.725; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.007). Compared with the control group, the experimental group had lower PHQ-9 scores on day 14 (95%CI 0.034–1.577; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.041) and day 30 (95%CI 0.018–1.573; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.045), and also had lower HAMD scores on day 14 (95% CI 0.281–2.856; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.018) and day 30 (95% CI 0.647–3.482; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.005).ConclusionEDB could reduce the incidence of early PSD, reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and elevate anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, which was possibly related to the anti-inflammatory mechanism of EDB.Clinical trial registration<jats:ext-link>http://www.chictr.org.cn/</jats:ext-link>, identifier [ChiCTR2300067750].","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1411016
Kai Li, Jianwei Yang, Huaibo Wang, Xuejing Chang, Guanjun Liu, Ruiyang Xue, Weitao Guo, Yong Hu
Spinal cord ischemic-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) could occurs during surgical procedures without detection, presenting a complex course and an unfavorable prognosis. This may lead to postoperative sensory or motor dysfunction in areas innervated by the spinal cord, and in some cases, permanent paralysis. Timely detection of SCIRI and immediate waring can help surgeons implement remedial intervention to prevent irreversible spinal cord injury. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a precise and effective method for early detection of SCIRI. This study utilized rat models to simulate intraoperative SCIRI and employed somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) for continuous monitoring during surgery. In this study, SEP signal changes were examined in six groups with varying severities of SCIRI and one normal control group. SEP signal changes were examined during operations in different groups and correlated with postoperative behavioral and histopathological data. The result demonstrated specific changes in SEP signals during SCIRI, termed as time-varying characteristics, which are associated with the duration of ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. Time-varying characteristics in SEP could potentially serve as a new biomarker for the intraoperative detection of SCIRI. This finding is significant for clinical surgeons to identify and guide early intervention of SCIRI timely. Additionally, this measurement is easily translatable to clinical application.
{"title":"Time varying characteristic in somatosensory evoked potentials as a biomarker of spinal cord ischemic-reperfusion injury in rat","authors":"Kai Li, Jianwei Yang, Huaibo Wang, Xuejing Chang, Guanjun Liu, Ruiyang Xue, Weitao Guo, Yong Hu","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1411016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1411016","url":null,"abstract":"Spinal cord ischemic-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) could occurs during surgical procedures without detection, presenting a complex course and an unfavorable prognosis. This may lead to postoperative sensory or motor dysfunction in areas innervated by the spinal cord, and in some cases, permanent paralysis. Timely detection of SCIRI and immediate waring can help surgeons implement remedial intervention to prevent irreversible spinal cord injury. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a precise and effective method for early detection of SCIRI. This study utilized rat models to simulate intraoperative SCIRI and employed somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) for continuous monitoring during surgery. In this study, SEP signal changes were examined in six groups with varying severities of SCIRI and one normal control group. SEP signal changes were examined during operations in different groups and correlated with postoperative behavioral and histopathological data. The result demonstrated specific changes in SEP signals during SCIRI, termed as time-varying characteristics, which are associated with the duration of ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. Time-varying characteristics in SEP could potentially serve as a new biomarker for the intraoperative detection of SCIRI. This finding is significant for clinical surgeons to identify and guide early intervention of SCIRI timely. Additionally, this measurement is easily translatable to clinical application.","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1408105
Ruth H. Walker, Mariana Barreto, James R. Bateman, M. Leonor Bustamante, Graham Chiu, Scott Feitell, Beat M. Frey, Patricio Guerra, Sofia Guerrero, Hans H. Jung, Fernando Maldonado, Eduardo Meyer, Marcelo Miranda, Emelie McFarland, Patricia Oates, Gorka Ochoa, Karin Olsson, Martin Paucar, Jonatan Alvarez Proschle, Esther M. Sammler, Monica Troncoso, Rachel Wu-Wallace, Leo Young, Sunitha Vege, Connie M. Westhoff, Adrian Danek
XK disease is a very rare, multi-system disease, which can present with a wide spectrum of symptoms. This disorder can also be identified pre-symptomatically with the incidental detection of serological abnormalities when typing erythrocytes in peripheral blood, or on other routine laboratory testing. Increasing awareness of this disorder and improved access to genetic testing are resulting in increasing identification of affected patients and families. Here we provide updates to some previously-reported families and patients and provide additional clinical details. We also report four new cases with a variety of presentations, one of whom had a novel mutation.
{"title":"The protean presentations of XK disease (McLeod syndrome): a case series with new observations and updates on previously reported families","authors":"Ruth H. Walker, Mariana Barreto, James R. Bateman, M. Leonor Bustamante, Graham Chiu, Scott Feitell, Beat M. Frey, Patricio Guerra, Sofia Guerrero, Hans H. Jung, Fernando Maldonado, Eduardo Meyer, Marcelo Miranda, Emelie McFarland, Patricia Oates, Gorka Ochoa, Karin Olsson, Martin Paucar, Jonatan Alvarez Proschle, Esther M. Sammler, Monica Troncoso, Rachel Wu-Wallace, Leo Young, Sunitha Vege, Connie M. Westhoff, Adrian Danek","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1408105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1408105","url":null,"abstract":"XK disease is a very rare, multi-system disease, which can present with a wide spectrum of symptoms. This disorder can also be identified pre-symptomatically with the incidental detection of serological abnormalities when typing erythrocytes in peripheral blood, or on other routine laboratory testing. Increasing awareness of this disorder and improved access to genetic testing are resulting in increasing identification of affected patients and families. Here we provide updates to some previously-reported families and patients and provide additional clinical details. We also report four new cases with a variety of presentations, one of whom had a novel mutation.","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1455063
Jiaman Xu, Tingyuan Lang
{"title":"Editorial: Methods and applications in neurodegeneration.","authors":"Jiaman Xu, Tingyuan Lang","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1455063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1455063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11412954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142284291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1462893
Elysabeth D. Otte, Randall J. Roper
DYRK1A syndrome results from a reduction in copy number of the DYRK1A gene, which resides on human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). DYRK1A has been implicated in the development of cognitive phenotypes associated with many genetic disorders, including Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Additionally, overexpression of DYRK1A in DS has been implicated in the development of abnormal skeletal phenotypes in these individuals. Analyses of mouse models with Dyrk1a dosage imbalance (overexpression and underexpression) show skeletal deficits and abnormalities. Normalization of Dyrk1a copy number in an otherwise trisomic animal rescues some skeletal health parameters, and reduction of Dyrk1a copy number in an otherwise euploid (control) animal results in altered skeletal health measurements, including reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in the femur, mandible, and skull. However, little research has been conducted thus far on the implications of DYRK1A reduction on human skeletal health, specifically in individuals with DYRK1A syndrome. This review highlights the skeletal phenotypes of individuals with DYRK1A syndrome, as well as in murine models with reduced Dyrk1a copy number, and provides potential pathways altered by a reduction of DYRK1A copy number, which may impact skeletal health and phenotypes in these individuals. Understanding how decreased expression of DYRK1A in individuals with DYRK1A syndrome impacts bone health may increase awareness of skeletal traits and assist in the development of therapies to improve quality of life for these individuals.
{"title":"Skeletal health in DYRK1A syndrome","authors":"Elysabeth D. Otte, Randall J. Roper","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1462893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1462893","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>DYRK1A</jats:italic> syndrome results from a reduction in copy number of the <jats:italic>DYRK1A</jats:italic> gene, which resides on human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). <jats:italic>DYRK1A</jats:italic> has been implicated in the development of cognitive phenotypes associated with many genetic disorders, including Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Additionally, overexpression of <jats:italic>DYRK1A</jats:italic> in DS has been implicated in the development of abnormal skeletal phenotypes in these individuals. Analyses of mouse models with <jats:italic>Dyrk1a</jats:italic> dosage imbalance (overexpression and underexpression) show skeletal deficits and abnormalities. Normalization of <jats:italic>Dyrk1a</jats:italic> copy number in an otherwise trisomic animal rescues some skeletal health parameters, and reduction of <jats:italic>Dyrk1a</jats:italic> copy number in an otherwise euploid (control) animal results in altered skeletal health measurements, including reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in the femur, mandible, and skull. However, little research has been conducted thus far on the implications of <jats:italic>DYRK1A</jats:italic> reduction on human skeletal health, specifically in individuals with <jats:italic>DYRK1A</jats:italic> syndrome. This review highlights the skeletal phenotypes of individuals with <jats:italic>DYRK1A</jats:italic> syndrome, as well as in murine models with reduced <jats:italic>Dyrk1a</jats:italic> copy number, and provides potential pathways altered by a reduction of <jats:italic>DYRK1A</jats:italic> copy number, which may impact skeletal health and phenotypes in these individuals. Understanding how decreased expression of <jats:italic>DYRK1A</jats:italic> in individuals with <jats:italic>DYRK1A</jats:italic> syndrome impacts bone health may increase awareness of skeletal traits and assist in the development of therapies to improve quality of life for these individuals.","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1391465
Afreen Khan, Swaleha Zubair, Mohammed Shuaib, Abdullah Sheneamer, Shadab Alam, Basem Assiri
IntroductionMachine learning (ML) algorithms and statistical modeling offer a potential solution to offset the challenge of diagnosing early Alzheimer's disease (AD) by leveraging multiple data sources and combining information on neuropsychological, genetic, and biomarker indicators. Among others, statistical models are a promising tool to enhance the clinical detection of early AD. In the present study, early AD was diagnosed by taking into account characteristics related to whether or not a patient was taking specific drugs and a significant protein as a predictor of Amyloid-Beta (Aβ), tau, and ptau [AT(N)] levels among participants.MethodsIn this study, the optimization of predictive models for the diagnosis of AD pathologies was carried out using a set of baseline features. The model performance was improved by incorporating additional variables associated with patient drugs and protein biomarkers into the model. The diagnostic group consisted of five categories (cognitively normal, significant subjective memory concern, early mildly cognitively impaired, late mildly cognitively impaired, and AD), resulting in a multinomial classification challenge. In particular, we examined the relationship between AD diagnosis and the use of various drugs (calcium and vitamin D supplements, blood-thinning drugs, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and cognitive drugs). We propose a hybrid-clinical model that runs multiple ML models in parallel and then takes the majority's votes, enhancing the accuracy. We also assessed the significance of three cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, Aβ, tau, and ptau in the diagnosis of AD. We proposed that a hybrid-clinical model be used to simulate the MRI-based data, with five diagnostic groups of individuals, with further refinement that includes preclinical characteristics of the disorder. The proposed design builds a Meta-Model for four different sets of criteria. The set criteria are as follows: to diagnose from baseline features, baseline and drug features, baseline and protein features, and baseline, drug and protein features.ResultsWe were able to attain a maximum accuracy of 97.60% for baseline and protein data. We observed that the constructed model functioned effectively when all five drugs were included and when any single drug was used to diagnose the response variable. Interestingly, the constructed Meta-Model worked well when all three protein biomarkers were included, as well as when a single protein biomarker was utilized to diagnose the response variable.DiscussionIt is noteworthy that we aimed to construct a pipeline design that incorporates comprehensive methodologies to detect Alzheimer's over wide-ranging input values and variables in the current study. Thus, the model that we developed could be used by clinicians and medical experts to advance Alzheimer's diagnosis and as a starting point for future research into AD and other neurodegenerative syndromes.
导言机器学习（ML）算法和统计建模提供了一种潜在的解决方案，通过利用多种数据源并结合神经心理学、遗传学和生物标志物指标信息，可以应对诊断早期阿尔茨海默病（AD）所面临的挑战。其中，统计模型是增强早期阿尔茨海默病临床检测的一种很有前途的工具。在本研究中，通过考虑患者是否服用特定药物的相关特征，以及作为参与者中淀粉样蛋白-β（Aβ）、tau 和 ptau [AT(N)] 水平预测因子的一种重要蛋白质，诊断出早期 AD。通过在模型中加入与患者药物和蛋白质生物标志物相关的其他变量，提高了模型的性能。诊断组包括五个类别（认知正常、明显主观记忆障碍、早期轻度认知障碍、晚期轻度认知障碍和注意力缺失症），这就形成了多项式分类挑战。我们特别研究了注意力缺失症诊断与使用各种药物（钙和维生素 D 补充剂、血液稀释药物、降胆固醇药物和认知药物）之间的关系。我们提出了一种混合临床模型，该模型可并行运行多个 ML 模型，然后采纳多数人的投票，从而提高准确性。我们还评估了三种脑脊液生物标志物 Aβ、tau 和 ptau 在诊断 AD 中的重要性。我们建议使用混合临床模型模拟基于核磁共振成像的数据，其中包括五个诊断组别，并进一步细化，纳入该疾病的临床前特征。拟议的设计为四套不同的标准建立了元模型。这四组标准如下：根据基线特征进行诊断；根据基线和药物特征进行诊断；根据基线和蛋白质特征进行诊断；根据基线、药物和蛋白质特征进行诊断。我们观察到，在包含所有五种药物和使用任何一种药物诊断响应变量时，所构建的模型都能有效发挥作用。值得注意的是，在当前的研究中，我们的目标是构建一个管道设计，在广泛的输入值和变量中纳入检测阿尔茨海默氏症的综合方法。因此，临床医生和医学专家可以利用我们开发的模型来推进阿尔茨海默氏症的诊断，并将其作为未来研究阿尔茨海默氏症和其他神经退行性综合症的起点。
{"title":"Development of a robust parallel and multi-composite machine learning model for improved diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: correlation with dementia-associated drug usage and AT(N) protein biomarkers","authors":"Afreen Khan, Swaleha Zubair, Mohammed Shuaib, Abdullah Sheneamer, Shadab Alam, Basem Assiri","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1391465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1391465","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionMachine learning (ML) algorithms and statistical modeling offer a potential solution to offset the challenge of diagnosing early Alzheimer's disease (AD) by leveraging multiple data sources and combining information on neuropsychological, genetic, and biomarker indicators. Among others, statistical models are a promising tool to enhance the clinical detection of early AD. In the present study, early AD was diagnosed by taking into account characteristics related to whether or not a patient was taking specific drugs and a significant protein as a predictor of Amyloid-Beta (Aβ), tau, and ptau [AT(N)] levels among participants.MethodsIn this study, the optimization of predictive models for the diagnosis of AD pathologies was carried out using a set of baseline features. The model performance was improved by incorporating additional variables associated with patient drugs and protein biomarkers into the model. The diagnostic group consisted of five categories (cognitively normal, significant subjective memory concern, early mildly cognitively impaired, late mildly cognitively impaired, and AD), resulting in a multinomial classification challenge. In particular, we examined the relationship between AD diagnosis and the use of various drugs (calcium and vitamin D supplements, blood-thinning drugs, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and cognitive drugs). We propose a hybrid-clinical model that runs multiple ML models in parallel and then takes the majority's votes, enhancing the accuracy. We also assessed the significance of three cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, Aβ, tau, and ptau in the diagnosis of AD. We proposed that a hybrid-clinical model be used to simulate the MRI-based data, with five diagnostic groups of individuals, with further refinement that includes preclinical characteristics of the disorder. The proposed design builds a Meta-Model for four different sets of criteria. The set criteria are as follows: to diagnose from baseline features, baseline and drug features, baseline and protein features, and baseline, drug and protein features.ResultsWe were able to attain a maximum accuracy of 97.60% for baseline and protein data. We observed that the constructed model functioned effectively when all five drugs were included and when any single drug was used to diagnose the response variable. Interestingly, the constructed Meta-Model worked well when all three protein biomarkers were included, as well as when a single protein biomarker was utilized to diagnose the response variable.DiscussionIt is noteworthy that we aimed to construct a pipeline design that incorporates comprehensive methodologies to detect Alzheimer's over wide-ranging input values and variables in the current study. Thus, the model that we developed could be used by clinicians and medical experts to advance Alzheimer's diagnosis and as a starting point for future research into AD and other neurodegenerative syndromes.","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1450640
Pablo Urbizagastegui, André van Schaik, Runchun Wang
This paper addresses the challenges posed by frequent memory access during simulations of large-scale spiking neural networks involving synaptic plasticity. We focus on the memory accesses performed during a common synaptic plasticity rule since this can be a significant factor limiting the efficiency of the simulations. We propose neuron models that are represented by only three state variables, which are engineered to enforce the appropriate neuronal dynamics. Additionally, memory retrieval is executed solely by fetching postsynaptic variables, promoting a contiguous memory storage and leveraging the capabilities of burst mode operations to reduce the overhead associated with each access. Different plasticity rules could be implemented despite the adopted simplifications, each leading to a distinct synaptic weight distribution (i.e., unimodal and bimodal). Moreover, our method requires fewer average memory accesses compared to a naive approach. We argue that the strategy described can speed up memory transactions and reduce latencies while maintaining a small memory footprint.
{"title":"Memory-efficient neurons and synapses for spike-timing-dependent-plasticity in large-scale spiking networks","authors":"Pablo Urbizagastegui, André van Schaik, Runchun Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1450640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1450640","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the challenges posed by frequent memory access during simulations of large-scale spiking neural networks involving synaptic plasticity. We focus on the memory accesses performed during a common synaptic plasticity rule since this can be a significant factor limiting the efficiency of the simulations. We propose neuron models that are represented by only three state variables, which are engineered to enforce the appropriate neuronal dynamics. Additionally, memory retrieval is executed solely by fetching postsynaptic variables, promoting a contiguous memory storage and leveraging the capabilities of burst mode operations to reduce the overhead associated with each access. Different plasticity rules could be implemented despite the adopted simplifications, each leading to a distinct synaptic weight distribution (i.e., unimodal and bimodal). Moreover, our method requires fewer average memory accesses compared to a naive approach. We argue that the strategy described can speed up memory transactions and reduce latencies while maintaining a small memory footprint.","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BackgroundStroke is one of the most common causes of death and is the main cause of persistent and acquired disability in adults worldwide. Acupuncture is recommended by the World Health Organization as an alternative and complementary strategy for stroke treatment. However, the mechanism of the neural effects of acupuncture on stroke is still lacking a uniform conclusion. The purpose of this study is to clarify the neural effects of acupuncture for stroke from the perspective of neuroimaging.MethodsSeven databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database, Wan-Fang Data, and Chinese Biomedical Database, will be searched comprehensively according to the search strategy. All of them will be retrieved from the date of database establishment to December 31, 2023. All randomized controlled trials and observational studies will be considered for inclusion. The risk of bias will be assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Functional imaging of the whole brain in the resting functional state will be the primary outcome. A meta-analysis of primary outcome will be performed using Seed-based D Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images software. The data will be synthesized using a random effects model. Meta-analysis of other clinical data will be performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Publication bias will be assessed through funnel plots. Reports will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.ConclusionThis study will aggregate the results of independent studies to provide overall evidence for the neural effects of acupuncture for stroke.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=500306, Identifier CRD42024500306.
{"title":"The neural effects of acupuncture for stroke: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis based on fMRI","authors":"Shaojie Cai, Yihao Zhou, Siyu Yang, Yichang Liu, Yixiao Han, Dongyan Wang, Shuai Shi","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1443834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1443834","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundStroke is one of the most common causes of death and is the main cause of persistent and acquired disability in adults worldwide. Acupuncture is recommended by the World Health Organization as an alternative and complementary strategy for stroke treatment. However, the mechanism of the neural effects of acupuncture on stroke is still lacking a uniform conclusion. The purpose of this study is to clarify the neural effects of acupuncture for stroke from the perspective of neuroimaging.MethodsSeven databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database, Wan-Fang Data, and Chinese Biomedical Database, will be searched comprehensively according to the search strategy. All of them will be retrieved from the date of database establishment to December 31, 2023. All randomized controlled trials and observational studies will be considered for inclusion. The risk of bias will be assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Functional imaging of the whole brain in the resting functional state will be the primary outcome. A meta-analysis of primary outcome will be performed using Seed-based D Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images software. The data will be synthesized using a random effects model. Meta-analysis of other clinical data will be performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Publication bias will be assessed through funnel plots. Reports will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.ConclusionThis study will aggregate the results of independent studies to provide overall evidence for the neural effects of acupuncture for stroke.Clinical Trial Registration<jats:uri>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=500306</jats:uri>, Identifier CRD42024500306.","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1455294
Yinjuan Du, Zhichun Huang, Yuanqing Wu, Yuan Xue, Zigang Che
BackgroundThe glymphatic system has been regarded as a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Given the heightened risk of cognitive impairment in chronic tinnitus patients, the possible alterations of the glymphatic system in tinnitus patients remain elusive. This study was designed to evaluate glymphatic dysfunction in chronic tinnitus patients using the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) approach.MethodsFifty chronic tinnitus patients and 50 age, sex, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) with normal hearing thresholds were recruited. The DTI-ALPS was calculated from each group. We investigated the differences in the DTI-ALPS index between the tinnitus patients and HCs. The relationships between the DTI-ALPS index and specific cognitive performance were further assessed.ResultsThere were significant differences in the DTI-ALPS index between the two groups. The DTI-ALPS index was significantly lower in the tinnitus group than in HCs group (p < 0.01). In addition, the Dyyproj index was significantly higher in the tinnitus group than in the HC group (p < 0.01). In chronic tinnitus patients, the decreased DTI-ALPS index was negatively associated with worse TMT-B scores (r = −0.309, p = 0.039). Moreover, the increased Dyyproj index was negatively correlated with the reduced AVLT performances (r = −0.413, p = 0.005).ConclusionIn this current study, glymphatic system activity in chronic tinnitus was investigated for the first time using DTI-ALPS index. Significant decrease in glymphatic system function was detected in chronic tinnitus, which correlated well with the specific cognitive performance. The current study may provide pivotal imaging markers for chronic tinnitus with cognitive impairment.
{"title":"Glymphatic system dysfunction associated with cognitive impairment in chronic tinnitus patients","authors":"Yinjuan Du, Zhichun Huang, Yuanqing Wu, Yuan Xue, Zigang Che","doi":"10.3389/fnins.2024.1455294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1455294","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThe glymphatic system has been regarded as a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Given the heightened risk of cognitive impairment in chronic tinnitus patients, the possible alterations of the glymphatic system in tinnitus patients remain elusive. This study was designed to evaluate glymphatic dysfunction in chronic tinnitus patients using the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) approach.MethodsFifty chronic tinnitus patients and 50 age, sex, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) with normal hearing thresholds were recruited. The DTI-ALPS was calculated from each group. We investigated the differences in the DTI-ALPS index between the tinnitus patients and HCs. The relationships between the DTI-ALPS index and specific cognitive performance were further assessed.ResultsThere were significant differences in the DTI-ALPS index between the two groups. The DTI-ALPS index was significantly lower in the tinnitus group than in HCs group (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). In addition, the Dyyproj index was significantly higher in the tinnitus group than in the HC group (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). In chronic tinnitus patients, the decreased DTI-ALPS index was negatively associated with worse TMT-B scores (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = −0.309, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.039). Moreover, the increased Dyyproj index was negatively correlated with the reduced AVLT performances (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = −0.413, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.005).ConclusionIn this current study, glymphatic system activity in chronic tinnitus was investigated for the first time using DTI-ALPS index. Significant decrease in glymphatic system function was detected in chronic tinnitus, which correlated well with the specific cognitive performance. The current study may provide pivotal imaging markers for chronic tinnitus with cognitive impairment.","PeriodicalId":12639,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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