In this study, the material substitutions that would be achieved by upcycling and recycling methods that can be applied to waste printed circuit boards were compared through the sequential application of Streamlined Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques. Substitutions by upcycling methods were determined as gold mine, bronze mine, lead mine, activated carbon, and copper mine. And, portland cement, aggregate, sawdust, fiberglass and styrene butadiene rubber were determined as the substituted materials that can be obtained by recycling methods. At the S-LCA stage, CML-IA baseline and ReCiPe 2016 methods were used for the characterization. For the MCDM study, environmental, technical, and economic criteria were determined. Remarkable characterization results of S-LCA were used as the environmental criteria of MCDM. The Entropy method was used for the weighting of the criteria. TOPSIS method was used to compare the alternatives on the basis of weighted criteria. LCA study shows that impact categories of Abiotic Depletion Potential (element basis), Total Ecotoxicity Potential, and Human Toxicity Potential are the major impact categories. MCDM study shows that gold (0.9845) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) (0.7361) are the most appropriate substitutions that can be obtained by upcycling and recycling methods, respectively.
{"title":"Determining the Most Appropriate Material Substitution by Upcycling and Recycling Methods for The Management of Waste Printed Circuit Boards","authors":"Z. Günkaya, Zehra Gizem Eri̇s, A. Özkan, M. Banar","doi":"10.35208/ert.1244563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1244563","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the material substitutions that would be achieved by upcycling and recycling methods that can be applied to waste printed circuit boards were compared through the sequential application of Streamlined Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques. Substitutions by upcycling methods were determined as gold mine, bronze mine, lead mine, activated carbon, and copper mine. And, portland cement, aggregate, sawdust, fiberglass and styrene butadiene rubber were determined as the substituted materials that can be obtained by recycling methods. At the S-LCA stage, CML-IA baseline and ReCiPe 2016 methods were used for the characterization. For the MCDM study, environmental, technical, and economic criteria were determined. Remarkable characterization results of S-LCA were used as the environmental criteria of MCDM. The Entropy method was used for the weighting of the criteria. TOPSIS method was used to compare the alternatives on the basis of weighted criteria. LCA study shows that impact categories of Abiotic Depletion Potential (element basis), Total Ecotoxicity Potential, and Human Toxicity Potential are the major impact categories. MCDM study shows that gold (0.9845) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) (0.7361) are the most appropriate substitutions that can be obtained by upcycling and recycling methods, respectively.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115269821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waste management of olive pomace is difficult because of the high production amount and nonbiodegradable organic substances. Catalytic pyrolysis process is one of the effective methods for olive pomace management and for obtaining valuable organic substances from it. Therefore, in this study, different types of marble sludge were used as catalyst in the olive pomace pyrolysis process at 500°C temperature and 40% catalyst dose. Pyrolysis product yields and characteristics of pyrolysis biochars were investigated. The highest product yield for biochar liquid and gas fractions was obtained with the catalyst (K1) that is the sludge obtained from physicochemical treatment of travertine type marble processing wastewater with alum. The biochar obtained for OP-K1 pyrolysis has the highest initial decomposition temperature. Biochar obtained by using K6 catalyst (physicochemical treatment sludge of natural stone type marble processing wastewater with PEL) had a more granular distribution. Biochar having the highest calorific value (1193 cal/g) was obtained with the catalytic pyrolysis of olive pomace with the marble sludge obtained from physicochemical treatment of natural stone type marble processing wastewater with alum catalyst (K4). Biochars obtained with the K1 and K6 catalysts has similar calorific values. Besides calorific values, the characteristics of biochars indicated that these biochars can be used diverse purposes either as additive or feedstock. Consequently, K1 catalyst can be recommended for olive pomace catalytic pyrolysis when biochars are evaluated in terms of product yield and biochar characteristics.
{"title":"Marble Sludges as Environmentally Friendly Catalysts in Olive Pomace Pyrolysis: Effect of Sludge Composition on Pyrolysis Products","authors":"Gamze Göktepeli, E. Yel","doi":"10.35208/ert.1209639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1209639","url":null,"abstract":"Waste management of olive pomace is difficult because of the high production amount and nonbiodegradable organic substances. Catalytic pyrolysis process is one of the effective methods for olive pomace management and for obtaining valuable organic substances from it. Therefore, in this study, different types of marble sludge were used as catalyst in the olive pomace pyrolysis process at 500°C temperature and 40% catalyst dose. Pyrolysis product yields and characteristics of pyrolysis biochars were investigated. The highest product yield for biochar liquid and gas fractions was obtained with the catalyst (K1) that is the sludge obtained from physicochemical treatment of travertine type marble processing wastewater with alum. The biochar obtained for OP-K1 pyrolysis has the highest initial decomposition temperature. Biochar obtained by using K6 catalyst (physicochemical treatment sludge of natural stone type marble processing wastewater with PEL) had a more granular distribution. Biochar having the highest calorific value (1193 cal/g) was obtained with the catalytic pyrolysis of olive pomace with the marble sludge obtained from physicochemical treatment of natural stone type marble processing wastewater with alum catalyst (K4). Biochars obtained with the K1 and K6 catalysts has similar calorific values. Besides calorific values, the characteristics of biochars indicated that these biochars can be used diverse purposes either as additive or feedstock. Consequently, K1 catalyst can be recommended for olive pomace catalytic pyrolysis when biochars are evaluated in terms of product yield and biochar characteristics.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131596063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sevgi Güneş Durak, Seren Acarer, Güler Türkoğlu Demirkol
A lab-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was used for biogas production from the citrus juice process wastewater (CPWW). The volume of the reactor was 11.5 L. During 200 days of the reactor, the organic loading rate (OLR) value changed from 1.8-21.9 kgCOD./m3.d, upflow velocities (Vup) 0.1-5.2 m/h and hydraulic retention time (HRT) changed from 0.042 to 4.16 days. The reactor showed a stable performance at all organic loadings. The COD removal efficiencies obtained from the experiments are 71.5 ± 21% and 83.3 ± 16.3% for total and soluble COD, respectively. The acetic acid concentration changed from 135 to 650 mg/L. The temperature was kept in the range of 35.1 ± 1.4 oC, the pH in the range of 6.6 ± 0.2, and the alkalinity was controlled daily and kept in the range of 411 ± 273 CaCO3 mg/L. After anaerobic reactions, 6283 ± 3476 m3/d biogas was produced and the methane concentration in the biogas was 65.5 ± 11.5%. Depending on the methane production, the annual energy value potential that can be obtained from the existing UASB reactor is estimated as 48,768 kWh.
{"title":"Treatment of Citrus Juice Process Wastewater with UASB and Biogas Production","authors":"Sevgi Güneş Durak, Seren Acarer, Güler Türkoğlu Demirkol","doi":"10.35208/ert.1232198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1232198","url":null,"abstract":"A lab-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was used for biogas production from the citrus juice process wastewater (CPWW). The volume of the reactor was 11.5 L. During 200 days of the reactor, the organic loading rate (OLR) value changed from 1.8-21.9 kgCOD./m3.d, upflow velocities (Vup) 0.1-5.2 m/h and hydraulic retention time (HRT) changed from 0.042 to 4.16 days. The reactor showed a stable performance at all organic loadings. The COD removal efficiencies obtained from the experiments are 71.5 ± 21% and 83.3 ± 16.3% for total and soluble COD, respectively. The acetic acid concentration changed from 135 to 650 mg/L. The temperature was kept in the range of 35.1 ± 1.4 oC, the pH in the range of 6.6 ± 0.2, and the alkalinity was controlled daily and kept in the range of 411 ± 273 CaCO3 mg/L. After anaerobic reactions, 6283 ± 3476 m3/d biogas was produced and the methane concentration in the biogas was 65.5 ± 11.5%. Depending on the methane production, the annual energy value potential that can be obtained from the existing UASB reactor is estimated as 48,768 kWh.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114530744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although the climate crisis continues to show its effects without slowing down, global average temperatures increase in direct proportion to the increase in carbon dioxide. In addition, international political measures are insufficient and they are going on a plane where the interests of countries or companies are tried to be maintained rather than the fight against the climate crisis. The aviation and tourism sectors are at the top of these operating planes. In particular, the rapid growth of the aviation industry and its relationship with the development of tourism pose an essential problem for the future in the fight against the climate crisis. This study examined the average personal carbon footprint of the flights to Cappadocia Airport between 2016-2019. In particular, the Cappadocia region is an important tourism region of Turkey, but it comes to the fore with almost every take in the middle of Turkey. As a result, while there was an increase in the total carbon dioxide rate according to the number of flights, the personal carbon footprint showed an inverse proportion. Considering the location of the Cappadocia region and Turkey's transportation policy, transportation preferences should be reviewed in terms of both the state and construction.
{"title":"Determination of Personal Carbon Footprint in Aviation and Tourism Axis: Cappadocia Airport Case","authors":"Selçuk Gürçam","doi":"10.35208/ert.1221724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1221724","url":null,"abstract":"Although the climate crisis continues to show its effects without slowing down, global average temperatures increase in direct proportion to the increase in carbon dioxide. In addition, international political measures are insufficient and they are going on a plane where the interests of countries or companies are tried to be maintained rather than the fight against the climate crisis. The aviation and tourism sectors are at the top of these operating planes. In particular, the rapid growth of the aviation industry and its relationship with the development of tourism pose an essential problem for the future in the fight against the climate crisis. This study examined the average personal carbon footprint of the flights to Cappadocia Airport between 2016-2019. In particular, the Cappadocia region is an important tourism region of Turkey, but it comes to the fore with almost every take in the middle of Turkey. As a result, while there was an increase in the total carbon dioxide rate according to the number of flights, the personal carbon footprint showed an inverse proportion. Considering the location of the Cappadocia region and Turkey's transportation policy, transportation preferences should be reviewed in terms of both the state and construction.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127541049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, effect of two chemical compounds (i.e., 1-octanol and hexanal) respectively from the alcohol and aldehyde groups on thermophilic (55±2 °C) anaerobic process digesting the waste produced at a paper industry was investigated. In this scope, possible inhibition was monitored by the cumulative methane (CH4) yields in the batch reactors digesting the paper waste as the feedstock at concentrations of 0.005%, 0.05%, and 0.5% for each compound. Comparing the effects of the two different groups with the control reactor having only the paper waste as the substrate, the results revealed that adding 1-octanol and hexanal up to 0.05% concentrations had some synergistic effect on biogas yield (i.e., from 3% to 12% enhancement). Accordingly, the highest methane yields were 678 and 695 mL/g-VSfed, respectively on average in the presence of 1-octanol and hexanal at a concentration of 0.05% while the cumulative methane yield was observed as 618 mL/g-VSfed for the control reactor. With the exception of 1-octanol at 0.5%, adding both compounds at each investigated concentration was beneficial for the digestion in the batch process. Therefore, the selected alcohol and aldehyde sources did not cause the expected detrimental effect on the methanogens even at the maximum amounts added in this study. Nevertheless, since the effect of the chemical compounds on methane generation has been generally concentration-dependent, the toxic effects of 1-octanol and hexanal would be better observed at higher concentrations (0.5%), especially when their threshold levels are exceeded in anaerobic reactors digesting paper wastes.
{"title":"Methane Yield of Paper Industry Waste in the Presence of Two Compounds from Alcohol and Aldehyde Groups During Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion","authors":"E. Yarsur, I. Horváth, C. Yangin-Gomec","doi":"10.35208/ert.1212911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1212911","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, effect of two chemical compounds (i.e., 1-octanol and hexanal) respectively from the alcohol and aldehyde groups on thermophilic (55±2 °C) anaerobic process digesting the waste produced at a paper industry was investigated. In this scope, possible inhibition was monitored by the cumulative methane (CH4) yields in the batch reactors digesting the paper waste as the feedstock at concentrations of 0.005%, 0.05%, and 0.5% for each compound. Comparing the effects of the two different groups with the control reactor having only the paper waste as the substrate, the results revealed that adding 1-octanol and hexanal up to 0.05% concentrations had some synergistic effect on biogas yield (i.e., from 3% to 12% enhancement). Accordingly, the highest methane yields were 678 and 695 mL/g-VSfed, respectively on average in the presence of 1-octanol and hexanal at a concentration of 0.05% while the cumulative methane yield was observed as 618 mL/g-VSfed for the control reactor. With the exception of 1-octanol at 0.5%, adding both compounds at each investigated concentration was beneficial for the digestion in the batch process. Therefore, the selected alcohol and aldehyde sources did not cause the expected detrimental effect on the methanogens even at the maximum amounts added in this study. Nevertheless, since the effect of the chemical compounds on methane generation has been generally concentration-dependent, the toxic effects of 1-octanol and hexanal would be better observed at higher concentrations (0.5%), especially when their threshold levels are exceeded in anaerobic reactors digesting paper wastes.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128636290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy and fossil fuel supplies have been threatened by the depletion of fossil fuels on a global scale, as well as by the constant rise in oil prices and the continual increase in environmental degradation. On the other hand, polymer waste has increased due to its usage in a daily lifestyle because of its cheap cost, ease of production, and adaptability. Indirectly, these polymer wastes are causing some major problems for the ecosystem and other living things. By transforming waste polymers into usable energy, can address for both the non-biodegradability of polymers and the need for an alternative fuel. This research paper aims to evaluate the performance of fuel produced by the pyrolysis of polyethylene polymer. Three distinct alcohol additive blends with polymer fuel were investigated in a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine for their performance and emission characteristics. The results were further analysed using the design of experiment tool, "Full Factorial Design" to determine the most optimal running condition.
{"title":"Sustainability improvement by utilizing polymer waste as an energy source for a diesel engine with alcohol additives","authors":"P. S., V. T., S. Mahalingam, G. S, G. K","doi":"10.35208/ert.1222222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1222222","url":null,"abstract":"Energy and fossil fuel supplies have been threatened by the depletion of fossil fuels on a global scale, as well as by the constant rise in oil prices and the continual increase in environmental degradation. On the other hand, polymer waste has increased due to its usage in a daily lifestyle because of its cheap cost, ease of production, and adaptability. Indirectly, these polymer wastes are causing some major problems for the ecosystem and other living things. By transforming waste polymers into usable energy, can address for both the non-biodegradability of polymers and the need for an alternative fuel. This research paper aims to evaluate the performance of fuel produced by the pyrolysis of polyethylene polymer. Three distinct alcohol additive blends with polymer fuel were investigated in a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine for their performance and emission characteristics. The results were further analysed using the design of experiment tool, \"Full Factorial Design\" to determine the most optimal running condition.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130470083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Generation of the huge amount of bio-waste and their residue The generation of the huge amount of biowaste and its residues, including incineration ash, is a major technical and sustainability problem. To solve this problem, incorporating nutrient-rich residues into crop production has become an efficient practice to increase crop production. Vermicomposting of these wastes could be a viable option to manage both biowastes and their products in an environmentally friendly manner and close the material loop in bioenergy production. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of vermicompost from biomass ash under hot and dry climatic conditions in summer on growth, yield and yield components of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr). The high photosynthetic activity of sweet sorghum is important for biofuel production under conditions of high solar energy and water scarcity. This study provides a general overview of the feasibility of biomass ash vermicomposting processes and their potential use as a nutrient source for C4 sorghum under Bitlis ecological conditions of high solar potential and low water availability. Under Bitlis climatic conditions, the best yield was obtained when vermicompost was applied with a biomass ash content of 10.0% (T3). Plant height, plant weight, sugarcane and juice yields were reported as 133 cm, 146 g, 180 kg/da and 105 L/da, respectively.
包括焚烧灰在内的大量生物废物及其残余物的产生是一个重大的技术和可持续性问题。为了解决这一问题，在作物生产中加入富含营养的残留物已成为提高作物产量的有效做法。蚯蚓堆肥这些废物可能是一种可行的选择，可以以环境友好的方式管理生物废物及其产品，并关闭生物能源生产中的物质循环。因此，本研究的主要目的是研究夏季干热气候条件下生物质灰分蚯蚓堆肥对甜高粱(sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum, L.)生长、产量和产量成分的影响。Mohlenbr)。甜高粱的高光合活性对高太阳能和缺水条件下的生物燃料生产具有重要意义。本研究综述了在Bitlis高光能低水分生态条件下，生物质灰分蚯蚓堆肥工艺的可行性及其作为C4高粱营养源的潜力。在比利时气候条件下，施用生物质灰分含量为10.0% (T3)的蚯蚓堆肥产量最佳。株高133 cm，株重146 g，甘蔗产量180 kg/da，果汁产量105 L/da。
{"title":"Effect of Biomass Ash Vermicompost on Sweet Sorghum under Hot and Dry Agro Ecological Condition","authors":"Güldane Aslı Turp, S. Özdemi̇r","doi":"10.35208/ert.1226092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1226092","url":null,"abstract":"Generation of the huge amount of bio-waste and their residue The generation of the huge amount of biowaste and its residues, including incineration ash, is a major technical and sustainability problem. To solve this problem, incorporating nutrient-rich residues into crop production has become an efficient practice to increase crop production. Vermicomposting of these wastes could be a viable option to manage both biowastes and their products in an environmentally friendly manner and close the material loop in bioenergy production. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of vermicompost from biomass ash under hot and dry climatic conditions in summer on growth, yield and yield components of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr). The high photosynthetic activity of sweet sorghum is important for biofuel production under conditions of high solar energy and water scarcity. This study provides a general overview of the feasibility of biomass ash vermicomposting processes and their potential use as a nutrient source for C4 sorghum under Bitlis ecological conditions of high solar potential and low water availability. Under Bitlis climatic conditions, the best yield was obtained when vermicompost was applied with a biomass ash content of 10.0% (T3). Plant height, plant weight, sugarcane and juice yields were reported as 133 cm, 146 g, 180 kg/da and 105 L/da, respectively.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126870404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sultana, N. Rahman, M. Razzak, Md. Nabul Sardar
Selective isolation of uranium (VI) from wastewater is now a subject of concern due to its damaging effect on living beings. In this study, the pre-irradiation technique was used to prepare grafted polymeric adsorbent by diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC) and acrylic acid (AAc) onto nonwoven polyethylene fabric (PE) and the grafted adsorbent was applied for uranium (VI) adsorption from aqueous solution by batch method. After irradiation of the non-woven polyethylene fabrics with 50 kGy radiation dose, the grafting reaction was carried out at 80º C with a monomer solution consisting of 20 g DADMAC and 20 g AAc to 110 mL deionized water. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA). After treatment with NaOH solution, the adsorption study was analyzed by pH, initial metal ion concentrations, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption of U(VI). The highest graft yield was achieved at 598%. The maximum adsorption capacity achieved at 160 mg/g was found by treating with 0.1M NaOH for 4 minutes with an initial concentration of 1000 ppm, pH 3.3, and a contact time of 48 hours at room temperature (25°C). Kinetic adsorption data fitted better with the pseudo-second-order equation and a good correlation of experimental data with the Langmuir isotherm model suggested monolayer adsorption. Langmuir equation showed that the maximum adsorption capacity for U(VI) was 333.333 mg/g. The study depicted good results on the desorption and reuse of the adsorbent.
从废水中选择性分离铀(VI)是目前关注的一个问题，因为它对生物具有破坏性影响。本研究采用预辐照技术在聚乙烯非织造布(PE)上制备了二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(DADMAC)和丙烯酸(AAc)接枝聚合物吸附剂，并将该接枝吸附剂应用于水溶液中铀(VI)的批量吸附。以50 kGy的辐射剂量辐照聚乙烯无纺布后，以20 g DADMAC和20 g AAc组成的单体溶液加入110 mL去离子水，在80℃下进行接枝反应。采用傅里叶红外(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和热重分析(TGA)对所制备的吸附剂进行了表征。NaOH溶液处理后，考察pH、初始金属离子浓度、接触时间和温度对U(VI)吸附的影响。接枝收率最高，为598%。在室温(25℃)条件下，以0.1M NaOH为溶剂，初始浓度为1000 ppm, pH为3.3，接触时间为48 h，处理时间为4分钟，吸附量最大，为160 mg/g。动力学吸附数据与拟二阶方程拟合较好，实验数据与Langmuir等温线模型的相关性较好，表明其为单层吸附。Langmuir方程表明，对U(VI)的最大吸附量为333.333 mg/g。研究结果表明，该吸附剂的解吸和回用效果良好。
{"title":"Diallyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DADMAC) and Acrylic Acid (AAc) Embedded Nonwoven Irradiated Polyethylene Fabric as Efficient Adsorbent to Separate U(VI) from Aqueous Solution","authors":"S. Sultana, N. Rahman, M. Razzak, Md. Nabul Sardar","doi":"10.35208/ert.1188385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1188385","url":null,"abstract":"Selective isolation of uranium (VI) from wastewater is now a subject of concern due to its damaging effect on living beings. In this study, the pre-irradiation technique was used to prepare grafted polymeric adsorbent by diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC) and acrylic acid (AAc) onto nonwoven polyethylene fabric (PE) and the grafted adsorbent was applied for uranium (VI) adsorption from aqueous solution by batch method. After irradiation of the non-woven polyethylene fabrics with 50 kGy radiation dose, the grafting reaction was carried out at 80º C with a monomer solution consisting of 20 g DADMAC and 20 g AAc to 110 mL deionized water. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA). After treatment with NaOH solution, the adsorption study was analyzed by pH, initial metal ion concentrations, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption of U(VI). The highest graft yield was achieved at 598%. The maximum adsorption capacity achieved at 160 mg/g was found by treating with 0.1M NaOH for 4 minutes with an initial concentration of 1000 ppm, pH 3.3, and a contact time of 48 hours at room temperature (25°C). Kinetic adsorption data fitted better with the pseudo-second-order equation and a good correlation of experimental data with the Langmuir isotherm model suggested monolayer adsorption. Langmuir equation showed that the maximum adsorption capacity for U(VI) was 333.333 mg/g. The study depicted good results on the desorption and reuse of the adsorbent.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124049498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the occurrence and morphology of microplastics in a small fishing port in the Black Sea were determined by bulk sampling and visually analyzed by a stereo microscope. Three sampling campaigns were carried out, two of which were after the opening of the legal fishing season. The average abundance of the microplastics was found to be 3417+1401 items/m3. The determined microplastic concentration was 1.43 times higher on the day of the most intense fishing activities. No statistically significant differences were observed for the different sampling locations (coast, middle, and seaside). The most frequent microplastic colors observed were blue, followed by black, green, red, white, and grey, while fibers represented the dominant shape. The prevalent size of microplastics was
{"title":"Microplastic pollution in a small fishing port in Zonguldak/Turkey","authors":"G. Demirel Bayik, E. Aydemir","doi":"10.35208/ert.1204883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1204883","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the occurrence and morphology of microplastics in a small fishing port in the Black Sea were determined by bulk sampling and visually analyzed by a stereo microscope. Three sampling campaigns were carried out, two of which were after the opening of the legal fishing season. The average abundance of the microplastics was found to be 3417+1401 items/m3. The determined microplastic concentration was 1.43 times higher on the day of the most intense fishing activities. No statistically significant differences were observed for the different sampling locations (coast, middle, and seaside). The most frequent microplastic colors observed were blue, followed by black, green, red, white, and grey, while fibers represented the dominant shape. The prevalent size of microplastics was","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121851485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of disinfectants is intensive and widespread during the pandemic. Disinfectants are mixed with various organic waste water substances, and also resuspend from the soil surface during the rainy season, which are eventually discharged into river waters. This study aimed to assess the potential of alcohol in detoxifying wastes containing organic substances so as to secure their disposal into water bodies. Preparation of organic substance solutions, aquatic test biota, and measurement of substance concentration parameters, as well as substance toxicity to biota, were all carried out using international standard laboratory protocols. In addition, real wastewater containing various organic substances was also investigated. It was revealed that the toxicity rating of organic substances to microbes was in line with their toxicity rating to zebrafish aquatic biota indicator. The toxicity rating of organic substances to microbes was expressed in the ratio of biological to chemical oxygen demand. The acute lethal concentration of half the number of zebrafish was a rating of the toxicity of organic substances to aquatic biota. Both of these toxicity measures were closely related to the solubility properties of substances in organic matter, which were expressed as octanol water partition coefficient values. A very important finding was the potential of alcohol to detoxify wastewater containing mixed organic substances to secure its discharge into water bodies. This supports the continued use of alcohol disinfectants as a health protocol in daily life.
{"title":"Chemical disinfectants detoxify wastewater containing various organic substances","authors":"Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo, Latifa MİRZATİKA AL-ROSYİD","doi":"10.35208/ert.1208362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1208362","url":null,"abstract":"The use of disinfectants is intensive and widespread during the pandemic. Disinfectants are mixed with various organic waste water substances, and also resuspend from the soil surface during the rainy season, which are eventually discharged into river waters. This study aimed to assess the potential of alcohol in detoxifying wastes containing organic substances so as to secure their disposal into water bodies. Preparation of organic substance solutions, aquatic test biota, and measurement of substance concentration parameters, as well as substance toxicity to biota, were all carried out using international standard laboratory protocols. In addition, real wastewater containing various organic substances was also investigated. It was revealed that the toxicity rating of organic substances to microbes was in line with their toxicity rating to zebrafish aquatic biota indicator. The toxicity rating of organic substances to microbes was expressed in the ratio of biological to chemical oxygen demand. The acute lethal concentration of half the number of zebrafish was a rating of the toxicity of organic substances to aquatic biota. Both of these toxicity measures were closely related to the solubility properties of substances in organic matter, which were expressed as octanol water partition coefficient values. A very important finding was the potential of alcohol to detoxify wastewater containing mixed organic substances to secure its discharge into water bodies. This supports the continued use of alcohol disinfectants as a health protocol in daily life.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125547395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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