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Stress, coping, and mental health status among nursing students at a private university in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand 泰国那空府一所私立大学护理专业学生的压力、应对和心理健康状况
Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-23263
S. Molina, Sarah Jane Racal
Background: Stress, especially among young people, leads to life-threatening mental conditions such as depression and suicide. Nursing students, in particular, are exposed to different kinds of stress such as pressures from both academic and clinical exposures coupled with expectations to succeed. These stressors influence individual coping styles which may eventually affect students’ mental, physical, and over-all wellbeing leading to the decline in their learning and academic performance. Aims: This descriptive-correlational study was aimed at exploring the relationships among stress, coping, and mental health status among nursing students at a private university in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Methods: Using a systematic random sampling, a descriptive cross-sectional study was done among one hundred and fifty 3rd and 4th year nursing students under the international nursing program. The Perceived Stress Scale, Brief COPE, and the General Health Questionnaire were used to assess the level of stress, the coping strategies used, and the mental health status of the respondents. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and Pearson’s correlation were used to answer the research questions. Results: It revealed that the nursing students had moderate level of perceived stress, used acceptance as the most common form of coping, and substance use and denial as the least used. Furthermore, the respondents had mild level of mental health related-illness. Significant gender differences were found in the perceived level of stress, and use of coping strategies. While mental health status significantly differed according to year level and interest in nursing. Significant mild to moderate relationships were found among perceived stress level, coping strategies, mental health status, and selected socio-demographic variables. Conclusion: The findings of the study provide additional useful information on the relationships of stress, coping, and health outcomes. Results can also be useful in creating a stress management program for nursing students such as awareness on individual stress response and reinforcing the use of healthy coping strategies. 
背景:压力,尤其是年轻人的压力,会导致威胁生命的精神状况,如抑郁和自杀。尤其是护理专业的学生,他们面临着各种各样的压力,比如来自学术和临床的压力,以及对成功的期望。这些压力源影响个人的应对方式,最终可能影响学生的心理、身体和整体健康,导致他们的学习和学业成绩下降。目的:本描述性相关研究旨在探讨泰国那空府一所私立大学护生的压力、应对和心理健康状况之间的关系。方法:采用系统随机抽样的方法,对153名国际护理专业大三、四年级学生进行描述性横断面研究。采用压力感知量表、简易COPE和一般健康问卷对被调查者的压力水平、应对策略和心理健康状况进行评估。使用描述性统计、t检验和Pearson相关来回答研究问题。结果:护生有中等水平的压力感知,以接受为最常见的应对方式,以物质使用和拒绝为最少的应对方式。此外,受访者有轻度的心理健康相关疾病。在压力感知水平和应对策略的使用上发现了显著的性别差异。心理健康状况根据年级和护理兴趣有显著差异。感知压力水平、应对策略、心理健康状况和选定的社会人口变量之间存在显著的轻度至中度关系。结论:研究结果为压力、应对和健康结果之间的关系提供了额外的有用信息。结果也可用于为护理学生创建压力管理程序,如个人压力反应的意识和加强健康应对策略的使用。
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引用次数: 1
Knowledge transfer of advances in applied health and science 应用卫生和科学进展的知识转移
Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.35898/GHMJ-22202
A. Macnab
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引用次数: 0
Selective Abortion After Preimplantation Sex Selection: An Ethical and Legal Issue in Indonesia 植入前性别选择后的选择性流产:印度尼西亚的伦理和法律问题
Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.35898/GHMJ-22196
Pujiyono Pujiyono, Rani Tiyas Budiyanti
Background: The emerging of sex selection technology in Indonesia is sperm sorting, meanwhile sex selection with Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) methods is not widely used. The use of sperm sorting has bigger chance to fail than PGD, thus potentially cause ethical and legal problems that is selective abortion during pregnancy. The potency for selective abortion is enlarged by Indonesian law that permitting sex selection without distinction of medical and non-medical reasons. There is no special policy to regulate the selective abortion because of sex selection failure.  Aims: This study aims to find out the legal concept of selective abortion after preimplantation sex selection that appropriate to be applied in Indonesia.Methods: This research is normative research that use analytics method with legal approach and conceptual approach. The research material consists of primary legal material (legislation about sex selection and abortion in Indonesia), secondary legal materials (legal journals, law books, and legal proceedings), and also non-legal materials (journals, books, and health proceedings about sex selection and abortion).Results: In Indonesia meanwhile in general, abortion is permitted for pregnancy with medical indication and rape victim. Through a statue approach in Indonesia, selective abortion after preimplantation sex selection can be implemented for strong medical reasons. While the failure for non-medical reasons can’t be aborted. This regulation contrary with ethics, morals and religion. Selective abortion should not be done because of preimplantation sex selection failure either medical or non-medical reasons. Conclusion: Selective abortion after preimplantation sex selection both medical and non medical reason contrary with moral, ethical, and religion. Indonesia needs to regulate further policy about selective abortion if there is a failure of preimplantation sex selection.
背景:印度尼西亚新兴的性别选择技术是精子分选,而植入前遗传学诊断(PGD)方法的性别选择应用并不广泛。使用精子分选比PGD有更大的失败机会,从而潜在地引起伦理和法律问题,即在怀孕期间选择性流产。印度尼西亚法律允许不分医疗和非医疗原因进行性别选择,从而扩大了选择性堕胎的效力。由于性别选择失败而导致的选择性流产,目前尚无专门的政策加以规范。目的:本研究旨在找出适合印尼适用的胚胎着床前性别选择后选择性堕胎的法律概念。方法:本研究是运用分析方法、法律方法和概念方法的规范性研究。研究材料包括初级法律材料(印度尼西亚关于性别选择和堕胎的立法)、二级法律材料(法律期刊、法律书籍和法律诉讼)以及非法律材料(关于性别选择和堕胎的期刊、书籍和卫生诉讼)。结果:在印度尼西亚,一般来说,有医学指征的怀孕和强奸受害者是允许堕胎的。在印度尼西亚,通过法律途径,在植入前性别选择后,可以出于强有力的医疗理由实施选择性堕胎。而非医学原因导致的失败是不能流产的。这一规定与伦理、道德和宗教相悖。由于植入前性别选择失败,无论是医学原因还是非医学原因,都不应进行选择性流产。结论:胚胎着床前性别选择后的选择性流产,无论是医学原因还是非医学原因,都违背道德、伦理和宗教。如果胚胎植入前性别选择失败,印尼需要进一步规范选择性堕胎的政策。
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引用次数: 1
The Use of Photo-Essay to Report Advances in Applied Science and Health 利用摄影文章报道应用科学与健康的进展
Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.35898/GHMJ-22199
A. Macnab, R. Mukisa, L. Stothers
Background: In the applied health and science disciples there is an expectation that project work is reported through a publication. The conventional papers written to do this follow a structure that includes sections providing background, methods, results and a discussion or conclusion, supported by figures and tables. Sometimes photographs are included, and with more on-line publications the opportunities have increased for these to be available in full color. Borrowing from the field of photojournalism photo-essays are now a publication option where a series of images are used to tell the story; these are often related to health and well-being.Aims: To summarize the methodology used to effectively combine a series of images with a brief text, and short reference list to create a visually engaging and informative short report.Guidelines: Images are taken throughout the project with consent obtained from those whose images will be recognisable. Creative licence is used to compile representative images into a sequence that conveys the background, method, results and outcome(s) of the project. Images need to be of high resolution; editing for light, colour and contrast, and cropping is allowed to increase their clarity and relevance. The ethics of photojournalism apply making inappropriate manipulation of images or erroneous captions unacceptable.Conclusions: Photo-essays are a novel and informative way to report on an applied health, social or scientific topic. The format is an excellent one to use for a brief report, or to prepare a research presentation for a scientific meeting.Keywords: Photograph, Photojournalism, Photo-manipulation.
背景:在应用卫生和科学门徒中,期望通过出版物报告项目工作。传统的论文遵循这样的结构,包括提供背景、方法、结果和讨论或结论的章节,并由图表支持。有时还包括照片,随着联机出版物的增多,提供全彩照片的机会也增加了。借鉴新闻摄影领域,摄影散文现在是一种出版选择,使用一系列图像来讲述故事;这些通常与健康和幸福有关。目的:总结使用的方法,有效地将一系列图像与简短的文本和简短的参考列表相结合,以创建一个视觉上引人入胜和信息丰富的简短报告。指导方针:在整个项目中所拍摄的图像均已获得其图像可识别者的同意。创意许可用于将代表性图像汇编成一个序列,以传达项目的背景、方法、结果和结果。图像需要高分辨率;编辑光线、色彩和对比度,以及裁剪可以增加它们的清晰度和相关性。摄影新闻的道德规范适用于不适当的图像处理或错误的说明文字。结论:摄影随笔是一种新颖的、信息丰富的方式来报道应用健康、社会或科学主题。这种格式非常适合用于撰写简短报告,或为科学会议准备研究报告。关键词:摄影,新闻摄影,照片处理
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引用次数: 2
Potential of Carrageenans in Foods and Medical Applications 卡拉胶在食品和医疗中的应用潜力
Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.35898/GHMJ-22188
H. M. Noor
Background: Carrageenans, the polysaccharides obtained by extraction of certain species of red seaweeds (Rhodophyceae), have been widely used in both food industry and medical applications because of their excellent physical functional properties that are used as gelling, thickening and stabilizing agent. Several studies showed biological properties of carrageenans such as antiviral, anticoagulant, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory activity.  Aims: This study is to bring a short overview of the potential of carrageenans in foods and medical applications based on their biological activities.Methods: This short overview used relevant works and articles examined that collected through several electronic database including PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link and Google Scholars for the years 1991-2018 with full text in English.Results: This study is an alternative approach that is necessary in order to present the potential of carrageenans in foods and medical applications.The advantages of carrageenans as a food additive and pharmaceutical formulation lie on their high availability, low cost, and low induction of resistance. Conclusion: This review suggested that carrageenans are suitable to be applied in many kinds of food products as gelling and thickening agent with their antioxidant potency as well as medical applications such as pharmaceutical formulations in drug delivery and experimental medicine. However, more comprehensive studies on toxicity and side effect of carrageenans are necessary.
背景:卡拉胶是一种从红海藻中提取的多糖,因其具有良好的物理功能特性,可作为胶凝剂、增稠剂和稳定剂,在食品工业和医疗领域得到了广泛的应用。多项研究表明,卡拉胶具有抗病毒、抗凝血、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎和免疫调节等生物学特性。目的:根据卡拉胶的生物活性,综述其在食品和医学上的应用潜力。方法:通过PubMed、Science Direct、Springer Link和Google Scholars等多个电子数据库收集1991-2018年的相关论文,并提供英文全文。结果:本研究为揭示角叉菜胶在食品和医学上的应用潜力提供了一种新的途径。角叉菜胶作为食品添加剂和药物制剂的优势在于其高可用性、低成本和低耐药性。结论:卡拉胶具有良好的抗氧化作用,可作为胶凝剂和增稠剂应用于多种食品中,并可作为给药制剂和实验药物等医学应用。然而,对卡拉胶的毒副作用进行更全面的研究是必要的。
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引用次数: 10
Sentinel Surveillance for HIV Among People who Inject Drugs, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam 越南嘉莱省注射毒品人群的HIV哨点监测
Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.35898/GHMJ-22201
Thang Nghia Hoang, D. T. Pham, H. Nguyen
Background: HIV remains a public health challenge, especially among people who inject drug (PWID). The HIV Sentinel Surveillance (HSS), together with the HIV/AIDS case reporting, are two core components of the HIV/AIDS surveillance system providing systematic, on-going monitoring of HIV epidemic in Viet Nam. The HSS was first conducted in 1994 to determine HIV prevalence among the high-risk group by collecting blood sample. But in 2009, this system was monitored the risk behaviors by addition of a brief behavioral questionnaire, known as HSS+. In Central Highland, the HIV situation in Gia Lai province has primarily affected PWID, which are main criteria to select into the surveillance system.Aims: This study aims to determine risk factors for HIV infection to improve intervention programs for PWID in Gia Lai province, Vietnam.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey of 150 randomly selected PWID from June to September 2014 in Gia Lai province. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect information regarding drug use, sexual behavior, accessibility of HIV/AIDS counseling and testing services. Blood samples were collected and tested for the presence of HIV antibodies using ELISA and rapid test. For data analysis, the frequencies and proportions were calculated. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests and multivariable logistic regression were performed to assess the association between risk factors and HIV infection.Results: We identified 14 infections among 150 PWID (prevalence = 9.3%). Among PWID, 22.7% (34/150) had shared needles and 3 HIV prevalence among PWIDs injecting drug for at least 3 years was 2.4%. HIV prevalence among PWIDs who have had sexual intercourse with more than one commercial sex worker (CSW) per month was 6.5%. In multivariable logistic regression, the odds of HIV infection with sharing needles, injecting for over 3 years, and sexual intercourse with more than one CSW per month was 6.7 (95% CI: 1.6-27.7), 6.1 (95% CI: 1.2-30.3) and with 4.0 (95% CI: 1.0-15.3), respectively.Conclusion: We identified a few modifiable risk factors among PWID. Based on these data, we recommend improving harm reduction intervention and behavior change communication. The sentinel surveillance site should continue monitoring PWID behavior over time.
背景:艾滋病毒仍然是一个公共卫生挑战,特别是在注射吸毒者(PWID)中。艾滋病毒哨点监测(HSS)与艾滋病毒/艾滋病病例报告是艾滋病毒/艾滋病监测系统的两个核心组成部分,为越南的艾滋病毒流行提供系统、持续的监测。HSS于1994年首次进行,目的是通过采集血液样本来确定高危人群中的艾滋病毒流行情况。但在2009年,该系统通过添加一份简短的行为问卷(即HSS+)来监测风险行为。在中部高地,嘉莱省的艾滋病毒情况主要影响到PWID,这是选择纳入监测系统的主要标准。目的:本研究旨在确定越南嘉莱省艾滋病毒感染的危险因素,以改进对PWID的干预方案。方法:对2014年6 - 9月在嘉莱省随机抽取的150名PWID患者进行横断面调查。通过面对面访谈收集有关吸毒、性行为、艾滋病毒/艾滋病咨询和检测服务可及性的信息。采集血样,采用ELISA和快速检测检测HIV抗体的存在。为了进行数据分析,计算了频率和比例。采用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验和多变量logistic回归来评估危险因素与HIV感染之间的关系。结果:150例PWID患者中有14例感染,患病率为9.3%。共用针头者占22.7%(34/150),注射毒品3年以上的艾滋病病毒感染率为2.4%。每月与一名以上商业性工作者(CSW)发生过性关系的pwid患者的艾滋病毒感染率为6.5%。在多变量logistic回归中,共用针头、注射时间超过3年以及每月性交超过一次CSW的HIV感染几率分别为6.7 (95% CI: 1.6-27.7)、6.1 (95% CI: 1.2-30.3)和4.0 (95% CI: 1.0-15.3)。结论:我们确定了PWID中一些可改变的危险因素。基于这些数据,我们建议改进减少伤害的干预和行为改变的沟通。哨点监测点应长期持续监测PWID行为。
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引用次数: 1
Factors Influencing Stigma to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Among Teenagers at Ngaran Village, Gamping, Sleman, Indonesia 影响青少年对女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和变性人(LGBT)污名的因素
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.35898/GHMJ-22192
Dhesi Ari Astuti, N. Kurniati
Background: As the part of sexual orientation varieties and gender identities, until now the existence of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) still becomes a social, theological, and psychological problem. Similar to trauma, low self acceptance, low self esteem, and anxiety, if it is not handled properly, the condition will be getting worse. Aims: The aim of the study is to increase prevention efforts toward growing phenomena of TGBT on teenagers. Methods: This is a quantitative study with one group pretest and posttest design. The work involved a total of 41 teenagers at at Ngaran Village, Balecatur, Gamping, Sleman, Indonesia. A set of questionnaires was given to the respondents to measure knowledge, attitude, perception, service access, and also peer’s attitude to LGBT. Counseling was given once together with material content about LGBT awareness in family. Statistical analysis was employed to process and analyze the data. Results: The result showed factors correlated to stigma about LGBT on teenagers namely knowledge, attitude, perception, access to any service, and peer’s attitude. The most influential factor was knowledge factor with p value 0.00 and peer’s attitude with p value 0.02.Conclusion: After being participated in the study, it is expected that teenagers can give information to the family members, so the family members and the society will have appropriate knowledge and attitude related LGBT stigma. Keywords       : Teenagers, LGBT, Stigma, Indonesia
背景:作为性取向多样性和性别认同的一部分,LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender,女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和跨性别者)的存在至今仍是一个社会、神学和心理问题。与创伤、低自我接纳、低自尊和焦虑类似,如果处理不当,情况会变得更糟。目的:本研究的目的是加强对日益严重的青少年性取向问题的预防。方法:采用一组前测和后测设计的定量研究。这项工作涉及印度尼西亚Gamping Balecatur的Ngaran村的41名青少年。通过问卷调查的方式来衡量受访者对LGBT的认知、态度、认知、服务获取以及同龄人对LGBT的态度。提供一次咨询,并提供有关家庭中LGBT意识的材料内容。采用统计学方法对数据进行处理和分析。结果:影响青少年对LGBT群体污名化的因素有:认知、态度、认知、服务获取和同伴态度。知识因素影响最大,p值为0.00,同伴态度影响最大,p值为0.02。结论:希望青少年在参与本研究后,能够向家庭成员提供相关信息,使家庭成员和社会对LGBT污名有适当的认识和态度。关键词:青少年,LGBT,污名,印度尼西亚
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引用次数: 4
期刊
GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal)
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