Pub Date : 2024-07-02eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1416154
Paweł Adam Piepiora, Justyna Bagińska, Zbigniew Norbert Piepiora
One of the leading areas of Polish research addressed in the physical culture sciences, is the declining interest in physical activity. The likely reason for this situation may be the inadequate communication of physical culture to today's generations: BB (baby boomers), X (great unknowns), Y (millennials), Z (snowflakes), Alpha (digital). Therefore, the aim of this article is to address the problem of declining interest in physical activity in Poland by identifying the appropriate approach of teachers, trainers and instructors to today's generations. The specifics of BB, X, Y, Z and Alpha generations are described and their expectations regarding physical activity are indicated. It was concluded that activating these social groups should be done by prompting topics that are important to them. Thus, BB value organizational stability, X need to see the purposefulness and attractiveness of the activities, Y equate physical activity with personal development, Z only take up useful forms of activities, and finally Alpha like smart technology-assisted activities.
{"title":"Perspective on solving the problem of declining interest in physical activity in Poland.","authors":"Paweł Adam Piepiora, Justyna Bagińska, Zbigniew Norbert Piepiora","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1416154","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1416154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the leading areas of Polish research addressed in the physical culture sciences, is the declining interest in physical activity. The likely reason for this situation may be the inadequate communication of physical culture to today's generations: BB (baby boomers), X (great unknowns), Y (millennials), Z (snowflakes), Alpha (digital). Therefore, the aim of this article is to address the problem of declining interest in physical activity in Poland by identifying the appropriate approach of teachers, trainers and instructors to today's generations. The specifics of BB, X, Y, Z and Alpha generations are described and their expectations regarding physical activity are indicated. It was concluded that activating these social groups should be done by prompting topics that are important to them. Thus, BB value organizational stability, X need to see the purposefulness and attractiveness of the activities, Y equate physical activity with personal development, Z only take up useful forms of activities, and finally Alpha like smart technology-assisted activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11250494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141626530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1446031
Bruno Travassos, João Nuno Ribeiro, Tomás T Freitas, Pedro E Alcaraz, Konstantinos Spyrou
{"title":"Editorial: Performance enhancement and injury mitigation in futsal.","authors":"Bruno Travassos, João Nuno Ribeiro, Tomás T Freitas, Pedro E Alcaraz, Konstantinos Spyrou","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1446031","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1446031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11250048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141626529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1414404
Colleen S O'Connell, Anna Bottino
Introduction: As individuals with occupational status and power, sport leaders (e.g., coaches and athletic administrators) are responsible for enforcing cultures of inclusion within institutions of athletics. Yet, sport leaders who possess LGBTQ+ sexual identities are frequently marginalized and stigmatized by entities within and outside of athletics (e.g., athletes, parents of athletes, colleagues). Therefore, LGBTQ+ sport leaders are often faced with a challenging set of circumstances: negotiate the authenticity of their sexual orientation in the context of sport, or leave the profession entirely.
Methods: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of research related to LGBTQ+ sport leader experiences. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), research across six countries (China/Taiwan/Hong Kong, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, United Kingdom, United States) between 1997 and 2021 was analyzed.
Results: Themes across included studies (N = 34) describe intrapersonal experiences of LGBTQ+ sport leaders, interpersonal studies examining stakeholder attitudes (i.e., parents and athletes) toward LGBTQ+ sport leaders, and sport manager attitudes toward LGBTQ+ topics.
Discussion: Findings convey that sport leaders continue to face marginalization due to the presence of heterosexism and heteronormativity in athletics. Future research should continue to explore LGBTQ+ sport leader experiences, behaviors, attitudes, and identities to determine their impact on fostering inclusion and belonging within athletic spaces.
{"title":"A systematic review of LGBTQ+ identities and topics in sport leadership.","authors":"Colleen S O'Connell, Anna Bottino","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1414404","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1414404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As individuals with occupational status and power, sport leaders (e.g., coaches and athletic administrators) are responsible for enforcing cultures of inclusion within institutions of athletics. Yet, sport leaders who possess LGBTQ+ sexual identities are frequently marginalized and stigmatized by entities within and outside of athletics (e.g., athletes, parents of athletes, colleagues). Therefore, LGBTQ+ sport leaders are often faced with a challenging set of circumstances: negotiate the authenticity of their sexual orientation in the context of sport, or leave the profession entirely.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of research related to LGBTQ+ sport leader experiences. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), research across six countries (China/Taiwan/Hong Kong, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, United Kingdom, United States) between 1997 and 2021 was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Themes across included studies (<i>N </i>= 34) describe intrapersonal experiences of LGBTQ+ sport leaders, interpersonal studies examining stakeholder attitudes (i.e., parents and athletes) toward LGBTQ+ sport leaders, and sport manager attitudes toward LGBTQ+ topics.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings convey that sport leaders continue to face marginalization due to the presence of heterosexism and heteronormativity in athletics. Future research should continue to explore LGBTQ+ sport leader experiences, behaviors, attitudes, and identities to determine their impact on fostering inclusion and belonging within athletic spaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11250064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141626528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1406997
Lachlan P James, Jade A Z Haycraft, David L Carey, Samuel J Robertson
Preparing athletes for competition requires the diagnosis and monitoring of relevant physical qualities (e.g., strength, power, speed, endurance characteristics). Decisions regarding test selection that attempt to measure these physical attributes are fundamental to the training process yet are complicated by the myriad of tests and measurements available. This article presents an evidenced based process to inform test measurement selection for the physical preparation of athletes. We describe a method for incorporating multiple layers of validity to link test measurement to competition outcome. This is followed by a framework by which to evaluate the suitability of test measurements based on contemporary validity theory that considers technical, decision-making, and organisational factors. Example applications of the framework are described to demonstrate its utility in different settings. The systems presented here will assist in distilling the range of measurements available into those most likely to have the greatest impact on competition performance.
{"title":"A framework for test measurement selection in athlete physical preparation.","authors":"Lachlan P James, Jade A Z Haycraft, David L Carey, Samuel J Robertson","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1406997","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1406997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preparing athletes for competition requires the diagnosis and monitoring of relevant physical qualities (e.g., strength, power, speed, endurance characteristics). Decisions regarding test selection that attempt to measure these physical attributes are fundamental to the training process yet are complicated by the myriad of tests and measurements available. This article presents an evidenced based process to inform test measurement selection for the physical preparation of athletes. We describe a method for incorporating multiple layers of validity to link test measurement to competition outcome. This is followed by a framework by which to evaluate the suitability of test measurements based on contemporary validity theory that considers technical, decision-making, and organisational factors. Example applications of the framework are described to demonstrate its utility in different settings. The systems presented here will assist in distilling the range of measurements available into those most likely to have the greatest impact on competition performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11246953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1407842
Sigurður Benediktsson, Erlingur Johannsson, Cecilie Brekke Rygh, Hilde Gundersen
The organisation and development strategies of youth soccer differ between Norway and Iceland. Whether this affect physical capacity is unknown. Thus, the first aim of the present study is to compare physical capacity between players from Iceland and Norway. Secondary aim is to assess associations between biological maturity and physical capacity in the Icelandic players since an association previously has been shown among the Norwegians. There were 48 U14 players from Iceland included and 103 players from Norway. Bone age (BA), measured with left-wrist x-ray, was used as an indicator of biological maturity. To measure physical capacity, 40 metre (m) linear sprint, standing long jump (SLJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (IR1-test) and a maximal oxygen uptake test (VO2max) were used. Training load was assessed by questionnaire. The results showed that the Norwegian players ran faster (5.90 ± 0.38 vs. 6.37 ± 0.44 s, p < .001), had better intermittent endurance capacity (1,235 ± 461 vs. 960 ± 423 m, p < .001) and higher VO2max, (60.3 ± 6.5 vs. 54.8 ± 5.3 ml·kg-1·min-1, p < .001) than the Icelandic players. The players from Norway reported a higher number of weekly organised soccer training hours than the Icelandic. We also found significant correlations between BA and performance on 40 m linear sprint (r = -.566, p < .001), SLJ (r = .380, p = .008) and CMJ (r = .354, p = .014) among the Icelandic players. Moreover, no correlations were found between BA and VO2max or intermittent endurance capacity. In conclusion, the Norwegian players ran faster and had better VO2max and intermittent endurance capacity than the Icelandic players. Biological maturity level was associated with speed and jumping performance in U14 soccer players in Iceland, but not with VO2max or intermittent endurance capacity. Findings indicate that more research is needed to investigate the influence of different organisation and structure of youth soccer between the two countries on physical capacity.
挪威和冰岛在青少年足球的组织和发展战略方面存在差异。这是否会影响体能还不得而知。因此,本研究的首要目的是比较冰岛和挪威球员的体能。其次是评估冰岛球员的生理成熟度与体能之间的关系,因为挪威球员的生理成熟度与体能之间的关系此前已被证实。共有 48 名来自冰岛的 14 岁以下青少年球员和 103 名来自挪威的青少年球员参加了这项研究。骨龄(BA)用左手腕X光片测量,作为生理成熟度的指标。为了测量体能,采用了 40 米直线冲刺、立定跳远、逆向跳远、悠悠间歇恢复测试(IR1-test)和最大摄氧量测试(VO2max)。训练负荷通过问卷调查进行评估。结果显示,挪威运动员的跑步速度(5.90 ± 0.38 秒 vs. 6.37 ± 0.44 秒,p p 2max)和CMJ(60.3 ± 6.5 vs. 54.8 ± 5.3 ml-kg-1-min-1,p p = .008)与冰岛运动员相比更快(r = .354,p = .014)。此外,没有发现 BA 与最大氧饱和度或间歇耐力之间存在相关性。总之,与冰岛球员相比,挪威球员跑得更快、最大氧饱和度和间歇耐力能力更好。生物成熟度与冰岛14岁以下足球运动员的速度和跳跃表现有关,但与最大氧饱和度或间歇耐力能力无关。研究结果表明,还需要进行更多的研究来探讨两国青少年足球不同的组织和结构对体能的影响。
{"title":"Norwegian male U14 soccer players have superior running capacity compared to Icelandic players.","authors":"Sigurður Benediktsson, Erlingur Johannsson, Cecilie Brekke Rygh, Hilde Gundersen","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1407842","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1407842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The organisation and development strategies of youth soccer differ between Norway and Iceland. Whether this affect physical capacity is unknown. Thus, the first aim of the present study is to compare physical capacity between players from Iceland and Norway. Secondary aim is to assess associations between biological maturity and physical capacity in the Icelandic players since an association previously has been shown among the Norwegians. There were 48 U14 players from Iceland included and 103 players from Norway. Bone age (BA), measured with left-wrist x-ray, was used as an indicator of biological maturity. To measure physical capacity, 40 metre (m) linear sprint, standing long jump (SLJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (IR1-test) and a maximal oxygen uptake test (VO<sub>2max</sub>) were used. Training load was assessed by questionnaire. The results showed that the Norwegian players ran faster (5.90 ± 0.38 vs. 6.37 ± 0.44 s, <i>p</i> < .001), had better intermittent endurance capacity (1,235 ± 461 vs. 960 ± 423 m, <i>p</i> < .001) and higher VO<sub>2max</sub>, (60.3 ± 6.5 vs. 54.8 ± 5.3 ml·kg<sup>-1</sup>·min<sup>-1</sup>, <i>p</i> < .001) than the Icelandic players. The players from Norway reported a higher number of weekly organised soccer training hours than the Icelandic. We also found significant correlations between BA and performance on 40 m linear sprint (r = -.566, <i>p</i> < .001), SLJ (r = .380, <i>p</i> = .008) and CMJ (r = .354, <i>p</i> = .014) among the Icelandic players. Moreover, no correlations were found between BA and VO<sub>2max</sub> or intermittent endurance capacity. In conclusion, the Norwegian players ran faster and had better VO<sub>2max</sub> and intermittent endurance capacity than the Icelandic players. Biological maturity level was associated with speed and jumping performance in U14 soccer players in Iceland, but not with VO<sub>2max</sub> or intermittent endurance capacity. Findings indicate that more research is needed to investigate the influence of different organisation and structure of youth soccer between the two countries on physical capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11246952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1407194
Carlos Hernando Domingo, Marta Renau Michavila, Per Thorén, Johan Bankel, Magnus Karlsteen, Sami Kalaja, Minna Rasinaho, Aki Karjalainen, Swantje Scharenberg, Pascale Kohler, Florian Agneray, Alexia Deflon, Dorothée Brac de la Perriere, María Pilar Marín Gil
Introduction: The project Student Athletes Erasmus+ Mobility in Europe identified and defined a total of 31 benefits offered to dual-career student athletes who are combining their university studies with high-level training. The project was co-funded by the European Union and carried out by five universities: Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden), Institut national des sciences appliquées de Lyon (France), University of Jyväskylä (Finland), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany), and Universitat Jaume I (Spain).
Methods: The purpose of the study was to rank these benefits by combining the perspectives of the university staff and the student athletes from each university in the consortium. The university staff included experts from sports services and the international relations office. A questionnaire was also sent to the dual-career athletes enrolled at the consortium's universities. Of the 514 dual-career athletes, 208 (116 women) completed the questionnaire. The overall response rate was 40.47%. The university staff assessed the importance of each benefit, how easy it was to implement at the institution, and whether or not the university offered the benefit to its students. The dual-career students rated each of the 31 benefits and indicated whether or not they had used them. A specific methodology was designed to rank these benefits using the ratings of the university staff and the student athletes. Intra-group and inter-group Pearson correlations were performed.
Results: The results show a strong and significant correlation between the benefits from the perspective of the university staff (r = 0.710, p = 7.76E-7) and from the perspective of the students (r = 0.715, p = 2.44E-6). The correlation is moderate and significant when the benefits are correlated from the perspective of the two groups as a whole (0.363, p = 0.045), with the three most important benefits being the free use of sports facilities, justification for absences, and the adaptation of the pace of studies.
Discussion: The study makes visible the commitment of higher education institutions to facilitating the dual career of student athletes and identifies those benefits that may be of greater interest to European universities as a whole. The European perspective has been considered, while respecting the specificities of each university and the country in which it is located.
{"title":"Promoting dual careers at higher education institutions: 31 benefits ranked by the project Student Athletes Erasmus+ Mobility in Europe (SAMEurope).","authors":"Carlos Hernando Domingo, Marta Renau Michavila, Per Thorén, Johan Bankel, Magnus Karlsteen, Sami Kalaja, Minna Rasinaho, Aki Karjalainen, Swantje Scharenberg, Pascale Kohler, Florian Agneray, Alexia Deflon, Dorothée Brac de la Perriere, María Pilar Marín Gil","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1407194","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1407194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The project Student Athletes Erasmus+ Mobility in Europe identified and defined a total of 31 benefits offered to dual-career student athletes who are combining their university studies with high-level training. The project was co-funded by the European Union and carried out by five universities: Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden), Institut national des sciences appliquées de Lyon (France), University of Jyväskylä (Finland), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany), and Universitat Jaume I (Spain).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The purpose of the study was to rank these benefits by combining the perspectives of the university staff and the student athletes from each university in the consortium. The university staff included experts from sports services and the international relations office. A questionnaire was also sent to the dual-career athletes enrolled at the consortium's universities. Of the 514 dual-career athletes, 208 (116 women) completed the questionnaire. The overall response rate was 40.47%. The university staff assessed the importance of each benefit, how easy it was to implement at the institution, and whether or not the university offered the benefit to its students. The dual-career students rated each of the 31 benefits and indicated whether or not they had used them. A specific methodology was designed to rank these benefits using the ratings of the university staff and the student athletes. Intra-group and inter-group Pearson correlations were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show a strong and significant correlation between the benefits from the perspective of the university staff (<i>r</i> = 0.710, <i>p</i> = 7.76E-7) and from the perspective of the students (<i>r</i> = 0.715, <i>p</i> = 2.44E-6). The correlation is moderate and significant when the benefits are correlated from the perspective of the two groups as a whole (0.363, <i>p</i> = 0.045), with the three most important benefits being the free use of sports facilities, justification for absences, and the adaptation of the pace of studies.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study makes visible the commitment of higher education institutions to facilitating the dual career of student athletes and identifies those benefits that may be of greater interest to European universities as a whole. The European perspective has been considered, while respecting the specificities of each university and the country in which it is located.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11246954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1384476
Nicolas M Philipp, Ben McKay, Ethan Martin, Dimitrije Cabarkapa, Andrew C Fry, Jordan Troester
Introduction: With recent increases in the popularity of studying the physical construct of horizontal deceleration performance in team-sport athletes, the aim of the present study was to assess the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of processing and quantifying horizontal deceleration ability using radar technology.
Methods: Data from 92 NCAA Division 1 athletes from two different athletic teams (American football and Lacrosse) were used for the present investigation. All athletes performed two trials of the modified acceleration to deceleration assessment (ADA), which consisted of a maximal 10 m sprint acceleration, followed by a rapid deceleration. Four individual raters manually processed raw, radar-derived instantaneous velocity data for the ADA, and an automated script was used to calculate metrics of interest.
Results: Primary study findings suggest moderate to excellent levels of agreement (ICC = 0.56-0.91) for maximal horizontal deceleration metrics between the four individual raters. The intra-rater analyses revealed poor to excellent consistency (ICC = 0.31-0.94) between ADA trials, with CV%'s ranging from 3.1% to 13.2%, depending on the respective metric and rater.
Discussion: Our data suggests that if a foundational understanding and agreement of manual data processing procedures for radar-derived data is given between raters, metrics may be interpreted with moderate to excellent levels of confidence. However, when possible, and when using the Stalker ATS radar technology, authors recommend that practitioners use one trained individual to manually process raw data. Ideally, this process should become fully automated, based on selected filters or algorithms, rather than the subjectivity of the rater.
{"title":"Between-rater reliability for using radar technology to quantify maximal horizontal deceleration performance in NCAA division 1 American football and female lacrosse athletes.","authors":"Nicolas M Philipp, Ben McKay, Ethan Martin, Dimitrije Cabarkapa, Andrew C Fry, Jordan Troester","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1384476","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1384476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>With recent increases in the popularity of studying the physical construct of horizontal deceleration performance in team-sport athletes, the aim of the present study was to assess the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of processing and quantifying horizontal deceleration ability using radar technology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 92 NCAA Division 1 athletes from two different athletic teams (American football and Lacrosse) were used for the present investigation. All athletes performed two trials of the modified acceleration to deceleration assessment (ADA), which consisted of a maximal 10 m sprint acceleration, followed by a rapid deceleration. Four individual raters manually processed raw, radar-derived instantaneous velocity data for the ADA, and an automated script was used to calculate metrics of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Primary study findings suggest moderate to excellent levels of agreement (ICC = 0.56-0.91) for maximal horizontal deceleration metrics between the four individual raters. The intra-rater analyses revealed poor to excellent consistency (ICC = 0.31-0.94) between ADA trials, with CV%'s ranging from 3.1% to 13.2%, depending on the respective metric and rater.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our data suggests that if a foundational understanding and agreement of manual data processing procedures for radar-derived data is given between raters, metrics may be interpreted with moderate to excellent levels of confidence. However, when possible, and when using the Stalker ATS radar technology, authors recommend that practitioners use one trained individual to manually process raw data. Ideally, this process should become fully automated, based on selected filters or algorithms, rather than the subjectivity of the rater.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11246955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Sleep loss and sleep deprivation (SD) cause deleterious influences on health, cognition, mood and behaviour. Nevertheless, insufficient sleep and SD are prevalent across many industries and occur in various emergencies. The deleterious consequences of SD have yet to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to assess the extensive influences of SD on physiology, vigilance, and plasma biochemical variables.
Methods: Seventeen volunteers were recruited to participate in a 32.5-h SD experiment. Multiple physiological and cognitive variables, including tympanic temperature, blood oxygen saturation (SaO2), and vigilance were recorded. Urinal/salivary samples were collected and subjected to cortisol or cortisone analysis, and plasma samples were subjected to transcriptomic analysis of circular RNA (circRNA) expression using microarray. Plasma neurotransmitters were measured by targeted metabolic analysis, and the levels of inflammatory factors were assessed by antibody microarray.
Results: The volunteers showed significantly increased sleepiness and decreased vigilance during SD, and the changes in circadian rhythm and plasma biochemistry were observed. The plasma calcium (p = 0.0007) was induced by SD, while ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA, p = 0.0030) and total bile acid (TBA, p = 0.0157) decreased. Differentially expressed circRNAs in plasma were identified, which are involved in multiple signaling pathways including neuronal regulation and immunity. Accordingly, SD induced a decrease in 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3OBH, p = 0.0002) and an increase in thyroxine (T4, p < 0.0001) in plasma. The plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was downregulated while other ten inflammatory factors were upregulated.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that SD influences biochemical, physiological, cognitive variables, and the significantly changed variables may serve as candidates of SD markers. These findings may further our understanding of the detrimental consequence of sleep disturbance at multiple levels.
{"title":"Multiplex influences on vigilance and biochemical variables induced by sleep deprivation.","authors":"Shiqi Liu, Xiaohong Ma, Ying Chen, Yuanyuan Zhao, Rujia Luo, Zhouying Wu, Yicheng Li, Yongyu Qian, Wenwen Wang, Shuohan Dong, Zengxuan Zhou, Silin Li, Yi Xiao, Xinhai Zhu, Yu Tian, Jinhu Guo","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1412044","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1412044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sleep loss and sleep deprivation (SD) cause deleterious influences on health, cognition, mood and behaviour. Nevertheless, insufficient sleep and SD are prevalent across many industries and occur in various emergencies. The deleterious consequences of SD have yet to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to assess the extensive influences of SD on physiology, vigilance, and plasma biochemical variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen volunteers were recruited to participate in a 32.5-h SD experiment. Multiple physiological and cognitive variables, including tympanic temperature, blood oxygen saturation (SaO<sub>2</sub>), and vigilance were recorded. Urinal/salivary samples were collected and subjected to cortisol or cortisone analysis, and plasma samples were subjected to transcriptomic analysis of circular RNA (circRNA) expression using microarray. Plasma neurotransmitters were measured by targeted metabolic analysis, and the levels of inflammatory factors were assessed by antibody microarray.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The volunteers showed significantly increased sleepiness and decreased vigilance during SD, and the changes in circadian rhythm and plasma biochemistry were observed. The plasma calcium (<i>p </i>= 0.0007) was induced by SD, while ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA, <i>p </i>= 0.0030) and total bile acid (TBA, <i>p </i>= 0.0157) decreased. Differentially expressed circRNAs in plasma were identified, which are involved in multiple signaling pathways including neuronal regulation and immunity. Accordingly, SD induced a decrease in 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3OBH, <i>p </i>= 0.0002) and an increase in thyroxine (T4, <i>p </i>< 0.0001) in plasma. The plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was downregulated while other ten inflammatory factors were upregulated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that SD influences biochemical, physiological, cognitive variables, and the significantly changed variables may serve as candidates of SD markers. These findings may further our understanding of the detrimental consequence of sleep disturbance at multiple levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11239445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-28eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1410636
Paweł Draga, Robert Rokowski, Alexander Sutor, Dominik Pandurevic, Michail Lubomirov Michailov
Aim: This study aimed to: (a) assess the relationships between climbing performance and finger and shoulder girdle muscle endurance; and (b) provide evidence on the validity of the specialized exercise tests used for the purpose.
Materials and methods: 28 male sport climbers (climbing ability 23 ± 2.43 IRCRA scale) performed four tests muscle failure, including two-finger hang tests (using 2.5 and 4 cm holds) and two variants of pull-up exercises (classical pull-ups and a combination of dynamic and isometric actions - the so-called Edlinger). Climbing performance and test results were subjected to correlation, taxonomic and regression analysis.
Results: The correlations between the results from all tests and climbing performance were notably strong ( between 0.54 and 0.61) and statistically significant ( ). The taxonomic analysis indicated that the two variants of each test type reflect two different latent variables 2.5 cm and 4 cm finger hang durations were highly correlated ( ). A similar correlation was found between the results from the pull-up tests ( ). Thus, the finger hang and pull-up test results were determined to a high extent (43% and 49%, respectively) by factors that cannot be assessed when only one test of each type is used. The regression model of the two-finger tests allowed individual endurance profiles to be assessed.
Conclusions: The muscular endurance of the elbow flexors and shoulder girdle muscles predicts climbing performance within the specific sport level studied to a comparable degree as finger flexor endurance.The use of two variants of a test intended to assess one physical ability provided important details on a climber's fitness.
{"title":"Importance of shoulder girdle and finger flexor muscle endurance in advanced male climbers.","authors":"Paweł Draga, Robert Rokowski, Alexander Sutor, Dominik Pandurevic, Michail Lubomirov Michailov","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1410636","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1410636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to: (a) assess the relationships between climbing performance and finger and shoulder girdle muscle endurance; and (b) provide evidence on the validity of the specialized exercise tests used for the purpose.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>28 male sport climbers (climbing ability 23 ± 2.43 IRCRA scale) performed four tests muscle failure, including two-finger hang tests (using 2.5 and 4 cm holds) and two variants of pull-up exercises (classical pull-ups and a combination of dynamic and isometric actions - the so-called Edlinger). Climbing performance and test results were subjected to correlation, taxonomic and regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The correlations between the results from all tests and climbing performance were notably strong ( <math><mi>r</mi></math> between 0.54 and 0.61) and statistically significant ( <math><mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn></math> ). The taxonomic analysis indicated that the two variants of each test type reflect two different latent variables 2.5 cm and 4 cm finger hang durations were highly correlated ( <math><mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.76</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.01</mn></math> ). A similar correlation was found between the results from the pull-up tests ( <math><mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.72</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.01</mn></math> ). Thus, the finger hang and pull-up test results were determined to a high extent (43% and 49%, respectively) by factors that cannot be assessed when only one test of each type is used. The regression model of the two-finger tests allowed individual endurance profiles to be assessed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The muscular endurance of the elbow flexors and shoulder girdle muscles predicts climbing performance within the specific sport level studied to a comparable degree as finger flexor endurance.The use of two variants of a test intended to assess one physical ability provided important details on a climber's fitness.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11239435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-28eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1408711
Andrea Roffler, Marie-Therese Fleddermann, Hanna de Haan, Karsten Krüger, Karen Zentgraf
Introduction: The menstrual cycle may affect well-being and physical performance of elite female athletes by interfering with the function of multiple physiological systems. The aim of this study was to characterize the symptoms of the menstrual cycle and their frequency in elite female volleyball players.
Methods: Twenty professional female volleyball players were instructed to track their menstrual symptoms over the course of the first German national league season using the FitrWoman® tracking app. The app recorded the cycle length, duration, and intensity of the period as well as the occurrence and frequency of frequent cycle symptoms. The reported symptoms were then categorized into four categories (frequently, sometimes, rare, never) in order to create an individual Menstrual Symptom index (MSi) for each athlete.
Results: The most frequently occurring symptoms among all players without hormonal contraception (non-HC; n = 15) were "stomach cramps" (n = 15), "sleep disturbances" (n = 11), and "tiredness" (n = 11). The average number of symptoms counted per cycle was 11.8 (±17.7) and the average calculated MSi within the team was 12.9 (±10.7) points for non-HC users. The HC players (n = 4) also regularly experienced symptoms such as "sleep disturbances" or "tendered breasts". The most common symptoms "stomach cramps" and "disturbed sleep" occurred more frequently during menstruation, while symptoms such as "bloating", "cravings" or "tendered breasts" did also peak before menstruation.
Discussion: Menstrual cycle symptoms can be highly individual within a professional sports team. The calculation of the MSi seems to be a simple and accessible method to describe and overview the intensity and prevalence of symptoms in top female athletes in sports games.
{"title":"Menstrual cycle tracking in professional volleyball athletes.","authors":"Andrea Roffler, Marie-Therese Fleddermann, Hanna de Haan, Karsten Krüger, Karen Zentgraf","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1408711","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1408711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The menstrual cycle may affect well-being and physical performance of elite female athletes by interfering with the function of multiple physiological systems. The aim of this study was to characterize the symptoms of the menstrual cycle and their frequency in elite female volleyball players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty professional female volleyball players were instructed to track their menstrual symptoms over the course of the first German national league season using the FitrWoman® tracking app. The app recorded the cycle length, duration, and intensity of the period as well as the occurrence and frequency of frequent cycle symptoms. The reported symptoms were then categorized into four categories (frequently, sometimes, rare, never) in order to create an individual Menstrual Symptom index (MSi) for each athlete.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most frequently occurring symptoms among all players without hormonal contraception (non-HC; <i>n</i> = 15) were \"stomach cramps\" (<i>n</i> = 15), \"sleep disturbances\" (<i>n</i> = 11), and \"tiredness\" (<i>n</i> = 11). The average number of symptoms counted per cycle was 11.8 (±17.7) and the average calculated MSi within the team was 12.9 (±10.7) points for non-HC users. The HC players (<i>n</i> = 4) also regularly experienced symptoms such as \"sleep disturbances\" or \"tendered breasts\". The most common symptoms \"stomach cramps\" and \"disturbed sleep\" occurred more frequently during menstruation, while symptoms such as \"bloating\", \"cravings\" or \"tendered breasts\" did also peak before menstruation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Menstrual cycle symptoms can be highly individual within a professional sports team. The calculation of the MSi seems to be a simple and accessible method to describe and overview the intensity and prevalence of symptoms in top female athletes in sports games.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11239427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}