Frontiers in Sports and Active Living最新文献

Objectives: The research aimed to examine exercise cravings that arise from the disruption of daily routine resulting from the earthquake and the consequent mandatory absence from exercising at fitness centers.

Study design: This study utilized the phenomenological design through qualitative research methods.

Methods: The research sample comprises six individuals aged between 22 and 29 years. They were selected using the criterion sampling method. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results: Two different types of cravings were identified. The first type is related to exercise addiction, while the second type is related to anxiety-induced cravings.

Conclusions: Exercise craving manifests in two ways. The first type originates from exercise addiction, emerging when an individual with exercise addiction experiences a lack of exercise. With a more clinical dimension, the second type arises from the inability to engage in training for uncontrollable reasons.

Introduction: To determine if athletes with coordination impairment (CI) can continue playing wheelchair rugby (WR), while an evidence-based classification system, including impairment tests for CI is not yet available. This is a defensible practise if they show similar activity limitations as athletes with other eligible impairment types (OI) within the same sports class.

Methods: Standardised activities were measured in 58 elite WR athletes; 14 with CI and 44 with OI. Wheelchair activities consisted of 20-meter sprint, 12-meter sprint with full stop, intermittent sprint (3-meter sprint, stop, 3-meter sprint, stop, 6-meter sprint with full stop), sprint-curve-slalom-curve, turn on the spot 180°, turn on the spot 90°, stop, turn 90°in the same direction, X-test (short circuit with sharp turns) without the ball. Ball activities consisted of maximal throwing distance, precision throwing short (25% of maximum throw) and long (75% of maximal throw) distance and X-test with the ball (pick-up the ball and dribble whilst pushing). Descriptive statistics were used and Spearman's Rank correlation was assessed for athletes with CI and OI for each outcome measure. Differences between athletes with CI and OI were assessed using a Mann-Whitney U test.

Results: Most activities showed a high correlation with the athlete class in both athletes with CI and athletes with OI. Furthermore, outcome measures of athletes with CI overlapped with athletes with OI in the same sports class for all activities. There was a trend for worse performance in athletes with CI in turn on the spot 90°, stop, turn 90°in the same direction, the short distance one handed precision throw (P 0.11)and in the X-test with the ball (P 0.10).

Discussion: Despite the current lack of evidence based impairment tests for CI, it is a defensible practise to not exclude athletes with CI from WR with the current classification system. The trends for differences in performance that were found can support athletes and coaches in optimising performance of athletes with CI.

Introduction: Physical inactivity is a global health challenge, exacerbated by increased screen time and sedentary behaviors. Enhancing physical activity levels at schools offers a promising approach to promote lifelong healthy habits.

Methods: This protocol paper outlines the MOVE12 pilot study, a 12-week intervention study designed to increase physical activity among Norwegian upper secondary school students through 6-7-min daily MOVE-breaks integrated into lessons. Developed using the six-phase Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol, grounded in the social-ecological model and self-determination theory, the intervention focuses on fostering motivation and creating a supportive environment. Key steps include needs assessment, performance objectives, theoretical methods, and program structuring for sustainability.

Results: Linear mixed models, t-tests, and regression analyses will evaluate quantitative outcomes, while qualitative focus groups will explore engagement and behavior change.

Discussion: MOVE12 provides insights into scalable school-based interventions addressing physical inactivity, highlighting the potential of the IM framework to establish sustainable health promotion strategies.

Introduction: Our goal was to determine the differences in changes in cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory interaction indicators during a respiratory maneuver with a change in breathing rate in athletes with different types of heart rate regulation.

Methods: The results of a study of 183 healthy men aged 21.2 ± 2.3 years, who were systematically involved in various sports, were analyzed. According to the results of the analysis of the HRV study during spontaneous breathing, the athletes were divided into 4 groups taking into account the type of heart rate regulation (HRR). Group 1 (with type I) consisted of 53 people, group 2 (with type II)-29 people, group 3 (with type III)-85 people, group 4 (with type IV)-16 people. The methodology for studying the cardiorespiratory system included combined measurements of the respiratory and cardiovascular system activity indicators in a sitting position using a spiroarteriocardiorhythmograph. The duration of the study was 6 min.

Results: According to changes in cardiorespiratory and cardiovascular interaction indicators during controlled breathing with a frequency of 6 and 15 per minute (CR₆ and CR₁₅), it is shown that with a pronounced predominance of parasympathetic influences (type IV) in conditions of excessive cardiorespiratory control and moderate hyperventilation, differences in changes in arterial baroreflex sensitivity (δBR_LF and δBR_HF) are noted in comparison with other HRR. Athletes with type IV at CR₆ in δBR_LF significantly differ from athletes with type III (p = 0.026) and do not differ from athletes with type II (p = 0.141). In δBR_HF significantly (p = 0.038 and p = 0.043)-from athletes with types I and II. It is shown that with the predominance of sympathetic influences (types I and II), the reactivity of BRS (δBRLF and δBR_HF) in response to moderate hyperventilation (CR₁₅) is significantly lower. Changes in the Hildebrandt index and the volume synchronization index additionally differentiate HRR associated with a moderate and pronounced predominance of sympathetic and parasympathetic influences.

Conclusion: The use of a respiratory maneuver in a combined study of the cardiorespiratory system in the conditions of current control of athletes showed informativeness in the differentiation of HRR types and states of functional overstrain.

Introduction: Marathon running has become increasingly popular among amateur athletes, many of whom maintain speeds of 8-9 km/h. However, existing methods for estimating oxygen consumption (VO₂) during running and walking-such as the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) equations and commercial activity monitors-often lack accuracy and transparency. This study introduces the Hata-Yanagiya Physical Activity Calculation (HYPAC) system, a novel approach for estimating VO₂ using Global Positioning System (GPS) and map data.

Methods: The HYPAC system was developed through regression equations based on metabolic equivalents (METs) and slope data. To validate the system, 10 university students (5 runners, 5 non-runners) completed a 5 km course while equipped with a GPS device and a portable metabolic measurement system. VO₂ estimates from the HYPAC system were compared with measured values and those calculated using ACSM equations.

Results: The HYPAC system demonstrated high accuracy in estimating VO₂, with a relative error of -0.03 [95% confidence intervals (CI): -0.14, 0.08] compared to measured values. For the running group, the HYPAC system achieved the lowest absolute mean relative error (0.02). In the mixed running/walking group, the HYPAC system maintained strong performance with a relative error of -0.07 (95% CI: -0.26, 0.12).

Discussion: The HYPAC system provides a transparent and accurate method for estimating VO₂ during walking and running, outperforming existing methods under varied conditions. Its open-source framework encourages further validation and improvement by researchers and practitioners. Future studies should address limitations such as sample size and population diversity to enhance the system's applicability.

Objective: The study aimed to increase our understanding of offensive transitions in football, focusing on the time spent executing them and how it is influenced by the period in which they occur and the instant score. The objective is to understand its temporal variables and how they influence the unfolding of the scoreline during a match.

Methodology: This study analyzes 1,649 goals resulting from offensive transitions in 1,151 games across three leagues categories: Top, Marginal, and Emerging leagues. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to understand associations and predictors between the variables: "duration of a transition", "Time of offensive transition occur" and the "score at the moment".

Results: The research reveals that, across all league categories, the last 15 min of the first and second halves, have the highest frequency of successful offensive transitions, particularly on the last 15 min of matches. In Top leagues, 69% of offensive transitions last for 9 s or more, with slower transitions more prevalent towards the end of games. In Marginal leagues, 41% of successful transitions took 13 s or longer, while in Emerging leagues, 53% of successful offensive transitions occurred when the game was not in a 0-0 state. The results show associations between all variables in Top Leagues. No associations were found in Marginal leagues. Associations between duration of the transition and the time of the game they occur were found on Emerging Leagues.

Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of tailored strategic plans for offensive transitions, to optimize scoring opportunities and performances.

Date of birth influences the chances of success in sports. Compared to players born just before a cutoff date for marking the admissibility in a category (age groups), players born soon after are overrepresented. However, it is not yet known whether the effect of date of birth in sports applies beyond the players' active participation in the game. The aim of the study was to determine whether there is a date of birth effect among ice hockey's coaches. The birthdates of 3,380 coaches in minor league hockey for the 2023-2024 season were obtained from Hockey Québec. The investigation indicated that people born in the first half of the year were more likely to become minor hockey coaches than those born in the second half. This significant birthdate effect is observed with coaches born in 1980s (53.42% vs. 46.58%) and after 1989 (55.73% vs. 44.27%), but not with coaches born before 1980 where the effect tended to reverse. This finding is interpreted as a consequence of the birthdate effect during the development as a hockey player and suggests a loss of potential coaches to the ice hockey system.

Introduction: Psychological abuse continues to be the most frequently reported type of maltreatment among athletes leading to negative mental health such as low mood and self-esteem, increased anxiety, self-harm, and eating disorders. Preliminary evidence suggests athlete satisfaction can influence the perceived outcomes associated with psychological abuse. Despite its negative impacts on athletes, psychological abuse continues to be justified as a tool to enhance athletic performance.

Methods: This study sought to examine the effects of psychological abuse on athlete satisfaction and mental health indicators of eating disorders and self-harm. Participants consisted of Canadian National Team athletes who completed a survey of maltreatment in sport with items assessing psychological abuse, athlete satisfaction, eating disorder and self harm indicators (n = 794).

Results: Results indicated a negative correlation between psychological abuse and athlete satisfaction, and a positive correlation with eating disorders and self-harm indicators. Additionally, athlete satisfaction was a significant moderator of psychological abuse on eating disorder and self-harm indicators. High athlete satisfaction buffered against the negative effects of psychological abuse on self-harming indicators in non-aesthetic and weight based sport and non-team sport athletes. Conversely, the interaction between athlete satisfaction and psychological abuse was marginally significant in predicting increased negative effects on eating disorders in aesthetic and weight based sport athletes.

Discussion: These findings highlight the detrimental effects psychological abuse can have on athletes in relation to eating disorders and self-harm, and the buffering role of athlete satisfaction on self-harm but not eating disorder indicators in aesthetic and weight based sport athletes. Recommendations include increased attention to preventing psychological abuse in sport.

The rapid development of prepaid consumption in China's sports industry has been hindered by fundamental issues such as operators' blind expansion, lack of transparency in business information, absence of standard contract texts, and inadequate consumer rights protection. These challenges have led to business closures, unfair contract terms, difficulties in card refunds and transfers, and the excessive issuance of long-term or lifetime prepaid cards. These problems severely damage the industry's integrity and impede its healthy and sustainable development. Currently, the governance of prepaid consumption in the sports industry faces several realistic dilemmas, including unclear collaborative regulatory and law enforcement responsibilities of the government, an urgent need to improve the legal framework, ineffective government regulatory tools, difficulties in ensuring the safety of prepaid funds, and limitations in the credit evaluation system. By introducing the concept of collaborative governance, new ideas and practical solutions are proposed to address these issues. The practical pathways for collaborative governance of prepaid consumption in the sports industry based on this concept include constructing a collaborative regulatory mechanism to solidify the foundation of collaborative governance, improving legal regulations to broaden collaborative relief channels, innovating government regulatory tools to build a collaborative regulatory platform; optimizing fund custody mechanisms to ensure the safety of prepaid funds; and enhancing the credit regulatory system to refine the credit reward and punishment mechanism.