Frontiers in Sports and Active Living最新文献

Introduction: Increasing physical activity (PA) levels among children is critical to mitigate health risks associated with physical inactivity. Schools have been highlighted as ideal setting for promoting PA. However, existing school-based PA programs often face implementation challenges. The FIT FIRST 10 (FF10) multi-sport program has been introduced in Denmark, aiming to increase PA and to enhance children's health, fitness, and well-being. This study evaluates the implementation of the FF10 program for 2nd and 3rd graders.

Materials and methods: The FF10 program was implemented in a 20-week cluster randomized controlled trial across 27 schools. Schools were assigned to a control arm or intervention arms receiving either 3 (full dose) or 1.5 (half dose) FF10 40-min lessons weekly. Teachers received a one-day training session, comprehensive manuals, and necessary equipment. Data were collected from teachers via logbooks documenting implementation fidelity, and an online questionnaire assessing program acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility, and teachers' capability, opportunity, and motivation for implementing the FF10 program.

Results: A total of 18 intervention schools with 36 classes participated in this study. Program fidelity was high in both intervention groups (2.8 and 2.0 session/week for full and half-dose, respectively). Confidence intervals indicated no differences between the two intervention groups for any outcomes. Teachers (n = 32) in both groups rated FF10 moderately acceptable, appropriate, and feasible (3.5-4.0 out of a potential maximum of 5). Both groups exhibited moderate physical and psychological capabilities (3.5-4.0) and high social opportunities (>4.0), but poor motivation scores (<3.5), particularly regarding the perceived benefits and automatization in delivering the FF10 program.

Conclusion: The FF10 program was almost delivered as intended, but time constraints, limited facilities, and modest teacher motivation might have hindered implementation. Reducing the program's dosage did not improve implementation outcomes, emphasizing the need for ongoing support to boost teacher motivation and integration of the program into school timetables.

Introduction: Despite advances in inclusive policies and social awareness, the participation of people with disabilities (PwD) in mainstream sports remains limited due to numerous barriers. This systematic review seeks to identify and critically analyse the main obstacles hindering equitable participation of PwD in conventional sports, while proposing evidence-based strategies to overcome these challenges.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted on Web of Science and SCOPUS databases, covering studies published between 2000 and 2024. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 studies were selected for analysis.

Results: The findings highlight major barriers, including insufficient training for coaches and sports club managers, negative and discriminatory attitudes, an entrenched ableist mindset, limited access to information, and a lack of accessible facilities. These factors collectively impede the active participation of PwD in sports.

Discussion: To overcome these challenges, a coordinated approach is essential, encompassing attitude transformation, targeted training for sports personnel, the implementation of inclusive policies, economic incentives, and enhanced communication strategies. Additional recommendations include integrating universal design principles into sports facilities, establishing support networks and fostering a cultural shift in societal perceptions of disability.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (CRD42024544589).

Aims: The concept of prehabilitation, defined as interventions aimed at enhancing a patient's functional capacity prior to an impending physiological stressor, may contribute to reduced postoperative morbidity and mortality. The study's goal is to verify or refute the feasibility of a prehabilitation programme for two diagnostic patient groups during neoadjuvant chemo(radio)therapy, which is prescribed before the scheduled surgical procedure. This is a single group study design, with all patients enrolled receiving the intervention.

Methods: This is an interventional feasibility study of a prehabilitation programme in the form of physical training conducted at home. The training consists of progressively dosed walking and strength exercises for selected muscle groups. Data will be monitored telemetrically and also through telephone contact with participants. Primary outcomes include: the percentage of patients interested in participating in the study out of all patients indicated for neoadjuvant therapy at University Hospital Ostrava during the observed period, the percentage of patients who complete the prehabilitation programme until the date of surgery and individual patient compliance. Secondary outcomes include physical fitness parameters obtained from cardiopulmonary exercise testing, grip strength measured by a dynamometer, changes in body composition, EORTC QLQ-C30 quality of life questionnaire, and a questionnaire on the subjective perception of the exercise programme. Both primary and secondary outcomes will be compared between study arms (two diagnostic groups). The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT05646043.

Conclusion: The results of this study can serve as a foundation for larger, multicentre, controlled studies in the future.

Introduction: The degree of perceived enjoyment of performed physical activity may be a key aspect with relevance for the effort to get people to be physically active. Spinning, or indoor cycling, is a widespread physical activity that can be performed in a group or individually. The effect of the group element on the enjoyment of spinning remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that enjoyment was greater during spinning exercise performed in a group session as compared to individually.

Methods: Twenty recreationally active persons (56 ± 6 years, 1.74 ± 0.09 m, 81.0 ± 14.7 kg, and BMI of 26.5 ± 3.7) performed 44-min group and individual instructor-led spinning sessions. Values of power output, heart rate, and cadence were recorded during the sessions. Perceived enjoyment of the exercise was determined by means of a questionnaire (PACES-8) after the exercise.

Results: Values of power output, heart rate, and cadence were not different between the two sessions. Enjoyment was statistically significantly greater by 1.4 ± 2.1 points (p = 0.005) during spinning performed in a group session as compared to individually. As a reference framework, 56 points is the maximal sum score.

Conclusions: The difference in enjoyment between conditions was modest and clinically insignificant. In other words, the group element of the spinning session was considered to be of minor importance for the participants' perception of enjoyment.

Introduction: The study aimed to describe the practices and perspectives of Czech football coaches regarding the monitoring of players' training load and physical performance, with a focus on identifying key barriers and preferred sources of information.

Methods: A total of 235 football coaches completed an online survey comprehending training load monitoring methods, physical performance assessments, barriers to implementation, and information sources.

Results: Among respondents, 93.7% reported monitoring training load, with training diaries (70%) being the most utilized method for external load measures and heart rate (45%) for internal load. Despite this, 42.7% of coaches did not monitor internal load and 21.7% did not conduct physical fitness evaluations. The most frequently reported barrier was a lack of resources (74.5%), though elite-level coaches (52.8%) and strength and conditioning coaches (75%) identified human resources as their primary limitation. Across all levels, the Football Association was the preferred source of information (61.7%).

Conclusion: The findings highlight the predominance of traditional monitoring practices among the Czech football coaches, alongside with notable gaps in internal load tracking and fitness evaluation. The resource constraints remain a major barrier. Practical recommendations include promoting economical monitoring tools, such as RPE, and enhancing collaboration among stakeholders to improved monitoring strategies. The Football Association's play a key role on support these efforts.

Introduction: In Germany, there is no systematic approach to talent orientation that recommends an appropriate sport for children. Talent detection is the first step of the talent process, in which children's motor profiles are assessed using standardized test batteries. In the second step, talent orientation, these profiles are weighted with sport profiles to derive sport recommendations for each child. But how are these sport profiles built? The aim of this study is to engage coaches in the creation of sport profiles.

Methods: German coaches (n = 256) of gymnastics, handball, judo, soccer, swimming, table tennis, tennis, track & field participated in a survey using the German Motor Test 6-18 plus ball throwing and agility test. Eight sports were included. Judo was divided into light and heavy weight categories, and track & field into endurance running, sprinting/jumping, and throwing, resulting in eleven disciplines. Each discipline had a separate standardized questionnaire, with judo categories combined into one.

Results: The results show individual profiles of relevant characteristics for each sport discipline. ANOVA and z-transformed means revealed different ratings of the test items, enabling the development of specific combinations of the most important test items for each discipline. The validity of these sport discipline-specific profiles was tested using discriminant analyses, which assigned coaches to their respective sport discipline. A linear discriminant analysis correctly classified 78.1% of coaches to their respective sport discipline. When comparing one sport discipline to all others, correct classification ranged from 82.2% to 92.7%.

Discussion: Based on the coaches' ratings, eleven different sport discipline profiles were developed, each with its own combination of key test items. Track & field sprinting/jumping was most clearly distinguished from other disciplines. Overlaps were found in the profiles of handball and tennis, as well as judo and swimming. These findings help coaches utilize the profiles for talent orientation.

Understanding interindividual variability in muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training (RT) is a key focus of contemporary research. Common aims include identifying determinants of variability and recognizing individuals who do not respond to RT (i.e., non-responders). However, accurately identifying true individual responses (TIR) remains challenging due to the complex nature of muscle hypertrophy assessments. This complexity arises from distinguishing the TIR from natural variation in muscle mass over time and random measurement error in pre- and postintervention assessments. Existing studies have often overlooked this complexity, failing to employ experimental designs capable of isolating the TIR. Additionally, the reliance on random measurement error assessments based on group level data may not adequately capture the biological variation in muscle mass within individuals. In this context, we propose an experimental design based on unilateral, within-subject resistance training, capable of estimating biological variation in muscle mass and identifying TIR to RT-induced muscle hypertrophy. Additionally, we present an approach to effectively identify non-responders.

For more than forty years, physical education has been associated with human sciences in Brazil, with an emphasis on the dynamics of culture. This renewing movement challenged the hegemony of sport and health as predominant themes in the school physical education curriculum, as well as pointing out dilemmas to the positivist scientific paradigm. In this sense, advances in theoretical-methodological propositions in Brazilian physical education are intertwined with scientific understandings in the area. Twenty years ago, from a complex epistemological perspective, a curricular systematization-proposed by an autonomous community of teachers-researchers-brought these understandings closer together, valuing the convergence between the dynamics of culture, movement, the body and the environment. In this research, our objective is to analyze how this systematization can contribute to the pedagogical practice of physical education teachers in the public high school network in the city of Quixadá, located in the interior of the state of Ceará, Brazil. Our qualitative itinerary has action research as a method of intervention, including class observations, group meetings and field diary. Data has been analyzed through thematic analysis, characterizing a collaborative network between participants. We identified that curricular documents direct subject content towards the predominance of cultural elements. This direction, in turn, can make it difficult to develop intersubjective knowledge related to the body, movement and the environment. However, when dialoguing with the systematization and reflecting on the curriculum, the thematic subject content blocks make it possible to visualize (inter)personal aspects, movements and environmental demands as complex knowledge specific to physical education.

Introduction: The study aims to assess and compare the predictive effectiveness of football-related injuries using external load data and a decision tree classification algorithm by unidimensional approach.

Methods: The sample consisted of 25 players from one of the 16 teams participating in the Persian Gulf Pro League during the 2022--2023 season. Player injury data and raw GPS data from all training and competition sessions throughout the football league season were gathered (214 training sessions and 34 competition sessions). The acute-tochronic workload ratio was calculated separately for each variable using a ratio of 1:3 weeks. Finally, the decision tree algorithm with machine learning was utilised to assess the predictive power of injury occurrence based on the acute-to-chronic workload ratio.

Results: The results showed that the variable of the number of decelerations had the highest predictive power compared to other variables [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.91, recall = 87.5%, precision = 58.3%, accuracy = 94.7%].

Conclusion: Although none of the selected external load variables in this study had high predictive power (AUC > 0.95), due to the high predictive power of injury of the number of deceleration variables compared with other variables, the necessity of attention and management of this variable as a risk factor for injury occurrence is essential for preventing future injuries.