Pub Date : 2024-08-16eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1412412
Mariusz Konieczny, Jakub Matuska, Paweł Pakosz, Przemysław Domaszewski, Marta Skulska, Pablo Herrero, Elżbieta Skorupska
Introduction: Short-track speed skating (short track) is an Olympic sport characterized by a specific body position and counterclockwise movement on the track. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that athlete body positions employed in this sport could lead to asymmetric overuse disorders of the left lower limb muscles. An increased number of latent trigger points (LTrPs) was confirmed in individual muscles of the overloaded left limb of short-track athletes. This study aimed to compare the number of LTrPs and the level of resting muscle tone between elite junior short-track athletes and healthy non-athletes.
Methods: The experimental (EXP) group comprised 15 elite short-track junior athletes from the Polish national team and the control (CON) group comprised 15 healthy young volunteers. In both groups, the left leg was tested for (i) the presence of LTrPs and (ii) resting muscle tone (RMT), assessed using surface electromyography in six muscles.
Results: The EXP group showed a higher number of LTrPs in the left lower limb, compared with the CON group. The muscle that was most significantly affected in the athletes was the vastus lateralis obliquus [χ2 (1, N = 30), p < 0.001, V Cramer = 0.71]. This muscle also differed significantly between the groups in terms of the RMT (p = 0.033, Cohen's d = 0.87).
Conclusions: Elite short-track junior athletes presented with increased RMT and an increased number of LTrPs in the vastus lateralis oblique muscle, compared with healthy non-athletes.
简介短道速滑(短道速滑)是一项奥林匹克运动,其特点是在赛道上采用特定的身体姿势和逆时针运动。根据以往的研究,我们假设运动员在这项运动中所采用的身体姿势可能会导致左下肢肌肉的非对称性过度使用性疾病。研究证实,短道速滑运动员左侧肢体超负荷运动时,个别肌肉中的潜在触发点(LTrPs)数量有所增加。本研究旨在比较短道速滑精英青少年运动员和健康非运动员的LTrPs数量和静息肌张力水平:实验(EXP)组由 15 名来自波兰国家队的短道速滑精英青少年运动员组成,对照(CON)组由 15 名健康的年轻志愿者组成。两组均测试了左腿(i)是否存在LTrPs和(ii)静息肌张力(RMT),采用表面肌电图对六块肌肉进行评估:结果:与 CON 组相比,EXP 组左下肢的 LTrPs 数量更多。运动员受影响最明显的肌肉是斜方肌[χ 2 (1, N = 30), p p = 0.033, Cohen's d = 0.87]:结论:与健康的非运动员相比,短道速滑青少年精英运动员的RMT和LTrPs数量均有所增加。
{"title":"Resting muscle tension and trigger points in elite junior short-track athletes and healthy non-athletes: a cross-sectional examination.","authors":"Mariusz Konieczny, Jakub Matuska, Paweł Pakosz, Przemysław Domaszewski, Marta Skulska, Pablo Herrero, Elżbieta Skorupska","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1412412","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1412412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Short-track speed skating (short track) is an Olympic sport characterized by a specific body position and counterclockwise movement on the track. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that athlete body positions employed in this sport could lead to asymmetric overuse disorders of the left lower limb muscles. An increased number of latent trigger points (LTrPs) was confirmed in individual muscles of the overloaded left limb of short-track athletes. This study aimed to compare the number of LTrPs and the level of resting muscle tone between elite junior short-track athletes and healthy non-athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The experimental (EXP) group comprised 15 elite short-track junior athletes from the Polish national team and the control (CON) group comprised 15 healthy young volunteers. In both groups, the left leg was tested for (i) the presence of LTrPs and (ii) resting muscle tone (RMT), assessed using surface electromyography in six muscles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The EXP group showed a higher number of LTrPs in the left lower limb, compared with the CON group. The muscle that was most significantly affected in the athletes was the vastus lateralis obliquus [<i>χ</i> <sup>2</sup> (1, <i>N</i> = 30), <i>p</i> < 0.001, V Cramer = 0.71]. This muscle also differed significantly between the groups in terms of the RMT (<i>p</i> = 0.033, Cohen's d = 0.87).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elite short-track junior athletes presented with increased RMT and an increased number of LTrPs in the vastus lateralis oblique muscle, compared with healthy non-athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11362052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142106683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1316732
Rafael Costa, Marcelo Moriconi
The successful emergence of the Gulf states as central players in the global sporting ecosystem has revived the intellectual debate on the political and diplomatic use of sport. In the last decade, the amount of research on the topic have radically increase. The old narrative traditions explaining sport diplomacy have recently been joined by a new set of literature about the concept of sportswashing, which questions the place of non-democratic governments in the sporting world. Considering that current approaches are somehow limited to explain the real scope of the situation, this article proposes a new systematization of the political and diplomatic use of sport today, differentiating between practices, actors, and objectives. The aim is to demonstrate how sport as a tool of soft power has transcended the limits of public diplomacy and goes far beyond the simplistic and preconceptual analysis developed by authors who support the concept of sportswashing. The new conceptual framework warns that the politicization of sport is not always positive and shows how some political practices can jeopardies the core values of sport and delegitimize its positive aspect. The results open a new agenda for political science research on a topic that, despite its interest and importance, remains understudied.
{"title":"Current political uses of sport revised: beyond public diplomacy and sportswashing.","authors":"Rafael Costa, Marcelo Moriconi","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1316732","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1316732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The successful emergence of the Gulf states as central players in the global sporting ecosystem has revived the intellectual debate on the political and diplomatic use of sport. In the last decade, the amount of research on the topic have radically increase. The old narrative traditions explaining sport diplomacy have recently been joined by a new set of literature about the concept of sportswashing, which questions the place of non-democratic governments in the sporting world. Considering that current approaches are somehow limited to explain the real scope of the situation, this article proposes a new systematization of the political and diplomatic use of sport today, differentiating between practices, actors, and objectives. The aim is to demonstrate how sport as a tool of soft power has transcended the limits of public diplomacy and goes far beyond the simplistic and preconceptual analysis developed by authors who support the concept of sportswashing. The new conceptual framework warns that the politicization of sport is not always positive and shows how some political practices can jeopardies the core values of sport and delegitimize its positive aspect. The results open a new agenda for political science research on a topic that, despite its interest and importance, remains understudied.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11369705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-15eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1418713
Mark S Rice, Darren E R Warburton, Alejandro Gaytan-Gonzalez, Veronica K Jamnik, Kai Kaufman, Declan R D Warburton, Michael Souster, Shannon S D Bredin
Introduction: Ice hockey demands a unique blend of physical fitness and skill, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing on-ice performance. The present study was designed to examine the relationship between off-ice and on-ice performance measures in male, youth, ice hockey players.
Methods: Eleven minor hockey players (Age = 9.8 ± 1.1 years) participated in two testing days: (1) off-ice and (2) on-ice assessments. Off-ice assessments included maximal aerobic power, anaerobic fitness, muscular strength (handgrip and single leg squat), muscular endurance (curl-ups and push-ups), muscular power (standing long jump and vertical jump), and 30 m sprinting speed and acceleration. On-ice testing included a 15.2 m maximum speed test, a 6.1 m acceleration test with a continuation into a 47.9 m top speed test, an agility cornering S turn test, and a shot velocity test.
Results: Twenty-four out of 33 off-ice variables were significantly correlated with at least one of the 11 on-ice performance variables. From those 24, 10 were included as predictors for at least one of the on-ice performance variables. Each model was composed of either one or two predictors, where the most common predictors were 30 m Run - Split (6.1 m) Sprint time and 30 m Run - Total (30 m) Sprint Max speed (included in four out of 11 models each). The prediction formulas R2 and coefficient of variation ranged from 0.63% to 0.96% and 1.2% to 15.3%, respectively.
Discussion: Diverse off-ice measures of aerobic fitness, anaerobic power, muscular strength, power, and endurance, and sprinting speed, acceleration, and agility are predictive of on-ice performance. The insights gained from this study contribute to the refinement of assessment protocols, fostering a comprehensive approach to optimizing player performance and potential. Understanding the connection between objective off-ice testing and on-ice performance can support tailored training programs and player development in male youth ice hockey.
{"title":"The relationship between off-ice testing and on-ice performance in male youth Ice hockey players.","authors":"Mark S Rice, Darren E R Warburton, Alejandro Gaytan-Gonzalez, Veronica K Jamnik, Kai Kaufman, Declan R D Warburton, Michael Souster, Shannon S D Bredin","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1418713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1418713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ice hockey demands a unique blend of physical fitness and skill, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing on-ice performance. The present study was designed to examine the relationship between off-ice and on-ice performance measures in male, youth, ice hockey players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven minor hockey players (Age = 9.8 ± 1.1 years) participated in two testing days: (1) off-ice and (2) on-ice assessments. Off-ice assessments included maximal aerobic power, anaerobic fitness, muscular strength (handgrip and single leg squat), muscular endurance (curl-ups and push-ups), muscular power (standing long jump and vertical jump), and 30 m sprinting speed and acceleration. On-ice testing included a 15.2 m maximum speed test, a 6.1 m acceleration test with a continuation into a 47.9 m top speed test, an agility cornering S turn test, and a shot velocity test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four out of 33 off-ice variables were significantly correlated with at least one of the 11 on-ice performance variables. From those 24, 10 were included as predictors for at least one of the on-ice performance variables. Each model was composed of either one or two predictors, where the most common predictors were 30 m Run - Split (6.1 m) Sprint time and 30 m Run - Total (30 m) Sprint Max speed (included in four out of 11 models each). The prediction formulas R2 and coefficient of variation ranged from 0.63% to 0.96% and 1.2% to 15.3%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Diverse off-ice measures of aerobic fitness, anaerobic power, muscular strength, power, and endurance, and sprinting speed, acceleration, and agility are predictive of on-ice performance. The insights gained from this study contribute to the refinement of assessment protocols, fostering a comprehensive approach to optimizing player performance and potential. Understanding the connection between objective off-ice testing and on-ice performance can support tailored training programs and player development in male youth ice hockey.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11358090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142106684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1456908
Robert Petrone, Becky Beal
Through interviews with key stakeholders within skateboard organizations that explicitly attend to issues of diversity, access, and equity, this article explores pedagogical practices that undergird these organizations' programming for justice. More specifically, this article focuses on the interplay between the implementation of practices of exclusion to promote, ultimately, inclusion. In theorizing this pedagogical approach, this article discusses how notions of "brave spaces" work in tandem with ideas and practices of cultivating "safe spaces" to work toward social transformation within and beyond skateboarding.
{"title":"From \"safe\" to \"brave\" spaces: pedagogical practices of <i>exclusion</i> to promote <i>inclusion</i> within & beyond skateboarding.","authors":"Robert Petrone, Becky Beal","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1456908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1456908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Through interviews with key stakeholders within skateboard organizations that explicitly attend to issues of diversity, access, and equity, this article explores pedagogical practices that undergird these organizations' programming for justice. More specifically, this article focuses on the interplay between the implementation of practices of <i>exclusion</i> to promote, ultimately, <i>inclusion</i>. In theorizing this pedagogical approach, this article discusses how notions of \"brave spaces\" work in tandem with ideas and practices of cultivating \"safe spaces\" to work toward social transformation within and beyond skateboarding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142106680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: When walking and stepping over an obstacle of a certain height, tripping occurs more frequently with the trailing limb than the leading limb. The present study was designed to address whether collisions involving the trailing limb can be improved with experimental manipulation of the placement of the leading limb after stepping over an obstacle. We used an immersive, virtual obstacle-crossing task to ensure that the collision was not improved simply due to the experience of physical collision with an obstacle.
Methods: Fourteen young participants (12 males and 2 females, 28.7 ± 3.5 years) were required to walk and step over a virtual horizontal pole under one of four conditions. In three conditions, participants were required to place their leading foot on a square target located along their walking path after crossing the obstacle. The target was positioned so that it was relatively close to the obstacle (10 cm from the obstacle, referred to hereafter as the closer condition), at a position that would naturally be stepped on in successful trials without a collision (20 cm from the obstacle, the middle condition), or relatively far from the obstacle (40 cm from the obstacle, the farther condition). For the fourth condition, participants were free to select where they would step after stepping over the obstacle (the control condition).
Results and discussion: The results showed that the collision rate of the trailing limb was significantly lower under the closer condition than under the other three conditions. Compared to the control condition, under the closer condition the movement of the trailing limb was modified so that obstacle crossing was performed at approximately the moment when the height of the toe of the trailing limb was higher, and the walking speed was slower. These findings suggest that placing the foot of the leading limb closer to the obstacle after crossing the obstacle may ensure safe obstacle avoidance by the trailing limb.
{"title":"Placing the leading limb closer to an obstacle reduces collision of the trailing limb: an investigation in a virtual environment.","authors":"Tomoki Hakamata, Juntaro Sakazaki, Takahiro Higuchi","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1411037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1411037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>When walking and stepping over an obstacle of a certain height, tripping occurs more frequently with the trailing limb than the leading limb. The present study was designed to address whether collisions involving the trailing limb can be improved with experimental manipulation of the placement of the leading limb after stepping over an obstacle. We used an immersive, virtual obstacle-crossing task to ensure that the collision was not improved simply due to the experience of physical collision with an obstacle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen young participants (12 males and 2 females, 28.7 ± 3.5 years) were required to walk and step over a virtual horizontal pole under one of four conditions. In three conditions, participants were required to place their leading foot on a square target located along their walking path after crossing the obstacle. The target was positioned so that it was relatively close to the obstacle (10 cm from the obstacle, referred to hereafter as the closer condition), at a position that would naturally be stepped on in successful trials without a collision (20 cm from the obstacle, the middle condition), or relatively far from the obstacle (40 cm from the obstacle, the farther condition). For the fourth condition, participants were free to select where they would step after stepping over the obstacle (the control condition).</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The results showed that the collision rate of the trailing limb was significantly lower under the closer condition than under the other three conditions. Compared to the control condition, under the closer condition the movement of the trailing limb was modified so that obstacle crossing was performed at approximately the moment when the height of the toe of the trailing limb was higher, and the walking speed was slower. These findings suggest that placing the foot of the leading limb closer to the obstacle after crossing the obstacle may ensure safe obstacle avoidance by the trailing limb.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142106682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1429789
Alec Singer, Milo Wolf, Leonardo Generoso, Elizabeth Arias, Kenneth Delcastillo, Edwin Echevarria, Amaris Martinez, Patroklos Androulakis Korakakis, Martin C Refalo, Paul A Swinton, Brad J Schoenfeld
We systematically searched the literature for studies with a randomized design that compared different inter-set rest interval durations for estimates of pre-/post-study changes in lean/muscle mass in healthy adults while controlling all other training variables. Bayesian meta-analyses on non-controlled effect sizes using hierarchical models of all 19 measurements (thigh: 10; arm: 6; whole body: 3) from 9 studies meeting inclusion criteria analyses showed substantial overlap of standardized mean differences across the different inter-set rest periods [binary: short: 0.48 (95%CrI: 0.19-0.81), longer: 0.56 (95%CrI: 0.24-0.86); Four categories: short: 0.47 (95%CrI: 0.19-0.80), intermediate: 0.65 (95%CrI: 0.18-1.1), long: 0.55 (95%CrI: 0.15-0.90), very long: 0.50 (95%CrI: 0.14-0.89)], with substantial heterogeneity in results. Univariate and multivariate pairwise meta-analyses of controlled binary (short vs. longer) effect sizes showed similar results for the arm and thigh with central estimates tending to favor longer rest periods [arm: 0.13 (95%CrI: -0.27 to 0.51); thigh: 0.17 (95%CrI: -0.13 to 0.43)]. In contrast, central estimates closer to zero but marginally favoring shorter rest periods were estimated for the whole body [whole body: -0.08 (95%CrI: -0.45 to 0.29)]. Subanalysis of set end-point data indicated that training to failure or stopping short of failure did not meaningfully influence the interaction between rest interval duration and muscle hypertrophy. In conclusion, results suggest a small hypertrophic benefit to employing inter-set rest interval durations >60 s, perhaps mediated by reductions in volume load. However, our analysis did not detect appreciable differences in hypertrophy when resting >90 s between sets, consistent with evidence that detrimental effects on volume load tend to plateau beyond this time-frame. Systematic Review Registration: OSF, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/YWEVC.
{"title":"Give it a rest: a systematic review with Bayesian meta-analysis on the effect of inter-set rest interval duration on muscle hypertrophy.","authors":"Alec Singer, Milo Wolf, Leonardo Generoso, Elizabeth Arias, Kenneth Delcastillo, Edwin Echevarria, Amaris Martinez, Patroklos Androulakis Korakakis, Martin C Refalo, Paul A Swinton, Brad J Schoenfeld","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1429789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1429789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We systematically searched the literature for studies with a randomized design that compared different inter-set rest interval durations for estimates of pre-/post-study changes in lean/muscle mass in healthy adults while controlling all other training variables. Bayesian meta-analyses on non-controlled effect sizes using hierarchical models of all 19 measurements (thigh: 10; arm: 6; whole body: 3) from 9 studies meeting inclusion criteria analyses showed substantial overlap of standardized mean differences across the different inter-set rest periods [binary: short: 0.48 (95%CrI: 0.19-0.81), longer: 0.56 (95%CrI: 0.24-0.86); Four categories: short: 0.47 (95%CrI: 0.19-0.80), intermediate: 0.65 (95%CrI: 0.18-1.1), long: 0.55 (95%CrI: 0.15-0.90), very long: 0.50 (95%CrI: 0.14-0.89)], with substantial heterogeneity in results. Univariate and multivariate pairwise meta-analyses of controlled binary (short vs. longer) effect sizes showed similar results for the arm and thigh with central estimates tending to favor longer rest periods [arm: 0.13 (95%CrI: -0.27 to 0.51); thigh: 0.17 (95%CrI: -0.13 to 0.43)]. In contrast, central estimates closer to zero but marginally favoring shorter rest periods were estimated for the whole body [whole body: -0.08 (95%CrI: -0.45 to 0.29)]. Subanalysis of set end-point data indicated that training to failure or stopping short of failure did not meaningfully influence the interaction between rest interval duration and muscle hypertrophy. In conclusion, results suggest a small hypertrophic benefit to employing inter-set rest interval durations >60 s, perhaps mediated by reductions in volume load. However, our analysis did not detect appreciable differences in hypertrophy when resting >90 s between sets, consistent with evidence that detrimental effects on volume load tend to plateau beyond this time-frame. <b>Systematic Review Registration:</b> OSF, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/YWEVC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142106681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-13eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1439858
Damjana V Cabarkapa, Dimitrije Cabarkapa, Andrew C Fry
Sleep has been recognized as one of the most essential recovery methods necessary for achieving optimal performance. However, there is still a lack of scientific literature focused on examining its impact on one of the most prevalent skills in the game of basketball, the countermovement vertical jump (CVJ). Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between sleep quality and quantity, and lower-body neuromuscular performance characteristics within a cohort of semi-professional male basketball players. Twenty-eight athletes competing in a first-tier regional league in Serbia volunteered to participate in this investigation. Upon arrival at the gym, all athletes completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) self-rated questionnaire. Immediately after completion of the PSQI, each athlete stepped on a force plate system and performed three maximum-effort CVJs with no arm swing. The following force-time metrics were obtained for the analysis: eccentric and concentric absolute and relative mean and peak force and power, vertical jump height, and reactive strength index-modified. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were used to examine the strength of the linear relationships between sleep quality and quantity and lower-body neuromuscular performance characteristics (p < 0.05). The results indicated that sleep quality appears to have a greater impact on the concentric than the eccentric phase of the CVJ (e.g., concentric mean force [r = -0.830; p < 0.001], relative concentric peak force [r = -0.466; p = 0.013, eccentric mean power (r = -0.162; p = 0.409)], while no significant relationship was found between sleep quantity and lower-body neuromuscular performance (e.g., concentric peak force [r = -0.055; p = 0.782], relative eccentric mean power [r = -0.301; p = 0.107]). Overall, these findings offer valuable insights into the importance of good sleep hygiene (e.g., efficiency, duration) in an athletic population, and can help practitioners develop more effective training and recovery programs.
睡眠已被公认为是实现最佳表现所必需的最基本恢复方法之一。然而,目前仍缺乏科学文献重点研究睡眠对篮球运动中最普遍的技能之一--反向运动垂直弹跳(CVJ)--的影响。因此,本研究旨在考察半职业男子篮球运动员群体的睡眠质量和数量与下半身神经肌肉表现特征之间的关系。参加塞尔维亚一级地区联赛的 28 名运动员自愿参与了此次调查。到达体育馆后,所有运动员都填写了匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)自评问卷。完成 PSQI 后,每名运动员立即踏上测力板系统,在不摆臂的情况下进行三次最大用力 CVJ。分析获得了以下力-时间指标:偏心和同心绝对和相对平均和峰值力和功率、垂直跳跃高度和修正后的反应力量指数。皮尔逊积幂相关系数用于检验睡眠质量和数量与下半身神经肌肉表现特征之间的线性关系强度(p p = 0.013,偏心平均功率(r = -0.162; p = 0.409)],而睡眠数量与下半身神经肌肉表现之间没有发现显著关系(例如,偏心平均功率(r = -0.162; p = 0.409))、同心峰值力量[r = -0.055;p = 0.782],相对偏心平均功率[r = -0.301;p = 0.107])之间没有明显关系。总之,这些发现为了解良好的睡眠卫生(如效率、持续时间)在运动员群体中的重要性提供了有价值的见解,并能帮助从业人员制定更有效的训练和恢复计划。
{"title":"Relationship between sleep quality and quantity and lower-body neuromuscular performance characteristics in semi-professional male basketball players.","authors":"Damjana V Cabarkapa, Dimitrije Cabarkapa, Andrew C Fry","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1439858","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1439858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep has been recognized as one of the most essential recovery methods necessary for achieving optimal performance. However, there is still a lack of scientific literature focused on examining its impact on one of the most prevalent skills in the game of basketball, the countermovement vertical jump (CVJ). Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between sleep quality and quantity, and lower-body neuromuscular performance characteristics within a cohort of semi-professional male basketball players. Twenty-eight athletes competing in a first-tier regional league in Serbia volunteered to participate in this investigation. Upon arrival at the gym, all athletes completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) self-rated questionnaire. Immediately after completion of the PSQI, each athlete stepped on a force plate system and performed three maximum-effort CVJs with no arm swing. The following force-time metrics were obtained for the analysis: eccentric and concentric absolute and relative mean and peak force and power, vertical jump height, and reactive strength index-modified. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were used to examine the strength of the linear relationships between sleep quality and quantity and lower-body neuromuscular performance characteristics (<i>p </i>< 0.05). The results indicated that sleep quality appears to have a greater impact on the concentric than the eccentric phase of the CVJ (e.g., concentric mean force [r = -0.830; <i>p </i>< 0.001], relative concentric peak force [r = -0.466; <i>p </i>= 0.013, eccentric mean power (r = -0.162; <i>p </i>= 0.409)], while no significant relationship was found between sleep quantity and lower-body neuromuscular performance (e.g., concentric peak force [r = -0.055; <i>p </i>= 0.782], relative eccentric mean power [r = -0.301; <i>p </i>= 0.107]). Overall, these findings offer valuable insights into the importance of good sleep hygiene (e.g., efficiency, duration) in an athletic population, and can help practitioners develop more effective training and recovery programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11347321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142080112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-13eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1419783
Andreas Müller, Robert Rockenfeller, Ameet K Aiyangar
High vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) during landings following acrobatic elements in artistic gymnastics is associated with trunk and lower extremity injury risk. As similar data regarding injury risk factors in cheerleading are scarce, the purpose of this study was to assess VGRF in pop-off dismounts of rested and fatigued flyers in cheerleaders. Fifteen German cheerleaders were recruited for this study, including seven female flyers and eight male bases. It was expected that performance would change in fatiguing athletes, potentially increasing the risk for injuries. However, neither the mean VGRF (rested: BW, fatigued: BW, overall range: 2.1-14.9 BW) nor the individual VGRF-time courses of the flyers changed significantly after the workout. Instead, we show that the flyers' ability to land - but not the bases' ability to catch - significantly influences the maximum and time-resolved impacts.
{"title":"Individual factors determine landing impacts in rested and fatigued cheerleaders.","authors":"Andreas Müller, Robert Rockenfeller, Ameet K Aiyangar","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1419783","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1419783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) during landings following acrobatic elements in artistic gymnastics is associated with trunk and lower extremity injury risk. As similar data regarding injury risk factors in cheerleading are scarce, the purpose of this study was to assess VGRF in pop-off dismounts of rested and fatigued flyers in cheerleaders. Fifteen German cheerleaders were recruited for this study, including seven female flyers and eight male bases. It was expected that performance would change in fatiguing athletes, potentially increasing the risk for injuries. However, neither the mean VGRF (rested: <math><mn>6.0</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>1.9</mn></math> BW, fatigued: <math><mn>6.2</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>1.3</mn></math> BW, overall range: 2.1-14.9 BW) nor the individual VGRF-time courses of the flyers changed significantly after the workout. Instead, we show that the flyers' ability to land - but not the bases' ability to catch - significantly influences the maximum and time-resolved impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11347287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142080111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-12eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1441022
Damjana V Cabarkapa, Dimitrije Cabarkapa, Jelena Aleksic, Igor Ranisavljev, Andrew C Fry
One of the reoccurring questions that arises during the countermovement vertical jump (CVJ) assessment is whether the learning effect has an impact on the accuracy of the results obtained. Thus, the purpose of the present investigation was to examine the impact of the short-term learning effect on the assessment of lower-body neuromuscular performance characteristics when performed on a portable one-dimensional force plate system. Sixteen recreationally active college-age males volunteered to participate in the present study. Each participant completed four sets of three non-consecutive CVJs with no arm swing throughout a single day. Besides strong verbal encouragement, participants were constantly instructed to focus on pushing the ground as explosively as possible. Fourteen force-time metrics were selected for CVJ performance analysis purposes: eccentric and concentric peak and mean force and power, eccentric and concentric duration, contraction time, jump height, reactive strength index-modified, and countermovement depth. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine statistically significant differences across four testing time points (p < 0.05). The results indicate an absence of any meaningful differences across four testing time points in force-time metrics of interest during both eccentric and concentric phases of the CVJ. Moreover, no differences were observed in CVJ outcome metrics such as countermovement depth, suggesting that the movement strategy tends to remain consistent. Overall, these findings reveal that CVJ test repeatability is not affected by the short-term learning effect and that data are stable at least within the scope of this study and within this population.
{"title":"Does the short-term learning effect impact vertical jump performance assessment on a portable force plate system?","authors":"Damjana V Cabarkapa, Dimitrije Cabarkapa, Jelena Aleksic, Igor Ranisavljev, Andrew C Fry","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1441022","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1441022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the reoccurring questions that arises during the countermovement vertical jump (CVJ) assessment is whether the learning effect has an impact on the accuracy of the results obtained. Thus, the purpose of the present investigation was to examine the impact of the short-term learning effect on the assessment of lower-body neuromuscular performance characteristics when performed on a portable one-dimensional force plate system. Sixteen recreationally active college-age males volunteered to participate in the present study. Each participant completed four sets of three non-consecutive CVJs with no arm swing throughout a single day. Besides strong verbal encouragement, participants were constantly instructed to focus on pushing the ground as explosively as possible. Fourteen force-time metrics were selected for CVJ performance analysis purposes: eccentric and concentric peak and mean force and power, eccentric and concentric duration, contraction time, jump height, reactive strength index-modified, and countermovement depth. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine statistically significant differences across four testing time points (<i>p </i>< 0.05). The results indicate an absence of any meaningful differences across four testing time points in force-time metrics of interest during both eccentric and concentric phases of the CVJ. Moreover, no differences were observed in CVJ outcome metrics such as countermovement depth, suggesting that the movement strategy tends to remain consistent. Overall, these findings reveal that CVJ test repeatability is not affected by the short-term learning effect and that data are stable at least within the scope of this study and within this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11345363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142072561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1407848
Ana Paula Afonso, Manuel J. Fonseca, Joana Cardoso, Beltran Vasquez
Video games have become increasingly popular worldwide, attracting billions of gamers across diverse demographics. While studies have highlighted their potential benefits, concerns about problematic gaming behaviors have also emerged. Conditions such as Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) have been recognized by major health organizations, necessitating accurate diagnostic tools. However, existing methods, primarily reliant on self-report questionnaires, face challenges in accuracy and consistency. This paper proposes a novel technological approach to provide gaming behavior indicators, aiming to offer precise insights into gamer behavior and emotion regulation.To attain this objective, we investigate quantifiable gaming behavior metrics using automated, unobtrusive, and easily accessible methods. Our approach encompasses the analysis of behavioral telemetry data collected from online gaming platforms and incorporates automated extraction of gamer emotional states from face video recordings during gameplay. To illustrate the metrics and visualizations and demonstrate our method’s application we collected data from two amateur and two professional gamers, all of whom played Counter-Strike2 on PC. Our approach offers objective insights into in-game gamer behavior, helping health professionals in the identification of patterns that may be difficult to discern through traditional assessment methods.Preliminary assessments of the proposed methodology demonstrate its potential usefulness in providing valuable insights about gaming behavior and emotion regulation. By leveraging automated data collection and visualization analysis techniques, our approach offers a more comprehensive understanding of gamer behavior, which could enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform interventions for individuals at risk of problematic gaming behaviors.Our findings demonstrate the valuable insights obtainable from a tool that collects telemetry data, emotion regulation metrics, and gaming patterns. This tool, utilizing specific indicators, can support healthcare professionals in diagnosing IGD and tracking therapeutic progress, potentially addressing challenges linked to conventional IGD assessment methods. Furthermore, this initial data can provide therapists with detailed information on each player’s problematic behaviors and gaming habits, enabling the development of personalized treatments tailored to individual needs. Future research endeavors will focus on refining the methodology and extending its application in clinical settings to facilitate more comprehensive diagnostic practices and tailored interventions for individuals at risk of problematic gaming behaviors.
电子游戏在全球日益流行,吸引了数十亿不同人群的玩家。研究强调了电子游戏的潜在益处,但同时也出现了对有问题的游戏行为的担忧。网络游戏障碍(IGD)等病症已被主要健康组织认可,因此需要精确的诊断工具。然而,现有方法主要依赖于自我报告问卷,在准确性和一致性方面面临挑战。本文提出了一种提供游戏行为指标的新型技术方法,旨在提供有关游戏玩家行为和情绪调节的精确见解。我们的方法包括分析从在线游戏平台收集的行为遥测数据,并从游戏过程中的面部视频记录中自动提取游戏玩家的情绪状态。为了说明指标和可视化效果并展示我们方法的应用,我们收集了两名业余玩家和两名职业玩家的数据,他们都在 PC 上玩《反恐精英 2》。我们的方法可以客观地洞察游戏玩家的游戏行为,帮助健康专业人员识别传统评估方法难以识别的模式。对所提方法的初步评估表明,该方法在提供有关游戏行为和情绪调节的宝贵见解方面具有潜在的实用性。通过利用自动数据收集和可视化分析技术,我们的方法可以更全面地了解游戏者的行为,从而提高诊断的准确性,并为对有问题游戏行为风险的个人采取干预措施提供依据。我们的研究结果表明,收集遥测数据、情绪调节指标和游戏模式的工具可以提供有价值的见解。该工具利用特定指标,可帮助医护人员诊断 IGD 并跟踪治疗进展,从而有可能解决与传统 IGD 评估方法相关的难题。此外,这些初始数据还能为治疗师提供每个玩家的问题行为和游戏习惯的详细信息,从而开发出适合个人需求的个性化治疗方法。未来的研究工作将侧重于完善该方法并将其应用于临床环境,以促进更全面的诊断实践,并为有问题游戏行为风险的个人提供量身定制的干预措施。
{"title":"Towards an automated approach for understanding problematic gaming","authors":"Ana Paula Afonso, Manuel J. Fonseca, Joana Cardoso, Beltran Vasquez","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1407848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1407848","url":null,"abstract":"Video games have become increasingly popular worldwide, attracting billions of gamers across diverse demographics. While studies have highlighted their potential benefits, concerns about problematic gaming behaviors have also emerged. Conditions such as Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) have been recognized by major health organizations, necessitating accurate diagnostic tools. However, existing methods, primarily reliant on self-report questionnaires, face challenges in accuracy and consistency. This paper proposes a novel technological approach to provide gaming behavior indicators, aiming to offer precise insights into gamer behavior and emotion regulation.To attain this objective, we investigate quantifiable gaming behavior metrics using automated, unobtrusive, and easily accessible methods. Our approach encompasses the analysis of behavioral telemetry data collected from online gaming platforms and incorporates automated extraction of gamer emotional states from face video recordings during gameplay. To illustrate the metrics and visualizations and demonstrate our method’s application we collected data from two amateur and two professional gamers, all of whom played Counter-Strike2 on PC. Our approach offers objective insights into in-game gamer behavior, helping health professionals in the identification of patterns that may be difficult to discern through traditional assessment methods.Preliminary assessments of the proposed methodology demonstrate its potential usefulness in providing valuable insights about gaming behavior and emotion regulation. By leveraging automated data collection and visualization analysis techniques, our approach offers a more comprehensive understanding of gamer behavior, which could enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform interventions for individuals at risk of problematic gaming behaviors.Our findings demonstrate the valuable insights obtainable from a tool that collects telemetry data, emotion regulation metrics, and gaming patterns. This tool, utilizing specific indicators, can support healthcare professionals in diagnosing IGD and tracking therapeutic progress, potentially addressing challenges linked to conventional IGD assessment methods. Furthermore, this initial data can provide therapists with detailed information on each player’s problematic behaviors and gaming habits, enabling the development of personalized treatments tailored to individual needs. Future research endeavors will focus on refining the methodology and extending its application in clinical settings to facilitate more comprehensive diagnostic practices and tailored interventions for individuals at risk of problematic gaming behaviors.","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}