Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473716
Ogeen H. Toma, M. López-Benítez
Cooperative spectrum sensing is a widely studied topic in cognitive radio, which is capable of improving the detection accuracy of the primary channel activities. In cooperative spectrum sensing, secondary users' observations are sent to a common receiver, the Fusion Centre (FC), to obtain a better understanding and decision about the state of the primary channel. This work, however, investigates how these observations of the secondary users can efficiently be exploited in such a way that minimises the collision ratio between the secondary and the primary users and at the same time maximises the exploitation of the unused frequency spectrum. As a result, a simple yet efficient approach is proposed for cooperative spectrum sensing, which, to the best of the authors' knowledge, has not been covered in the literature. This approach outperforms the conventional approach of cooperative spectrum sensing for reducing the interference and increasing the utilisation of the unused frequency spectrum in cognitive radio systems.
{"title":"Cooperative Spectrum Sensing: A New Approach for Minimum Interference and Maximum Utilisation","authors":"Ogeen H. Toma, M. López-Benítez","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473716","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative spectrum sensing is a widely studied topic in cognitive radio, which is capable of improving the detection accuracy of the primary channel activities. In cooperative spectrum sensing, secondary users' observations are sent to a common receiver, the Fusion Centre (FC), to obtain a better understanding and decision about the state of the primary channel. This work, however, investigates how these observations of the secondary users can efficiently be exploited in such a way that minimises the collision ratio between the secondary and the primary users and at the same time maximises the exploitation of the unused frequency spectrum. As a result, a simple yet efficient approach is proposed for cooperative spectrum sensing, which, to the best of the authors' knowledge, has not been covered in the literature. This approach outperforms the conventional approach of cooperative spectrum sensing for reducing the interference and increasing the utilisation of the unused frequency spectrum in cognitive radio systems.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122684135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473578
Gen Li, M. Zeng, Deepak Mishra, L. Hao, Zheng Ma, O. Dobre
Intelligent reflective surface (IRS) is envisioned as a promising transmission technique for next-generation communication systems owing to its ability to reconfigure the wireless propagation environments. In this paper, we aim to maximize the energy-efficiency (EE) for an IRS-assisted downlink multiple-input single-output system. To solve the multi-variable non-convex optimization problem, a joint optimization of the transmit beamforming vector, power, and phase shift matrix at the IRS is performed with the help of the block coordinate descent (BCD) method. Presented simulation results demonstrate that the convergence of the BCD method is remarkably fast and the single iteration based solution has almost the same EE performance (less than 2.5%) as the iterative one. Meanwhile, the proposed scheme can achieve a 70.7% gain in EE when compared with the IRS-free counterpart.
{"title":"Energy-efficient Joint Beamforming Design for IRS-assisted MISO System","authors":"Gen Li, M. Zeng, Deepak Mishra, L. Hao, Zheng Ma, O. Dobre","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473578","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligent reflective surface (IRS) is envisioned as a promising transmission technique for next-generation communication systems owing to its ability to reconfigure the wireless propagation environments. In this paper, we aim to maximize the energy-efficiency (EE) for an IRS-assisted downlink multiple-input single-output system. To solve the multi-variable non-convex optimization problem, a joint optimization of the transmit beamforming vector, power, and phase shift matrix at the IRS is performed with the help of the block coordinate descent (BCD) method. Presented simulation results demonstrate that the convergence of the BCD method is remarkably fast and the single iteration based solution has almost the same EE performance (less than 2.5%) as the iterative one. Meanwhile, the proposed scheme can achieve a 70.7% gain in EE when compared with the IRS-free counterpart.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126542630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473857
M. Sharma, P. Tan, E. Kurniawan, Sumei Sun
In this work, we develop a reinforcement learning (RL) based model-free approach to obtain a policy for joint packet scheduling and rate adaptation, such that the packet drop probability (PDP) is minimized. The developed learning scheme yields an online cross-layer scheduling policy which takes into account the randomness in packet arrivals and wireless channels, as well as the state of packet buffers. Inherent difference in the time-scales of packet arrival process and the wireless channel variations leads to sparsity in the observed reward signal. Since an RL agent learns by using the feedback obtained in terms of rewards for its actions, the sample complexity of RL approach increases exponentially due to resulting sparsity. Therefore, a basic RL based approach, e.g., double deep Q-network (DDQN) based RL, results in a policy with negligible performance gain over the state-of-the-art schemes, such as shortest processing time (SPT) based scheduling. In order to alleviate the sparse reward problem, we leverage prioritized experience replay (PER) and develop a DDQN-based learning scheme with PER. We observe through simulations that the policy learned using DDQN-PER approach results in a 3-5% lower PDP, compared to both the basic DDQN based RL and SPT scheme.
{"title":"Packet Drop Probability-Optimal Cross-layer Scheduling: Dealing with Curse of Sparsity using Prioritized Experience Replay","authors":"M. Sharma, P. Tan, E. Kurniawan, Sumei Sun","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473857","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we develop a reinforcement learning (RL) based model-free approach to obtain a policy for joint packet scheduling and rate adaptation, such that the packet drop probability (PDP) is minimized. The developed learning scheme yields an online cross-layer scheduling policy which takes into account the randomness in packet arrivals and wireless channels, as well as the state of packet buffers. Inherent difference in the time-scales of packet arrival process and the wireless channel variations leads to sparsity in the observed reward signal. Since an RL agent learns by using the feedback obtained in terms of rewards for its actions, the sample complexity of RL approach increases exponentially due to resulting sparsity. Therefore, a basic RL based approach, e.g., double deep Q-network (DDQN) based RL, results in a policy with negligible performance gain over the state-of-the-art schemes, such as shortest processing time (SPT) based scheduling. In order to alleviate the sparse reward problem, we leverage prioritized experience replay (PER) and develop a DDQN-based learning scheme with PER. We observe through simulations that the policy learned using DDQN-PER approach results in a 3-5% lower PDP, compared to both the basic DDQN based RL and SPT scheme.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129879109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473593
Rohit Singh, Deepak Saluja, Suman Kumar
Vehicular communication requires low latency, high speed and ultra-reliable transmission. However, the increase in popularity of connected vehicles, as well as rapid change in vehicular topology, limits the capabilities of the current vehicular network. Thanks to 3GPP release 16 as well as the outlines of release 17, which indicates that the next generation radio is showing great interest in the applications which require ultrareliable, low latency communication. In this work, we study critical requirements of the vehicular communication network along with several state of the art techniques towards mitigation of these problems. Besides, we discuss the 5G radio roadmap towards the fulfilment of vehicular network challenges, and several key enhancement and newly added verticals have been explained from the vehicular viewpoint.
{"title":"5G Enabled VANet: Enhancing the Capabilities of Vehicular Communication Network","authors":"Rohit Singh, Deepak Saluja, Suman Kumar","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473593","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicular communication requires low latency, high speed and ultra-reliable transmission. However, the increase in popularity of connected vehicles, as well as rapid change in vehicular topology, limits the capabilities of the current vehicular network. Thanks to 3GPP release 16 as well as the outlines of release 17, which indicates that the next generation radio is showing great interest in the applications which require ultrareliable, low latency communication. In this work, we study critical requirements of the vehicular communication network along with several state of the art techniques towards mitigation of these problems. Besides, we discuss the 5G radio roadmap towards the fulfilment of vehicular network challenges, and several key enhancement and newly added verticals have been explained from the vehicular viewpoint.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130101415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473591
H. A. Hamadi, Nida Nasir, C. Yeun, E. Damiani
This paper presents a new secure communication scheme for an Intelligent Public Transportation System (IPTS). The proposed scheme generates a cryptographic key and aims to share it among the ATSoI’s participant entities securely. It mitigates several cyber-threats such as; DoS attack, replay attack, Man-In-The-Middle Attack, and eavesdropping activities with more potential occurrences in such cooperative systems. Moreover, it relies on a nonce instead of a timestamp to avoid time synchronization problems. Thus, it provides mutual authentication, confidentiality, message integrity, the privacy of the entities’ IDs, and checking the entities’ availability. A formal verification tool (ProVerif) is used to validate the proposed protocol’s security robustness through two main steps. Firstly, coding of the proposed protocol using ProVerif syntax. Secondly, performing the analysis of the attack trace for the failure queries.
{"title":"A Verified Protocol for Secure Autonomous and Cooperative Public Transportation in Smart Cities","authors":"H. A. Hamadi, Nida Nasir, C. Yeun, E. Damiani","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473591","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new secure communication scheme for an Intelligent Public Transportation System (IPTS). The proposed scheme generates a cryptographic key and aims to share it among the ATSoI’s participant entities securely. It mitigates several cyber-threats such as; DoS attack, replay attack, Man-In-The-Middle Attack, and eavesdropping activities with more potential occurrences in such cooperative systems. Moreover, it relies on a nonce instead of a timestamp to avoid time synchronization problems. Thus, it provides mutual authentication, confidentiality, message integrity, the privacy of the entities’ IDs, and checking the entities’ availability. A formal verification tool (ProVerif) is used to validate the proposed protocol’s security robustness through two main steps. Firstly, coding of the proposed protocol using ProVerif syntax. Secondly, performing the analysis of the attack trace for the failure queries.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129695652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473855
M. Sadeghi, Shahram Mollahasani, M. Erol-Kantarci
The future electricity distribution system will be highly impacted by the emergence of peer-to-peer energy trading within microgrid (MG) communities. The idea of peer-to-peer energy trading is to export the surplus energy of a MG to a nearby MG or a group of MGs whose electrical load exceeds their generation. The variations in demand and generation, and the dynamic nature of these communities result in uncertainty on whether MGs will be able to satisfy their trading commitment or not. In this paper, the problem of energy trading among MGs is addressed with the objective of minimizing the cost under uncertainty. A Bayesian coalitional Game (BCG) based scheme is proposed, which helps the MGs to minimize the overall cost by forming stable coalitions. The results show 15% to 30% improvement in terms of cost minimization compared to an existing Q-learning based scheme and a conventional coalitional game theory (CG)-based approach from the literature.
{"title":"Cost-Aware Dynamic Bayesian Coalitional Game for Energy Trading among Microgrids","authors":"M. Sadeghi, Shahram Mollahasani, M. Erol-Kantarci","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473855","url":null,"abstract":"The future electricity distribution system will be highly impacted by the emergence of peer-to-peer energy trading within microgrid (MG) communities. The idea of peer-to-peer energy trading is to export the surplus energy of a MG to a nearby MG or a group of MGs whose electrical load exceeds their generation. The variations in demand and generation, and the dynamic nature of these communities result in uncertainty on whether MGs will be able to satisfy their trading commitment or not. In this paper, the problem of energy trading among MGs is addressed with the objective of minimizing the cost under uncertainty. A Bayesian coalitional Game (BCG) based scheme is proposed, which helps the MGs to minimize the overall cost by forming stable coalitions. The results show 15% to 30% improvement in terms of cost minimization compared to an existing Q-learning based scheme and a conventional coalitional game theory (CG)-based approach from the literature.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129546318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473851
A. S. Tan, Elham Dehghan Biyar
Relaying in mobile communication networks has great potential for cost effective system performance improvement. Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) system in 5G is designed to provide relaying for User Equipment (UE) and IAB-nodes. However, designing an efficient and high-capacity IAB operation is still under investigation. In this paper, we propose novel methods to dynamically and autonomously initiate new IAB-nodes in regions where UEs experience temporary quality of service degradation. Moreover, we propose methods for selective handover of UEs with low quality of service to new IAB-nodes in order to improve the overall performance of the system. We present simulation results which demonstrate the performance gains on packet drop rate and delay achieved by utilizing the proposed system and methods.
{"title":"QoS-Aware Autonomous IAB-Node Activation and Access Control","authors":"A. S. Tan, Elham Dehghan Biyar","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473851","url":null,"abstract":"Relaying in mobile communication networks has great potential for cost effective system performance improvement. Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) system in 5G is designed to provide relaying for User Equipment (UE) and IAB-nodes. However, designing an efficient and high-capacity IAB operation is still under investigation. In this paper, we propose novel methods to dynamically and autonomously initiate new IAB-nodes in regions where UEs experience temporary quality of service degradation. Moreover, we propose methods for selective handover of UEs with low quality of service to new IAB-nodes in order to improve the overall performance of the system. We present simulation results which demonstrate the performance gains on packet drop rate and delay achieved by utilizing the proposed system and methods.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128724915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473740
Imran Mohammed, I. Collings, S. Hanly
This paper presents an accurate approach to predict the probability of line-of-sight for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications. We present a new numerical approach to calculate the probability of line-of-sight as a function of UAV height and distance to a ground based receiver, using a two- dimensional model of building and UAV locations. We use this numerical approach to calculate the probability of line-of-sight as a function of elevation angle. We also provide closed-form formulas for the probability of LoS as a function of elevation angle. We show that our approaches predict the probability of line-of-sight more accurately than the existing approaches.
{"title":"Line of Sight Probability Prediction for UAV Communication","authors":"Imran Mohammed, I. Collings, S. Hanly","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473740","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an accurate approach to predict the probability of line-of-sight for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications. We present a new numerical approach to calculate the probability of line-of-sight as a function of UAV height and distance to a ground based receiver, using a two- dimensional model of building and UAV locations. We use this numerical approach to calculate the probability of line-of-sight as a function of elevation angle. We also provide closed-form formulas for the probability of LoS as a function of elevation angle. We show that our approaches predict the probability of line-of-sight more accurately than the existing approaches.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125347758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473782
Deepti Saraswat, M. Das
The edge computing works as an interface between the real world data, sensor nodes and cloud devices and provides intended security and privacy features. Use of smart wearable devices embedded with modern chipsets and leveraged with edge computing provides near real time monitoring, display diagnostics of state of the patient health and prevents spread of disease, even if the doctor is distantly located. In this paper, a secure smart health care system is proposed that is supported by multiple physiological sensors, smart devices and edge nodes at patient and doctor end to collect, protect, process, analyze and leverages cloud facilities to manage health records of patients. The analyzed data and requisites data are made available to the patient’s smart devices. The simulation results show that the proposed system demands low latency for patients under different medical condition to enable fast and real-time diagnosis from healthcare professionals.
{"title":"Edge-enabled Secure Healthcare System","authors":"Deepti Saraswat, M. Das","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473782","url":null,"abstract":"The edge computing works as an interface between the real world data, sensor nodes and cloud devices and provides intended security and privacy features. Use of smart wearable devices embedded with modern chipsets and leveraged with edge computing provides near real time monitoring, display diagnostics of state of the patient health and prevents spread of disease, even if the doctor is distantly located. In this paper, a secure smart health care system is proposed that is supported by multiple physiological sensors, smart devices and edge nodes at patient and doctor end to collect, protect, process, analyze and leverages cloud facilities to manage health records of patients. The analyzed data and requisites data are made available to the patient’s smart devices. The simulation results show that the proposed system demands low latency for patients under different medical condition to enable fast and real-time diagnosis from healthcare professionals.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133633867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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