Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473530
Pousali Chakraborty, M. Corici, T. Magedanz
5G network is very flexible because of the two concepts Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and the Software Defined Networks (SDN). There are various use cases for 5G technology and for different cases different configuration of the network will be needed. 5G Technology will bring intelligence within the network. The ability to support massive connectivity across diverse devices will result in enormous data volume within the 5G network. Continuous monitoring and traffic log analysis in such a complex architecture will not be sufficient to ensure availability and reliability within the network. The integration of data analytics within the 5G network can leverage the potential of automation. By introducing automation in the monitoring process better Quality of Services (QoS) can be achieved and analysing the network traffic load for better bandwidth utilization within the network. This article proposes a solution to integrate time series based analytics with 5G core and predicting any threats within the system which can lead to system failure. To validate the proposal Fraunhofer FOKUS Open5GCore toolkit is used.
{"title":"System Failure Prediction within Software 5G Core Networks using Time Series Forecasting","authors":"Pousali Chakraborty, M. Corici, T. Magedanz","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473530","url":null,"abstract":"5G network is very flexible because of the two concepts Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and the Software Defined Networks (SDN). There are various use cases for 5G technology and for different cases different configuration of the network will be needed. 5G Technology will bring intelligence within the network. The ability to support massive connectivity across diverse devices will result in enormous data volume within the 5G network. Continuous monitoring and traffic log analysis in such a complex architecture will not be sufficient to ensure availability and reliability within the network. The integration of data analytics within the 5G network can leverage the potential of automation. By introducing automation in the monitoring process better Quality of Services (QoS) can be achieved and analysing the network traffic load for better bandwidth utilization within the network. This article proposes a solution to integrate time series based analytics with 5G core and predicting any threats within the system which can lead to system failure. To validate the proposal Fraunhofer FOKUS Open5GCore toolkit is used.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126791243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473858
Xian Liu, Cong Sun, Eduard Axel Jorswieck
A two-user downlink network assisted by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is considered in this paper. We aim to maximize the weighted signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of the two users by jointly optimizing the precoding vectors at the base station and the reflection coefficient matrix at the RIS. For the nonconvex sum ratio optimization problem, we first formulate the upper bound of the SINR using the zero-forcing technique and then maximize it instead. The reformulated problem provides a lower bound for the optimal value of the original problem. Then we apply the alternating direction method of multipliers to deal with the constraints individually. In simulations the two-user SINR region is depicted, which shows that the new model as well as the algorithm improve the system’s quality of service compared to the state of the arts.
{"title":"Two-user SINR Region for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Downlink Channel","authors":"Xian Liu, Cong Sun, Eduard Axel Jorswieck","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473858","url":null,"abstract":"A two-user downlink network assisted by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is considered in this paper. We aim to maximize the weighted signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of the two users by jointly optimizing the precoding vectors at the base station and the reflection coefficient matrix at the RIS. For the nonconvex sum ratio optimization problem, we first formulate the upper bound of the SINR using the zero-forcing technique and then maximize it instead. The reformulated problem provides a lower bound for the optimal value of the original problem. Then we apply the alternating direction method of multipliers to deal with the constraints individually. In simulations the two-user SINR region is depicted, which shows that the new model as well as the algorithm improve the system’s quality of service compared to the state of the arts.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123155126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473859
Kerim Gökarslan, Yagmur Sabucu Sandal, T. Tuğcu
Having their own requirement and specifications, industrial networks mostly bank on traditionally more reliable wired technologies such as Ethernet and PROFINET. Recent developments in cellular technologies, more specifically 5G, bring a new era with ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) where networks can achieve six nines of reliability with latency values around 1 ms. Industries, thus, have a substantial interest in deploying 5G at factories as it can reduce both operational and capital costs while not compromising latency and reliability requirements. Unfortunately, today’s 5G networks are designed for the larger subscriber community in a city or country that has requirements significantly different from industrial networks. In this paper, we propose a novel programmable data path for industrial 5G networks in P4, a high-level programming language to control data plane in network devices, to achieve lower latency values while enabling network engineers to have a fine-grained real-time network monitoring and increasing network security using an in-network switch. Our design leverages the relaxations of operating industrial 5G networks compared to traditional multitenant cellular networks, such as the fact that a factory is both the network operator and user equipment (UE) operator. We implement our design in P416 with P4’s software switch BMV2 and demonstrate its benefits on Open5GS, an open-source C-based 5G core implementation, and UERANSIM, an open-source 5G UE and RAN simulator. Our thorough evaluations show that our design can reduce intra-cellular network latency up to 2x compared to the traditional 5G architecture. We further demonstrate that our system can enable network administrators to do fine-grained network monitoring at the ~10 ms polling interval rates without significantly affecting the existing traffic. Similarly, we demonstrate that security rules can be updated within 10 ms with a 95% confidence interval. Noting that we run experiments on a P4-based software switch, we expect to see much lower update intervals on a P4-hardware switch.
{"title":"Towards a URLLC-Aware Programmable Data Path with P4 for Industrial 5G Networks","authors":"Kerim Gökarslan, Yagmur Sabucu Sandal, T. Tuğcu","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473859","url":null,"abstract":"Having their own requirement and specifications, industrial networks mostly bank on traditionally more reliable wired technologies such as Ethernet and PROFINET. Recent developments in cellular technologies, more specifically 5G, bring a new era with ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) where networks can achieve six nines of reliability with latency values around 1 ms. Industries, thus, have a substantial interest in deploying 5G at factories as it can reduce both operational and capital costs while not compromising latency and reliability requirements. Unfortunately, today’s 5G networks are designed for the larger subscriber community in a city or country that has requirements significantly different from industrial networks. In this paper, we propose a novel programmable data path for industrial 5G networks in P4, a high-level programming language to control data plane in network devices, to achieve lower latency values while enabling network engineers to have a fine-grained real-time network monitoring and increasing network security using an in-network switch. Our design leverages the relaxations of operating industrial 5G networks compared to traditional multitenant cellular networks, such as the fact that a factory is both the network operator and user equipment (UE) operator. We implement our design in P416 with P4’s software switch BMV2 and demonstrate its benefits on Open5GS, an open-source C-based 5G core implementation, and UERANSIM, an open-source 5G UE and RAN simulator. Our thorough evaluations show that our design can reduce intra-cellular network latency up to 2x compared to the traditional 5G architecture. We further demonstrate that our system can enable network administrators to do fine-grained network monitoring at the ~10 ms polling interval rates without significantly affecting the existing traffic. Similarly, we demonstrate that security rules can be updated within 10 ms with a 95% confidence interval. Noting that we run experiments on a P4-based software switch, we expect to see much lower update intervals on a P4-hardware switch.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126488913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473516
M. S. Ibrahim, Saeed R. Khosravirad, Jakub Mazgula, H. Viswanathan, N. Sidiropoulos
This paper investigates the use of beamforming millimeter-wave (mmWave) repeaters in wireless industrial control systems. We study deployment of mmWave in a factory floor with several production lines and a multitude of devices that periodically receive packets from the controller via a hub access point (AP). We propose to use beamforming repeaters as an alternative to the so-called multi-transmission reception point (multi-TRP) technology, where wireless fronthaul links from the hub TRP to the repeaters substitute the bulky wired links to the different TRPs. The proposed wireless TRP is then demonstrated to extend communication coverage across the factory floor, while improving end-to-end link reliability via over-the-air combining of the signal from the repeater and the hub TRP. We formulate the optimization problem of associating TRPs and beams to each user for the objective of minimizing the overall scheduling latency while satisfying reliable communication to all users. To tackle such a problem, we propose a low-complexity greedy algorithm, which through extensive simulations is shown to significantly reduce system- level scheduling latency compared to the existing schemes in the literature. In our simulations, the effects of most objects on radio wave propagation are accurately modeled using a ray-tracing tool.
{"title":"Beam Selection for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication in Industrial Environment with Beamforming Repeaters","authors":"M. S. Ibrahim, Saeed R. Khosravirad, Jakub Mazgula, H. Viswanathan, N. Sidiropoulos","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473516","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the use of beamforming millimeter-wave (mmWave) repeaters in wireless industrial control systems. We study deployment of mmWave in a factory floor with several production lines and a multitude of devices that periodically receive packets from the controller via a hub access point (AP). We propose to use beamforming repeaters as an alternative to the so-called multi-transmission reception point (multi-TRP) technology, where wireless fronthaul links from the hub TRP to the repeaters substitute the bulky wired links to the different TRPs. The proposed wireless TRP is then demonstrated to extend communication coverage across the factory floor, while improving end-to-end link reliability via over-the-air combining of the signal from the repeater and the hub TRP. We formulate the optimization problem of associating TRPs and beams to each user for the objective of minimizing the overall scheduling latency while satisfying reliable communication to all users. To tackle such a problem, we propose a low-complexity greedy algorithm, which through extensive simulations is shown to significantly reduce system- level scheduling latency compared to the existing schemes in the literature. In our simulations, the effects of most objects on radio wave propagation are accurately modeled using a ray-tracing tool.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122293556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473891
Fabian Undi, A. Schultze, W. Keusgen, M. Peter, Taro Eichler
This paper describes angle-resolved channel measurements at 300 GHz, which were performed in an outdoor environment. An advanced time domain channel sounder and a sounding sequence with a measurement bandwidth of 2 GHz were used in the experiment. The experiment’s objective was to obtain channel parameters such as channel impulse response, path gain, delay and angular spread. The measurement campaign can be regarded as a micro urban scenario and was carried out in a parking lot. The analysis of the collected data shows that the previously mentioned channel parameters can be acquired for receiver–transmitter distances up to over 30 m in the 300 GHz with a line-of-sight assured. Further, obstructed line-of-sight transmission was also accomplished.
{"title":"Angle-Resolved THz Channel Measurements at 300 GHz in an Outdoor Environment","authors":"Fabian Undi, A. Schultze, W. Keusgen, M. Peter, Taro Eichler","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473891","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes angle-resolved channel measurements at 300 GHz, which were performed in an outdoor environment. An advanced time domain channel sounder and a sounding sequence with a measurement bandwidth of 2 GHz were used in the experiment. The experiment’s objective was to obtain channel parameters such as channel impulse response, path gain, delay and angular spread. The measurement campaign can be regarded as a micro urban scenario and was carried out in a parking lot. The analysis of the collected data shows that the previously mentioned channel parameters can be acquired for receiver–transmitter distances up to over 30 m in the 300 GHz with a line-of-sight assured. Further, obstructed line-of-sight transmission was also accomplished.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126057291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we study a robust beamforming design for multi-user multiple-input multiple-output secrecy networks with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). In this system, an access point, multiple Internet of Things devices under the non-Linear energy harvesting model with a help of one cooperative jammer (CJ). We employ artificial noise (AN) generation to facilitate efficient wireless energy transfer and secure transmission. To achieve energy harvesting fairness, we aim to maximize the minimum harvested energy among users subject to secrecy rate constraint and total transmit power constraint in the presence of channel estimation errors. By incorporating a norm-bounded channel uncertainty model, we propose an algorithm based on sequential parametric convex approximation (SPCA). Finally, simulation results show that the proposed SPCA method outperforms the traditional AN-aided method and CJ-aided method.
{"title":"Robust Max-Min Fair Beamforming of Secrecy SWIPT IoT Systems Under a Non-Linear EH Model","authors":"Zhengyu Zhu, Zixuan Wang, Yu Lin, Peijia Liu, Wanming Hao, Zhongyong Wang, Inkyu Lee","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473656","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study a robust beamforming design for multi-user multiple-input multiple-output secrecy networks with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). In this system, an access point, multiple Internet of Things devices under the non-Linear energy harvesting model with a help of one cooperative jammer (CJ). We employ artificial noise (AN) generation to facilitate efficient wireless energy transfer and secure transmission. To achieve energy harvesting fairness, we aim to maximize the minimum harvested energy among users subject to secrecy rate constraint and total transmit power constraint in the presence of channel estimation errors. By incorporating a norm-bounded channel uncertainty model, we propose an algorithm based on sequential parametric convex approximation (SPCA). Finally, simulation results show that the proposed SPCA method outperforms the traditional AN-aided method and CJ-aided method.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122429255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473827
Chenyu Wu, Shuo Shi, Shushi Gu, Ning Zhang, Xuemai Gu
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been a provision for future wireless networks. However, limited backhaul capacity and power are bottlenecks for deployment and control of UAVs. To tackle these challenges, we propose a cache-enabled UAV networks to store popular files proactively to serve ground users and alleviate the backhaul burden. Taking account of the limited battery capacity, we propose an energy-efficient resource allocation and trajectory design algorithm to maximize the minimum achievable throughput among users. The formulated problem is a non-convex and mixed-integer optimization problem. To facilitate dealing with it, we decouple it into three subproblems and alternately solve them by jointly optimizing cache placement, transmit power, bandwidth allocation, and trajectory using successive convex approximation and block coordinate decent. The algorithm is proved to converge after finite steps of iterations. Numerical results reveal that our algorithm outperforms several baselines in terms of achievable throughput.
{"title":"Energy Efficient Resource Allocation and Trajectory Design for Multi-UAV-Enabled Wireless Networks","authors":"Chenyu Wu, Shuo Shi, Shushi Gu, Ning Zhang, Xuemai Gu","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473827","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been a provision for future wireless networks. However, limited backhaul capacity and power are bottlenecks for deployment and control of UAVs. To tackle these challenges, we propose a cache-enabled UAV networks to store popular files proactively to serve ground users and alleviate the backhaul burden. Taking account of the limited battery capacity, we propose an energy-efficient resource allocation and trajectory design algorithm to maximize the minimum achievable throughput among users. The formulated problem is a non-convex and mixed-integer optimization problem. To facilitate dealing with it, we decouple it into three subproblems and alternately solve them by jointly optimizing cache placement, transmit power, bandwidth allocation, and trajectory using successive convex approximation and block coordinate decent. The algorithm is proved to converge after finite steps of iterations. Numerical results reveal that our algorithm outperforms several baselines in terms of achievable throughput.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121779187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473860
T. Ishihara, S. Sugiura
In this paper, we propose eigendecomposition-precoded faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling with power allocation in a frequency-selective fading channel. More specifically, we derive mutual information associated with the proposed FTN signaling. Then, the optimal power coefficients are calculated such that the derived mutual information is maximized. Our analytical performance results show that the proposed FTN signaling scheme achieves a higher information rate than the conventional FTN signaling scheme without relying on power allocation and the classic Nyquist-based signaling scheme, under the assumption that all the schemes employ a root-raised cosine shaping filter. Moreover, our numerical simulation results of the bit error ratio performance and the power spectral density demonstrate that the proposed FTN scheme outperforms the conventional Nyquist-based signaling scheme without sacrificing any bandwidth broadening.
{"title":"Precoded Faster-than-Nyquist Signaling with Optimal Power Allocation in Frequency-Selective Channel","authors":"T. Ishihara, S. Sugiura","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473860","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose eigendecomposition-precoded faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling with power allocation in a frequency-selective fading channel. More specifically, we derive mutual information associated with the proposed FTN signaling. Then, the optimal power coefficients are calculated such that the derived mutual information is maximized. Our analytical performance results show that the proposed FTN signaling scheme achieves a higher information rate than the conventional FTN signaling scheme without relying on power allocation and the classic Nyquist-based signaling scheme, under the assumption that all the schemes employ a root-raised cosine shaping filter. Moreover, our numerical simulation results of the bit error ratio performance and the power spectral density demonstrate that the proposed FTN scheme outperforms the conventional Nyquist-based signaling scheme without sacrificing any bandwidth broadening.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121799961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473639
Muhammad Shadi Hajar, M. Chahine, Raouf Hamdan, Mohammad Sharaf Qdah
Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) aim to provide any service at any time and anywhere with seamless mobility between homogeneous and heterogeneous networks. IEEE defines the IEEE 802.21 standard to facilitate seamless handover, namely, Media Independent Handover (MIH). IEEE 802.21 provides layer two events to upper layers with a view to enhance the operability and enable them to make the right decision on time. Link Going Down (LGD) is a predictive event triggered when a link quality degradation is expected in the near future. Connectivity losses and quality decreases are usually foreseeable during the handover process. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the performance of our effective prediction model for generating the Link Going Down (LGD) event. The network performance metrics, such as packet loss, end-to-end delay, and throughput, have been evaluated using the Network Simulator NS2.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Vertical Handover using Predictable LGD Event based on IEEE 802.21","authors":"Muhammad Shadi Hajar, M. Chahine, Raouf Hamdan, Mohammad Sharaf Qdah","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473639","url":null,"abstract":"Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) aim to provide any service at any time and anywhere with seamless mobility between homogeneous and heterogeneous networks. IEEE defines the IEEE 802.21 standard to facilitate seamless handover, namely, Media Independent Handover (MIH). IEEE 802.21 provides layer two events to upper layers with a view to enhance the operability and enable them to make the right decision on time. Link Going Down (LGD) is a predictive event triggered when a link quality degradation is expected in the near future. Connectivity losses and quality decreases are usually foreseeable during the handover process. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the performance of our effective prediction model for generating the Link Going Down (LGD) event. The network performance metrics, such as packet loss, end-to-end delay, and throughput, have been evaluated using the Network Simulator NS2.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116507094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473539
Yahuza Bello, Mhd Saria Allahham, A. Refaey, A. Erbad, Amr Mohamed, N. Abdennadher
The increase in mobile traffic which is accompanied by a random workload, variations necessitate an upgrade of mobile network infrastructure to maintain acceptable network performance. Scaling the mobile core network (Evolved Packet Core (EPC)) has attracted the attention of the research community and many scaling solutions that utilized either horizontal or vertical scaling have been proposed. Most of these solutions tend to scale the EPC entities on virtual machines (which usually takes time to instantiate) using a dedicated scaling module at the expense of an increase in overhead. In this paper, we propose a predictive horizontal auto-scaling mechanism for a container-based EPC that utilizes the embedded functionalities offered by Amazon Web Services (AWS) to scale the containerized EPC entities according to their CPU utilization. We further, formulate an optimal load balancer to distribute traffic to multiple instances to achieve fairness and maximize their throughput. The proposed auto-scaling model is implemented on the AWS cloud platform and evaluated against the number of successful attach processes, RAM, and CPU utilization. The results reveal RAM utilization does not saturate as the number of User Equipment (UE) increases for all entities and the MME CPU utilization is more affected as the number of UE’s request increases.
移动通信量的增加伴随着随机工作量的变化，需要对移动网络基础设施进行升级，以保持可接受的网络性能。移动核心网演进分组核心网(EPC)的扩展已经引起了研究界的关注，并提出了许多利用水平或垂直扩展的扩展解决方案。这些解决方案中的大多数都倾向于使用专用的扩展模块在虚拟机上扩展EPC实体(这通常需要时间来实例化)，代价是增加开销。在本文中，我们为基于容器的EPC提出了一种预测性水平自动扩展机制，该机制利用Amazon Web Services (AWS)提供的嵌入式功能，根据其CPU利用率来扩展容器化EPC实体。我们进一步制定了一个最优负载平衡器，将流量分配给多个实例，以实现公平性并最大化它们的吞吐量。提出的自动扩展模型在AWS云平台上实现，并根据成功附加进程的数量、RAM和CPU利用率进行评估。结果表明，随着所有实体的用户设备(UE)数量的增加，RAM利用率不会饱和，而随着UE请求数量的增加，MME CPU利用率受到的影响更大。
{"title":"B5G: Predictive Container Auto-Scaling for Cellular Evolved Packet Core","authors":"Yahuza Bello, Mhd Saria Allahham, A. Refaey, A. Erbad, Amr Mohamed, N. Abdennadher","doi":"10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473539","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in mobile traffic which is accompanied by a random workload, variations necessitate an upgrade of mobile network infrastructure to maintain acceptable network performance. Scaling the mobile core network (Evolved Packet Core (EPC)) has attracted the attention of the research community and many scaling solutions that utilized either horizontal or vertical scaling have been proposed. Most of these solutions tend to scale the EPC entities on virtual machines (which usually takes time to instantiate) using a dedicated scaling module at the expense of an increase in overhead. In this paper, we propose a predictive horizontal auto-scaling mechanism for a container-based EPC that utilizes the embedded functionalities offered by Amazon Web Services (AWS) to scale the containerized EPC entities according to their CPU utilization. We further, formulate an optimal load balancer to distribute traffic to multiple instances to achieve fairness and maximize their throughput. The proposed auto-scaling model is implemented on the AWS cloud platform and evaluated against the number of successful attach processes, RAM, and CPU utilization. The results reveal RAM utilization does not saturate as the number of User Equipment (UE) increases for all entities and the MME CPU utilization is more affected as the number of UE’s request increases.","PeriodicalId":127186,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127806762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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