Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855729
P. Espie, G. Ault, J. Mcdonald
The optimisation of capital expenditure is an important consideration for an electricity distribution utility if it is to remain competitive in an ever demanding market. In order that capital expenditure can be optimised it is important that the utility has some means of identifying and implementing the most efficient investment options. This paper proposes the novel use of multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) methods to assist with the decision making process for utility problems involving multiple investment programmes. A case study is performed showing how one MCDM method can be used for a typical utility investment problem. In addition, the uncertainty associated with each investment strategy is included in the investment optimisation.
{"title":"Multiple criteria decision making in distribution utility investment planning","authors":"P. Espie, G. Ault, J. Mcdonald","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855729","url":null,"abstract":"The optimisation of capital expenditure is an important consideration for an electricity distribution utility if it is to remain competitive in an ever demanding market. In order that capital expenditure can be optimised it is important that the utility has some means of identifying and implementing the most efficient investment options. This paper proposes the novel use of multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) methods to assist with the decision making process for utility problems involving multiple investment programmes. A case study is performed showing how one MCDM method can be used for a typical utility investment problem. In addition, the uncertainty associated with each investment strategy is included in the investment optimisation.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124747586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855649
D. Nguyen, K. Wong
This paper introduces a new formulation for the Coumot game equilibrium analysis that allows arbitrary differentiable cost and utility curves to be implemented, without recourse to conjectures about the behaviour of market participants. The formulation reduces the Coumot equilibrium problem to solving a system of multivariate, nonlinear equations in terms of the cost, utility and price functional and its derivatives. Actual numerical solution of the equation system can then be determined using various nonlinear numerical techniques. As the functionals are only required to be differentiable, the range of cost and utility curves that the new formulation can handle is significantly larger then the often-studied linear and quadratic cost and utility functional.
{"title":"Determining equilibrium of competitive power markets","authors":"D. Nguyen, K. Wong","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855649","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new formulation for the Coumot game equilibrium analysis that allows arbitrary differentiable cost and utility curves to be implemented, without recourse to conjectures about the behaviour of market participants. The formulation reduces the Coumot equilibrium problem to solving a system of multivariate, nonlinear equations in terms of the cost, utility and price functional and its derivatives. Actual numerical solution of the equation system can then be determined using various nonlinear numerical techniques. As the functionals are only required to be differentiable, the range of cost and utility curves that the new formulation can handle is significantly larger then the often-studied linear and quadratic cost and utility functional.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128205063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855678
E. Hreinsson
The authors define a purely hydroelectric power system as a power system consisting almost entirely of hydroelectric generating stations, where thermal backup stations are used only intermittently in dry periods. The expansion process for such a system consists of selecting from a set of available projects with certain investment cost and generating capacity characteristics. One of these characteristics is a measure of the economies of scale (EOS). In this paper, the EOS for hydroelectric projects are investigated by using available cost and capacity data from the Icelandic power system. Furthermore the tradeoff between large and small projects is investigated by weighting the lost sales during the period of excess capacity against the benefit of using larger projects due to the EOS. The optimum is shown graphically and depends on the demand growth and interest rate. The authors investigate a hypothetical example where a series of generating facilities can be replicated at will to satisfy a linear general demand. These results are then expanded by assuming a stepwise demand associated with each project to satisfy bulk energy demand such as that of an energy intensive industry. The results are illustrated graphically in a case study using data from the "purely hydroelectric" Icelandic power system.
{"title":"Economies of scale and optimal selection of hydroelectric projects","authors":"E. Hreinsson","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855678","url":null,"abstract":"The authors define a purely hydroelectric power system as a power system consisting almost entirely of hydroelectric generating stations, where thermal backup stations are used only intermittently in dry periods. The expansion process for such a system consists of selecting from a set of available projects with certain investment cost and generating capacity characteristics. One of these characteristics is a measure of the economies of scale (EOS). In this paper, the EOS for hydroelectric projects are investigated by using available cost and capacity data from the Icelandic power system. Furthermore the tradeoff between large and small projects is investigated by weighting the lost sales during the period of excess capacity against the benefit of using larger projects due to the EOS. The optimum is shown graphically and depends on the demand growth and interest rate. The authors investigate a hypothetical example where a series of generating facilities can be replicated at will to satisfy a linear general demand. These results are then expanded by assuming a stepwise demand associated with each project to satisfy bulk energy demand such as that of an energy intensive industry. The results are illustrated graphically in a case study using data from the \"purely hydroelectric\" Icelandic power system.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130911647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855652
R. Proctor, B. Fox, D. Flynn
Power purchase agreements pay for the provision of spinning reserve as an auxiliary service at an agreed rate. This paper presents a new payment method for reserve based on the marginal market cost of the reserve and the amount of reserve provided. It is shown that the mechanism provides generators with an incentive to operate reliably and to maintain a satisfactory dynamic response.
{"title":"Reserve trading within power purchase agreements","authors":"R. Proctor, B. Fox, D. Flynn","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855652","url":null,"abstract":"Power purchase agreements pay for the provision of spinning reserve as an auxiliary service at an agreed rate. This paper presents a new payment method for reserve based on the marginal market cost of the reserve and the amount of reserve provided. It is shown that the mechanism provides generators with an incentive to operate reliably and to maintain a satisfactory dynamic response.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134148871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855704
X. Lei, D. Retzmann, M. Weinhold
The quality of electrical energy supply, especially voltage quality is becoming more and more important in both industrialized and developing countries. An insufficient supply quality can lead to an inadequate quality of products, interruption of important industrial processes and therefore to economic losses. The amount of equipment and industrial processes which are sensitive to insufficient voltage quality, such as harmonics and sags, is increasing. This paper describes the main power quality problems and their solution with IGBT PWM converter-based power conditioning equipment.
{"title":"Improvement of power quality with advanced power electronic equipment","authors":"X. Lei, D. Retzmann, M. Weinhold","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855704","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of electrical energy supply, especially voltage quality is becoming more and more important in both industrialized and developing countries. An insufficient supply quality can lead to an inadequate quality of products, interruption of important industrial processes and therefore to economic losses. The amount of equipment and industrial processes which are sensitive to insufficient voltage quality, such as harmonics and sags, is increasing. This paper describes the main power quality problems and their solution with IGBT PWM converter-based power conditioning equipment.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"353 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132312508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855645
A. So, N. Tse, W. Chen, L. Lai
Power quality has become a major concern, in particular, to the domestic consumers because the reliability, efficiency and liability of their devices very much rely on the quality of the electric supply. However, up to now, there is no cost-effective instrument for power quality measurement. It is partially due to the lacking of a world-wide accepted indicator, power performance index (PPI) in the authors' case, and partially due to the conventionally high cost of power quality measurement equipment. In this paper, a good performance index, PPI, is proposed for the consideration by the power industry. Individual components arriving at the PPI are defined and the method of calculation is explained in detail. Such PPI will also be useful to assess the supply quality of independent power providers, especially for deregulation purposes. All algorithms have been implemented on a cost-effective power quality meter (PQM) while both hardware and software designs are described in this paper.
{"title":"A low-cost power quality meter for utility and consumer assessments","authors":"A. So, N. Tse, W. Chen, L. Lai","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855645","url":null,"abstract":"Power quality has become a major concern, in particular, to the domestic consumers because the reliability, efficiency and liability of their devices very much rely on the quality of the electric supply. However, up to now, there is no cost-effective instrument for power quality measurement. It is partially due to the lacking of a world-wide accepted indicator, power performance index (PPI) in the authors' case, and partially due to the conventionally high cost of power quality measurement equipment. In this paper, a good performance index, PPI, is proposed for the consideration by the power industry. Individual components arriving at the PPI are defined and the method of calculation is explained in detail. Such PPI will also be useful to assess the supply quality of independent power providers, especially for deregulation purposes. All algorithms have been implemented on a cost-effective power quality meter (PQM) while both hardware and software designs are described in this paper.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132822623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855706
A.C.M. Valle, G. C. Guimarães, J. C. de Oliveira, A. J. de Morais
Nowadays, it has been observed that the load demand increase in many electrical systems has not been matched with the necessary investments to upgrade the power generation and transmission. This has caused such systems to work more stressed leading to voltage stability problems. The understanding of the events leading to the voltage collapse phenomenon has been the aim of many researchers which resulted in the development of a great number of simulation programs. Many tools have been chosen to help determine the weakest system bus with less computational effort as possible in order to enable a quick response regarding the search of preventive measures to improve the system voltage stability level. In this sense, eigenvectors and tangent vectors are very useful sources of information. These two elements combined allow the determination of the critical bus and the generators which most influence the system stability. These analyses will allow the operators to make decisions on what variables to work on in order to avoid the voltage collapse.
{"title":"The use of tangent vectors for voltage collapse analysis","authors":"A.C.M. Valle, G. C. Guimarães, J. C. de Oliveira, A. J. de Morais","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855706","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, it has been observed that the load demand increase in many electrical systems has not been matched with the necessary investments to upgrade the power generation and transmission. This has caused such systems to work more stressed leading to voltage stability problems. The understanding of the events leading to the voltage collapse phenomenon has been the aim of many researchers which resulted in the development of a great number of simulation programs. Many tools have been chosen to help determine the weakest system bus with less computational effort as possible in order to enable a quick response regarding the search of preventive measures to improve the system voltage stability level. In this sense, eigenvectors and tangent vectors are very useful sources of information. These two elements combined allow the determination of the critical bus and the generators which most influence the system stability. These analyses will allow the operators to make decisions on what variables to work on in order to avoid the voltage collapse.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"9 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114134503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855667
P. Luk, L. Lai, T. L. Tong
A genetic algorithm (GA) is formulated to optimise the rule base of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) in a solar power plant. The rule base embodies an empirical set of 49 'if-then' rules. The influence of each rule is scaled by a weighting factor which is encoded in the gene of a chromosome. The entire chromosome encodes all of the 49 weighting factors. Evaluation of the fitness of the chromosome is based on the response time of the plant. Considerably improvement of plant performance is shown after some 80 generations of evolution of the chromosome.
{"title":"GA optimisation of rule base in a fuzzy logic control of a solar power plant","authors":"P. Luk, L. Lai, T. L. Tong","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855667","url":null,"abstract":"A genetic algorithm (GA) is formulated to optimise the rule base of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) in a solar power plant. The rule base embodies an empirical set of 49 'if-then' rules. The influence of each rule is scaled by a weighting factor which is encoded in the gene of a chromosome. The entire chromosome encodes all of the 49 weighting factors. Evaluation of the fitness of the chromosome is based on the response time of the plant. Considerably improvement of plant performance is shown after some 80 generations of evolution of the chromosome.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114875130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855672
M. Kashem, V. Ganapathy, G. Jasmon, M. Buhari
Network reconfiguration for loss minimization is the determination of switching-options that minimizes the power losses for a particular set of loads on a distribution system. In this paper, a novel method is proposed by formulating an algorithm to reconfigure distribution networks for loss minimization. An efficient technique is used to determine the switching combinations, select the status of the switches, and find the best combination of switches for minimum loss. In the first stage of the proposed algorithm, a limited number of switching combinations is generated and the best switching combination is determined. In the second stage, an extensive search is employed to find out any other switching combination that may give rise to minimum loss compared to the loss obtained in the first stage. The proposed method has been tested on a 33-bus system, and the test results indicate that it is able to determine the appropriate switching-options for optimal (or near optimal) configuration with less computation. The results have been compared with those of established methods reported earlier and a comparative study is presented. With the proposed method, for any input load conditions of the system, the optimum switching configuration can automatically be identified within a reasonable computer time and hence the method can be effectively employed for continuous reconfiguration for loss reduction. The method can be effectively used to plan and design power systems before actually implementing the distribution networks for locating the tie-switches and providing the minimum number of sectionalizing switches in the branches to reduce installation and switching costs.
{"title":"A novel method for loss minimization in distribution networks","authors":"M. Kashem, V. Ganapathy, G. Jasmon, M. Buhari","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855672","url":null,"abstract":"Network reconfiguration for loss minimization is the determination of switching-options that minimizes the power losses for a particular set of loads on a distribution system. In this paper, a novel method is proposed by formulating an algorithm to reconfigure distribution networks for loss minimization. An efficient technique is used to determine the switching combinations, select the status of the switches, and find the best combination of switches for minimum loss. In the first stage of the proposed algorithm, a limited number of switching combinations is generated and the best switching combination is determined. In the second stage, an extensive search is employed to find out any other switching combination that may give rise to minimum loss compared to the loss obtained in the first stage. The proposed method has been tested on a 33-bus system, and the test results indicate that it is able to determine the appropriate switching-options for optimal (or near optimal) configuration with less computation. The results have been compared with those of established methods reported earlier and a comparative study is presented. With the proposed method, for any input load conditions of the system, the optimum switching configuration can automatically be identified within a reasonable computer time and hence the method can be effectively employed for continuous reconfiguration for loss reduction. The method can be effectively used to plan and design power systems before actually implementing the distribution networks for locating the tie-switches and providing the minimum number of sectionalizing switches in the branches to reduce installation and switching costs.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132042458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855655
J. Balachandra, M. Gravely, E. Weaver
The optimized testing strategies in emergency and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), as well as in power quality systems will significantly improve the reliability and power quality of supply to hospitals, communications centers, electronics manufacturing and process chemical industries by subjecting the various systems to rigorous testing, and providing test results to user groups and emergency planners. This enables the selection of technology appropriate to the consumer need and public safety requirements.
{"title":"Test site and methodologies for testing and comparing energy storage systems for UPS, load management and power quality applications","authors":"J. Balachandra, M. Gravely, E. Weaver","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855655","url":null,"abstract":"The optimized testing strategies in emergency and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), as well as in power quality systems will significantly improve the reliability and power quality of supply to hospitals, communications centers, electronics manufacturing and process chemical industries by subjecting the various systems to rigorous testing, and providing test results to user groups and emergency planners. This enables the selection of technology appropriate to the consumer need and public safety requirements.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128393310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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