Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855698
D. Kononov
The Russian electric utility industry is characterised by the forming trend of transition to market relations between electric power producers and consumers with application of methods for demand side management (DSM) of electric power. Large consumers of electric power include electric boiler plants (the capacity of some of them reaches 120 MW); water supply systems of towns (large electric motors for water pumping); main gas pipelines (electric drive at compressor stations); and lighting loads. Such consumers cause high peak loads. In some deficient power systems, they can exceed the available capacity of power plants. In this paper, the possibility of regulation of magnitude and regimes of energy consumption at these consumers is considered and the effect of such regulation is determined.
{"title":"Study of interrelations between electric power systems and large consumers in Russia","authors":"D. Kononov","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855698","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian electric utility industry is characterised by the forming trend of transition to market relations between electric power producers and consumers with application of methods for demand side management (DSM) of electric power. Large consumers of electric power include electric boiler plants (the capacity of some of them reaches 120 MW); water supply systems of towns (large electric motors for water pumping); main gas pipelines (electric drive at compressor stations); and lighting loads. Such consumers cause high peak loads. In some deficient power systems, they can exceed the available capacity of power plants. In this paper, the possibility of regulation of magnitude and regimes of energy consumption at these consumers is considered and the effect of such regulation is determined.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114214800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855668
K. Li, L. Lai, A. K. David
Recent restructuring of the power industries such as open access and deregulation have an impact on the reliability and security of power systems. New technologies for protection and control schemes are therefore necessary to be introduced in order to maintain the system reliability and security to an acceptable level. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques naturally become the best choice to improve the performance of the present system used. Most faults which have infeed sources from both ends of the line, especially earth faults with fault resistance, are very difficult to identify. This paper presents a novel approach that can overcome the above difficulties. The artificial neural network (ANN) is used to identify the fault location, as well as the fault resistance in a wide range of system conditions. The training of the ANN is relatively simple and fast. The predicated results from the ANN are proved to be accurate for a wide range of system conditions.
{"title":"Application of artificial neural network in fault location technique","authors":"K. Li, L. Lai, A. K. David","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855668","url":null,"abstract":"Recent restructuring of the power industries such as open access and deregulation have an impact on the reliability and security of power systems. New technologies for protection and control schemes are therefore necessary to be introduced in order to maintain the system reliability and security to an acceptable level. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques naturally become the best choice to improve the performance of the present system used. Most faults which have infeed sources from both ends of the line, especially earth faults with fault resistance, are very difficult to identify. This paper presents a novel approach that can overcome the above difficulties. The artificial neural network (ANN) is used to identify the fault location, as well as the fault resistance in a wide range of system conditions. The training of the ANN is relatively simple and fast. The predicated results from the ANN are proved to be accurate for a wide range of system conditions.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116053389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855642
K.D. Rodrigues, J. de Oliveira
This paper aims to present investigation results related to PWM-VSI frequency converters performance under nonideal voltage supply conditions. Besides computational analysis using a proper model in the Saber simulator, practical studies are also given. The later uses a commercial type of converter and a programmable power quality disturbances source. Using both the theoretical and practical way of considering different items of nonideal supply, different situations are simulated to estimate the equipment behavior. The paper focuses the characteristic and noncharacteristic harmonic spectrum generation for both the input current and the output voltage.
{"title":"Computational and experimental investigation of VSI-PWM frequency converter performance in the context of power quality","authors":"K.D. Rodrigues, J. de Oliveira","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855642","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to present investigation results related to PWM-VSI frequency converters performance under nonideal voltage supply conditions. Besides computational analysis using a proper model in the Saber simulator, practical studies are also given. The later uses a commercial type of converter and a programmable power quality disturbances source. Using both the theoretical and practical way of considering different items of nonideal supply, different situations are simulated to estimate the equipment behavior. The paper focuses the characteristic and noncharacteristic harmonic spectrum generation for both the input current and the output voltage.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"54 31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131377168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855708
D. Ruiz-Vega, D. Ernst, C. Ferreira, M. Pavella, P. Hirsch, D. Sobajic
A two-block technique is proposed for on-line contingency screening, ranking and assessment in transient stability studies. Its design relies on a hybrid direct-time-domain method called SIME. Basically, SIME assesses stability by transforming the multi-machine power system parameters into those of a one-machine infinite bus system, then by calling upon the equal-area criterion. Stability margins thus obtained are used to classify contingencies, select the "interesting" ones and, finally, rank and assess these latter. An 88-machine EPRI test system illustrates the technique and shows its ability to correctly handle the simulated contingencies, while complying with real-time computational requirements.
{"title":"A contingency filtering, ranking and assessment technique for on-line transient stability studies","authors":"D. Ruiz-Vega, D. Ernst, C. Ferreira, M. Pavella, P. Hirsch, D. Sobajic","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855708","url":null,"abstract":"A two-block technique is proposed for on-line contingency screening, ranking and assessment in transient stability studies. Its design relies on a hybrid direct-time-domain method called SIME. Basically, SIME assesses stability by transforming the multi-machine power system parameters into those of a one-machine infinite bus system, then by calling upon the equal-area criterion. Stability margins thus obtained are used to classify contingencies, select the \"interesting\" ones and, finally, rank and assess these latter. An 88-machine EPRI test system illustrates the technique and shows its ability to correctly handle the simulated contingencies, while complying with real-time computational requirements.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132928990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855740
J. Zhong, E. Bhattacharya
This paper models and addresses the various issues associated with reactive power procurement by an independent system operator functioning in a deregulated electricity market dominated by bilateral contracts. The reactive capability of a generator is modeled within an optimal power flow (OPF) framework. The optimum procurement of reactive power is obtained considering minimization of network losses and deviation from contracted transactions. The CIGRE 32 node network which approximately represents the Swedish system is used for the studies.
{"title":"Optimum VAr support procurement for maintenance of contracted transactions","authors":"J. Zhong, E. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855740","url":null,"abstract":"This paper models and addresses the various issues associated with reactive power procurement by an independent system operator functioning in a deregulated electricity market dominated by bilateral contracts. The reactive capability of a generator is modeled within an optimal power flow (OPF) framework. The optimum procurement of reactive power is obtained considering minimization of network losses and deviation from contracted transactions. The CIGRE 32 node network which approximately represents the Swedish system is used for the studies.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"22 6S 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133133362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855737
M. McArdle, D. Morrow, P. Calvert, O. Cadel
Deregulation of the electric utilities has created unprecedented opportunities for growth in the market for diesel generator sets (of sizes up to 5 MVA). Until recently such plants were used, almost exclusively, for emergency stand-by purposes; but this is no longer the case. In order to extract the maximum benefit from this situation improvements must be made in the control and protection features incorporated in these gensets. The automatic voltage regulator (AVR) has a key role in these future developments. This paper describes the development of a digital AVR which can replace the existing analogue AVRs traditionally used. Further, it describes the application of a fuzzy tuning scheme as an approach to resolving conflicting control requirements. Results of step demand, load acceptance and rejection tests are provided for the comparison of the performance of the digital AVR with that of the traditional analogue devices.
{"title":"Implementation of a digital AVR for small alternators","authors":"M. McArdle, D. Morrow, P. Calvert, O. Cadel","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855737","url":null,"abstract":"Deregulation of the electric utilities has created unprecedented opportunities for growth in the market for diesel generator sets (of sizes up to 5 MVA). Until recently such plants were used, almost exclusively, for emergency stand-by purposes; but this is no longer the case. In order to extract the maximum benefit from this situation improvements must be made in the control and protection features incorporated in these gensets. The automatic voltage regulator (AVR) has a key role in these future developments. This paper describes the development of a digital AVR which can replace the existing analogue AVRs traditionally used. Further, it describes the application of a fuzzy tuning scheme as an approach to resolving conflicting control requirements. Results of step demand, load acceptance and rejection tests are provided for the comparison of the performance of the digital AVR with that of the traditional analogue devices.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134098867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855720
E. Handschin, L. Muller, T. Nikodem, R. Palma
During the past years, liberalisation of electricity sectors in many countries has taken place, changing significantly the general framework. A subject of increasing interest is the access of market actors to the transmission network and the remuneration of realised wheeling transactions. Various pricing methodologies have been discussed extensively and are now adopted inhomogeneously by different countries. This presentation gives a survey of the existing models and their advantages and disadvantages. It examines the impact of wheeling transactions on the state of the transmission system. Furthermore, it agrees to the treatment of losses and deviations from the scheduled energy. For this purpose, an object-oriented software-package presented in earlier papers for operation, simulation and analysis of electrical energy systems is used.
{"title":"Comparison of pricing methodologies for wheeling transactions in liberalised energy supply systems","authors":"E. Handschin, L. Muller, T. Nikodem, R. Palma","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855720","url":null,"abstract":"During the past years, liberalisation of electricity sectors in many countries has taken place, changing significantly the general framework. A subject of increasing interest is the access of market actors to the transmission network and the remuneration of realised wheeling transactions. Various pricing methodologies have been discussed extensively and are now adopted inhomogeneously by different countries. This presentation gives a survey of the existing models and their advantages and disadvantages. It examines the impact of wheeling transactions on the state of the transmission system. Furthermore, it agrees to the treatment of losses and deviations from the scheduled energy. For this purpose, an object-oriented software-package presented in earlier papers for operation, simulation and analysis of electrical energy systems is used.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115267002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855711
P. Wei, Bin Yuan, Y. Ni, F. Wu
In this paper, graph theory is used to analyze real power transfer between individual generators and loads, which is important to transmission open access. Related lemmas are proved first to present necessary conditions required by the method. Based on an AC load flow solution a novel method is suggested which can determine downstream and upstream power flow tracing paths and calculate the contribution factors of generations and loads to the line flows efficiently in the system without circulating power. When the existence of circulating power in the system is detected, by revealing the reasons which cause circulating power, the optimal power flow (OPF) approach is suggested to eliminate it and a new feasible AC load flow solution will be obtained for tracing. The computer tests yield satisfactory results. The suggested method is suitable for both active and reactive power flow tracings of real power systems.
{"title":"Power flow tracing for transmission open access","authors":"P. Wei, Bin Yuan, Y. Ni, F. Wu","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855711","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, graph theory is used to analyze real power transfer between individual generators and loads, which is important to transmission open access. Related lemmas are proved first to present necessary conditions required by the method. Based on an AC load flow solution a novel method is suggested which can determine downstream and upstream power flow tracing paths and calculate the contribution factors of generations and loads to the line flows efficiently in the system without circulating power. When the existence of circulating power in the system is detected, by revealing the reasons which cause circulating power, the optimal power flow (OPF) approach is suggested to eliminate it and a new feasible AC load flow solution will be obtained for tracing. The computer tests yield satisfactory results. The suggested method is suitable for both active and reactive power flow tracings of real power systems.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124697382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855685
P. Pals, R.M. Dunnett, C. Aldridge, A. Prangley
This paper presents a new method of calculating transmission loss factors. The method is distinctive by virtue of the fact that it takes account of the effect of transmission constraints. Since it does not rely on arbitrary slack node assumptions, but is based on a criterion of economic optimality, it produces cost-reflective market signals. The method is demonstrated to produce fundamentally different results from the conventional method. An example network is used to illustrate the method and a comparison is made between analytical and numerical results. This paper also presents an accurate way of calculating loss-adjusted nodal marginal prices, which does not rely on implicit slack node assumptions. It is shown that these prices can be approximated by initially ignoring the effect of losses and subsequently adjusting the resulting prices by the proposed constraint-adjusted transmission loss factors.
{"title":"Calculation of transmission loss factors in the presence of constraints","authors":"P. Pals, R.M. Dunnett, C. Aldridge, A. Prangley","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855685","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new method of calculating transmission loss factors. The method is distinctive by virtue of the fact that it takes account of the effect of transmission constraints. Since it does not rely on arbitrary slack node assumptions, but is based on a criterion of economic optimality, it produces cost-reflective market signals. The method is demonstrated to produce fundamentally different results from the conventional method. An example network is used to illustrate the method and a comparison is made between analytical and numerical results. This paper also presents an accurate way of calculating loss-adjusted nodal marginal prices, which does not rely on implicit slack node assumptions. It is shown that these prices can be approximated by initially ignoring the effect of losses and subsequently adjusting the resulting prices by the proposed constraint-adjusted transmission loss factors.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122043662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-04-04DOI: 10.1109/DRPT.2000.855641
Chung-Shih Hsu, Mo-shing Chen
In the deregulated power industry, questions such as: Who is responsible for the reactive power compensation?; Are the reactive power service providers, especially generation owners, entitled to get paid to recover their costs?; Do consumers need to pay for reactive power loads?; What roles should generators play in reactive power compensation?; etc., are often raised. This paper intends to provide answers by means of examples. This proposal suggests that the reactive power compensations are made by distribution and transmission companies and the generator reactive power capacities are reserved for contingencies. The reactive power compensation at distribution level is to keep load site power factor near unity. The transmission companies need to provide the required reactive power to ensure the proper power delivery in transmission network under normal conditions. Generators operate nearly at unity power factor under normal conditions. For contingencies, generators are responsible for the additional reactive power requirements.
{"title":"Reactive power planning and operating in the deregulated power utilities","authors":"Chung-Shih Hsu, Mo-shing Chen","doi":"10.1109/DRPT.2000.855641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2000.855641","url":null,"abstract":"In the deregulated power industry, questions such as: Who is responsible for the reactive power compensation?; Are the reactive power service providers, especially generation owners, entitled to get paid to recover their costs?; Do consumers need to pay for reactive power loads?; What roles should generators play in reactive power compensation?; etc., are often raised. This paper intends to provide answers by means of examples. This proposal suggests that the reactive power compensations are made by distribution and transmission companies and the generator reactive power capacities are reserved for contingencies. The reactive power compensation at distribution level is to keep load site power factor near unity. The transmission companies need to provide the required reactive power to ensure the proper power delivery in transmission network under normal conditions. Generators operate nearly at unity power factor under normal conditions. For contingencies, generators are responsible for the additional reactive power requirements.","PeriodicalId":127287,"journal":{"name":"DRPT2000. International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125147119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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