Pub Date : 2016-04-02DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2016.1162753
Trishala K. Parmar, Dr. Deepak Rawtani, Y. K. Agrawal
ABSTRACT Bioindicators are living organisms such as plants, planktons, animals, and microbes, which are utilized to screen the health of the natural ecosystem in the environment. They are used for assessing environmental health and biogeographic changes taking place in the environment. Each organic entity inside a biological system provides an indication regarding the health of its surroundings such as plankton responding rapidly to changes taking place in the surrounding environment and serving as an important biomarker for assessing the quality of water as well as an indicator of water pollution. Even the health of aquatic flora is best reflected by plankton, which acts as an early warning signal. In this review we have tried to explain the concept behind Bioindicators and plankton, with particular emphasis on their potential to be used as Bioindicators for water quality assessment and outcomes relating to this.
{"title":"Bioindicators: the natural indicator of environmental pollution","authors":"Trishala K. Parmar, Dr. Deepak Rawtani, Y. K. Agrawal","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2016.1162753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2016.1162753","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bioindicators are living organisms such as plants, planktons, animals, and microbes, which are utilized to screen the health of the natural ecosystem in the environment. They are used for assessing environmental health and biogeographic changes taking place in the environment. Each organic entity inside a biological system provides an indication regarding the health of its surroundings such as plankton responding rapidly to changes taking place in the surrounding environment and serving as an important biomarker for assessing the quality of water as well as an indicator of water pollution. Even the health of aquatic flora is best reflected by plankton, which acts as an early warning signal. In this review we have tried to explain the concept behind Bioindicators and plankton, with particular emphasis on their potential to be used as Bioindicators for water quality assessment and outcomes relating to this.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2016.1162753","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60090609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-02DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1104388
A. Reyes-Munguía, María Luisa Carrillo-Inungaray, Candy Carranza-Álvarez, D. Pimentel-González, B. Alvarado-Sánchez
ABSTRACT Nowadays, medicinal plants, and fruits and vegetables with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity are increasingly studied. In this review, the impact of the medicinal plant extracts on the immune system was discussed. The first part described the phenomenon of oxidative stress, followed by the mechanisms involved in the antioxidant activity and finally discussed on the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of plants and fruits. The second part revised the works that discuss about the antimicrobial activity of plants and fruits extracts, emphasizing in the factors that influence the evaluation of such characteristic. Finally, in the third part, studies on the effect of the plant extracts over the immune response were discussed, describing the results of the enhancer effects, as well as those of the suppressing ones. This work allowed us to discern the necessity of a wider research on the chemical composition of the natural extracts, in order to establish a correlation with the effects observed in health.
{"title":"Antioxidant activity, antimicrobial and effects in the immune system of plants and fruits extracts","authors":"A. Reyes-Munguía, María Luisa Carrillo-Inungaray, Candy Carranza-Álvarez, D. Pimentel-González, B. Alvarado-Sánchez","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1104388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1104388","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nowadays, medicinal plants, and fruits and vegetables with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity are increasingly studied. In this review, the impact of the medicinal plant extracts on the immune system was discussed. The first part described the phenomenon of oxidative stress, followed by the mechanisms involved in the antioxidant activity and finally discussed on the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of plants and fruits. The second part revised the works that discuss about the antimicrobial activity of plants and fruits extracts, emphasizing in the factors that influence the evaluation of such characteristic. Finally, in the third part, studies on the effect of the plant extracts over the immune response were discussed, describing the results of the enhancer effects, as well as those of the suppressing ones. This work allowed us to discern the necessity of a wider research on the chemical composition of the natural extracts, in order to establish a correlation with the effects observed in health.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1104388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60090363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-10DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1115430
S. Mutlu, Ö. Atici, B. Nalbantoğlu, E. Mete
ABSTRACT In this work, the time-dependent effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) applied before cold stress was investigated on the regulation of antioxidative respond mechanisms in two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars (Akhisar and Tokak) differed in cold tolerance. SA (0.1 mM) was applied to 7-days old barley seedlings growing under control conditions (20/18°C). After this application, the seedlings were transferred to cold conditions (7/5°C) at different times (7, 14, 21 and 28 days) for 3 days. Then, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) were determined in the leaves (control, cold and SA + cold) from the seedlings harvested at 10, 17, 24 and 31 days. Moreover, the effect of cold stress was evaluated on the endogenous SA level at the both cultivars by comparing to control plants. The MDA content increased in the cold treatment while it decreased in the SA treatment at all the days studied at the both cultivars. The SA + cold treatment could have a variable effect on H2O2 content at the tolerant barley (Tokak) while decreased its content at the sensitive cultivar (Akhisar). The SA + cold treatment could increase the activities of POX and SOD at both cultivars, but it increased the CAT activity at the tolerant cultivar while decreased at the sensitive cultivar. In addition, the content of endogenous SA was decreased by cold stress at all the days studied at the barley cultivars as compared to control plants. The results show that the SA treatment could be effective on the regulation of the parameters studied at cold conditions until 31 days after SA application, and the importance of exogenous SA treatment before cold stress. It was concluded that exogenous and endogenous SA could play an ameliorating role on cold tolerance by regulating reactive oxygen species and the activities of antioxidative enzymes in both cold-sensitive and cold-tolerant cultivars of barley.
{"title":"Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates cold damage by regulating antioxidative system in two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars","authors":"S. Mutlu, Ö. Atici, B. Nalbantoğlu, E. Mete","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1115430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1115430","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this work, the time-dependent effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) applied before cold stress was investigated on the regulation of antioxidative respond mechanisms in two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars (Akhisar and Tokak) differed in cold tolerance. SA (0.1 mM) was applied to 7-days old barley seedlings growing under control conditions (20/18°C). After this application, the seedlings were transferred to cold conditions (7/5°C) at different times (7, 14, 21 and 28 days) for 3 days. Then, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) were determined in the leaves (control, cold and SA + cold) from the seedlings harvested at 10, 17, 24 and 31 days. Moreover, the effect of cold stress was evaluated on the endogenous SA level at the both cultivars by comparing to control plants. The MDA content increased in the cold treatment while it decreased in the SA treatment at all the days studied at the both cultivars. The SA + cold treatment could have a variable effect on H2O2 content at the tolerant barley (Tokak) while decreased its content at the sensitive cultivar (Akhisar). The SA + cold treatment could increase the activities of POX and SOD at both cultivars, but it increased the CAT activity at the tolerant cultivar while decreased at the sensitive cultivar. In addition, the content of endogenous SA was decreased by cold stress at all the days studied at the barley cultivars as compared to control plants. The results show that the SA treatment could be effective on the regulation of the parameters studied at cold conditions until 31 days after SA application, and the importance of exogenous SA treatment before cold stress. It was concluded that exogenous and endogenous SA could play an ameliorating role on cold tolerance by regulating reactive oxygen species and the activities of antioxidative enzymes in both cold-sensitive and cold-tolerant cultivars of barley.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1115430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60090565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1089949
A. ŞAHİN YAĞLIOĞLU, Ferda Eser, Ş. Tekin, A. Onal
Turkey has a wide range of flora and fauna due to its climatic diversity. Medicinal plants from Turkey have been used since ancient times for their primary health care. In this study, we examined antiproliferative activities of the extracts from Crataegus monogyna, Vitis vinifera, Glycrrhiza glabra, Alnus glutinosa L. gaertn, and Alcea rosea against rat brain tumor (C6) and human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines. The results were compared with the standard anticancer drugs 5-Flurouracil (5-FU) and Cisplatin. C. monogyna, V. vinifera and A. rosea exhibited better antiproliferative activity than 5-FU and cisplatin at 100-75 µg/mL concentrations, against C6 cell lines. On the other hand, C. monogyna and V. vinifera extracts showed considerable antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells compared with 5-FU and cisplatin at 100-75 µg/mL. It can be suggested that, C. monogyna, A. glutinosa L. gaertn, V. vinifera and A. rosea extracts could be developed as an anticancer drug. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Antiproliferative activities of several plant extracts from Turkey on rat brain tumor and human cervix carcinoma cell lines","authors":"A. ŞAHİN YAĞLIOĞLU, Ferda Eser, Ş. Tekin, A. Onal","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1089949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1089949","url":null,"abstract":"Turkey has a wide range of flora and fauna due to its climatic diversity. Medicinal plants from Turkey have been used since ancient times for their primary health care. In this study, we examined antiproliferative activities of the extracts from Crataegus monogyna, Vitis vinifera, Glycrrhiza glabra, Alnus glutinosa L. gaertn, and Alcea rosea against rat brain tumor (C6) and human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines. The results were compared with the standard anticancer drugs 5-Flurouracil (5-FU) and Cisplatin. C. monogyna, V. vinifera and A. rosea exhibited better antiproliferative activity than 5-FU and cisplatin at 100-75 µg/mL concentrations, against C6 cell lines. On the other hand, C. monogyna and V. vinifera extracts showed considerable antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells compared with 5-FU and cisplatin at 100-75 µg/mL. It can be suggested that, C. monogyna, A. glutinosa L. gaertn, V. vinifera and A. rosea extracts could be developed as an anticancer drug. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1089949","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60090043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1084951
Elizabeth O. Adedokun, I. Rather, V. Bajpai, Yong-Ha Park
ABSTRACT Food-spoilage moulds are known for their destructive rot and for the production of carcinogenic metabolites such as mycotoxins. These metabolities play a major role in the deterioration of the quality and hygiene of foodstuffs, resulting in economic loss and posing a critical threat to livestock and human. The current study evaluates the antifungal activity of an isolate, Lactobacillus fermentum YML014 isolated from Nigerian fermented food (Cassava). YML014 showed strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium expansum and reduced the fungal mycelia by ∼50% while co-cultivating in liquid medium. The strain exhibited heat stability and showed antifungal activity over a wide pH range of 4.0–8.0. The strain was sensitive to all of the clinically important antibiotics used. The biopreservative potential of YML014 was evaluated using tomato puree. Mycelial growth of P. expansum was observed in the negative control after 3 and 25 days of incubation at 25°C and 4°C, respectively. The shelf life of tomato puree treated with YML014 was extended for 12 days at 25°C and 9 days at 4°C. The strong antifungal potential of YML014 against food-spoilage moulds suggests its ability as a potent food preservative agent.
{"title":"Biocontrol efficacy of Lactobacillus fermentum YML014 against food spoilage moulds using the tomato puree model","authors":"Elizabeth O. Adedokun, I. Rather, V. Bajpai, Yong-Ha Park","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1084951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1084951","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Food-spoilage moulds are known for their destructive rot and for the production of carcinogenic metabolites such as mycotoxins. These metabolities play a major role in the deterioration of the quality and hygiene of foodstuffs, resulting in economic loss and posing a critical threat to livestock and human. The current study evaluates the antifungal activity of an isolate, Lactobacillus fermentum YML014 isolated from Nigerian fermented food (Cassava). YML014 showed strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium expansum and reduced the fungal mycelia by ∼50% while co-cultivating in liquid medium. The strain exhibited heat stability and showed antifungal activity over a wide pH range of 4.0–8.0. The strain was sensitive to all of the clinically important antibiotics used. The biopreservative potential of YML014 was evaluated using tomato puree. Mycelial growth of P. expansum was observed in the negative control after 3 and 25 days of incubation at 25°C and 4°C, respectively. The shelf life of tomato puree treated with YML014 was extended for 12 days at 25°C and 9 days at 4°C. The strong antifungal potential of YML014 against food-spoilage moulds suggests its ability as a potent food preservative agent.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1084951","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60090412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1051244
Zaima Azira Zainal Abidin, Nur Sakinah Abdul Malek, Z. Zainuddin, A. Chowdhury
This study aimed to isolate and evaluate the antagonistic potential of actinomycetes from mangrove forest of Pahang, Malaysia. Sediment samples from seven different sites were pretreated using wet heat and dry heat methods followed by dilution plating on eight isolation media. In total, 4850 isolates were successfully recovered, with inorganic salt–starch agar displaying the highest percentage of recovery (31.7%), followed by actinomycete isolation agar (24.1%). The wet heat pretreatment was found to be more effective in the enumeration of actinomycetes, since 81.4% of total isolates were yielded using this technique, whereas dry heat treatment was better in the enumeration of spore-forming actinomycetes. After both pretreatments, Streptomyces-like and Micromonospora-like isolates were the most predominant. The antagonistic activities of the representative isolates were evaluated using the cross-streak method. In total, 78 isolates were active against at least one of the test organisms. Among them, 28.2% exhibited antibacterial activity, 23.1% exhibited antifungal activity and 48.7% displayed both. Nine isolates demonstrated broad antagonism by inhibiting the growth of all test organisms. The presence of a relatively large number of bioactive isolates suggests that Pahang mangrove forest is a potential source of actinomycetes with biosynthetic capabilities.
{"title":"Selective isolation and antagonistic activity of actinomycetes from mangrove forest of Pahang, Malaysia","authors":"Zaima Azira Zainal Abidin, Nur Sakinah Abdul Malek, Z. Zainuddin, A. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1051244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1051244","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to isolate and evaluate the antagonistic potential of actinomycetes from mangrove forest of Pahang, Malaysia. Sediment samples from seven different sites were pretreated using wet heat and dry heat methods followed by dilution plating on eight isolation media. In total, 4850 isolates were successfully recovered, with inorganic salt–starch agar displaying the highest percentage of recovery (31.7%), followed by actinomycete isolation agar (24.1%). The wet heat pretreatment was found to be more effective in the enumeration of actinomycetes, since 81.4% of total isolates were yielded using this technique, whereas dry heat treatment was better in the enumeration of spore-forming actinomycetes. After both pretreatments, Streptomyces-like and Micromonospora-like isolates were the most predominant. The antagonistic activities of the representative isolates were evaluated using the cross-streak method. In total, 78 isolates were active against at least one of the test organisms. Among them, 28.2% exhibited antibacterial activity, 23.1% exhibited antifungal activity and 48.7% displayed both. Nine isolates demonstrated broad antagonism by inhibiting the growth of all test organisms. The presence of a relatively large number of bioactive isolates suggests that Pahang mangrove forest is a potential source of actinomycetes with biosynthetic capabilities.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1051244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1077478
P. Singhal, A. Jan, M. Azam, Q. Haq.
ABSTRACT Plants being sessile are shaped by evolution to adapt themselves and tolerate various stresses, be it salinity stress, drought, high/low temperature in nature. They have evolved with every alternate strategy to tackle serious abiotic stresses through considerable degree of developmental plasticity, including adaptation via cascades of molecular networks. Understanding the mechanism of genes responsible for plant adaptation to environment will help in predicting the scenarios, expanding the genetic aspect of abiotic stress-regulating genes to protect and extrapolate the level of tolerance or vulnerability conferred in natural ecosystems. Complementing the agronomic need for greater tolerance to abiotic stress, studying plant abiotic stress response can help in gaining insight into plant biology that can be practically applied to unlock the secrets in order to improve plant productivity to feed the ever increasing population of human beings.
{"title":"Plant abiotic stress: a prospective strategy of exploiting promoters as alternative to overcome the escalating burden","authors":"P. Singhal, A. Jan, M. Azam, Q. Haq.","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1077478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1077478","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Plants being sessile are shaped by evolution to adapt themselves and tolerate various stresses, be it salinity stress, drought, high/low temperature in nature. They have evolved with every alternate strategy to tackle serious abiotic stresses through considerable degree of developmental plasticity, including adaptation via cascades of molecular networks. Understanding the mechanism of genes responsible for plant adaptation to environment will help in predicting the scenarios, expanding the genetic aspect of abiotic stress-regulating genes to protect and extrapolate the level of tolerance or vulnerability conferred in natural ecosystems. Complementing the agronomic need for greater tolerance to abiotic stress, studying plant abiotic stress response can help in gaining insight into plant biology that can be practically applied to unlock the secrets in order to improve plant productivity to feed the ever increasing population of human beings.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1077478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60090141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1091386
S. Das, Dibyajyoti Samantaray, J. Patra, L. Samanta, H. Thatoi
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycaemia and becoming a serious threat to mankind health in all parts of the world. Production of reactive oxygen species and disturbed capacity of antioxidant defence have been reported for enhanced production of free radicals in diabetic subjects. As oxidative stress is found to be a central event in the development of diabetic complications, hence antioxidants may play an important role in the improvement of diabetes and its associated complications. Currently there has been an increased interest globally to identify antioxidant compounds that are pharmacologically potent and have low or no side effects. Phytochemicals and metabolites from mangrove plants are reported to exhibit strong antioxidant properties in terms of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities. Recent researches have also revealed that a number of mangrove plants have shown antidiabetic activities attributed to their unique metabolites such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, limonoids and polysaccharides. Thus, mangrove plants can be of great use in tackling diabetic and its associated oxidative stress mediated complications. The present review highlights a relation between oxidative stress and diabetes and the role of mangrove plants in alleviating diabetes, in general, and oxidative stress mediated diabetic complications, in particular.
{"title":"Antidiabetic potential of mangrove plants: a review","authors":"S. Das, Dibyajyoti Samantaray, J. Patra, L. Samanta, H. Thatoi","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1091386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1091386","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycaemia and becoming a serious threat to mankind health in all parts of the world. Production of reactive oxygen species and disturbed capacity of antioxidant defence have been reported for enhanced production of free radicals in diabetic subjects. As oxidative stress is found to be a central event in the development of diabetic complications, hence antioxidants may play an important role in the improvement of diabetes and its associated complications. Currently there has been an increased interest globally to identify antioxidant compounds that are pharmacologically potent and have low or no side effects. Phytochemicals and metabolites from mangrove plants are reported to exhibit strong antioxidant properties in terms of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities. Recent researches have also revealed that a number of mangrove plants have shown antidiabetic activities attributed to their unique metabolites such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, limonoids and polysaccharides. Thus, mangrove plants can be of great use in tackling diabetic and its associated oxidative stress mediated complications. The present review highlights a relation between oxidative stress and diabetes and the role of mangrove plants in alleviating diabetes, in general, and oxidative stress mediated diabetic complications, in particular.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1091386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60090207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1075433
B. Yadav, Swati Singh, Prashant Kumar, Devika Mathur, R. Meena, R. K. Agrawal, A. Mani
ABSTRACT Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) and low-complexity regions (LCRs) in transcription factors (TFs) are known to be key players in various cellular functions. Conformational flexibility of these regions allows them to recognize and interact with a large number of molecules. Previous studies show that certain TFs which are related to environmental response are significantly enriched in IDRs and LCRs. It has been proposed that all organisms in response to environmental conditions use these IDRs and LCRs for introducing versatility in the interactions in biological processes to quickly adapt and respond to challenging environmental conditions. A comparative study has been conducted on these regions to measure the average abundance of LCRs and IDRs in different types of TFs. In this project we have identified the IDRs and LCRs in prokaryotic, eukaryotic and archaeal TFs by using bioinformatics and compared them for average density of IDRs and LCRs.
{"title":"Bioinformatics-based study on prokaryotic, archaeal and eukaryotic nucleic acid-binding proteins for identification of low-complexity and intrinsically disordered regions","authors":"B. Yadav, Swati Singh, Prashant Kumar, Devika Mathur, R. Meena, R. K. Agrawal, A. Mani","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1075433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1075433","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) and low-complexity regions (LCRs) in transcription factors (TFs) are known to be key players in various cellular functions. Conformational flexibility of these regions allows them to recognize and interact with a large number of molecules. Previous studies show that certain TFs which are related to environmental response are significantly enriched in IDRs and LCRs. It has been proposed that all organisms in response to environmental conditions use these IDRs and LCRs for introducing versatility in the interactions in biological processes to quickly adapt and respond to challenging environmental conditions. A comparative study has been conducted on these regions to measure the average abundance of LCRs and IDRs in different types of TFs. In this project we have identified the IDRs and LCRs in prokaryotic, eukaryotic and archaeal TFs by using bioinformatics and compared them for average density of IDRs and LCRs.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1075433","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60090429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1077477
M. Ghiasi, N. Kalhor, Reza Tabatabaei Qomi, Mohsen Sheykhhasan
ABSTRACT This study presents a comparative assessment of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSCs) proliferation rates and their viability on five different scaffolds. Five different biomaterial scaffolds were prepared: alginate, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid, fibrin glue, inactive platelet-rich plasma, and active platelet-rich plasma (APRP). Stem cells were isolated from human adipose tissue. Flow cytometry analysis was performed. Specifically, adipogenesis/osteogenesis/chondrogenesis-associated genes expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. These cells were seeded in the prepared scaffolds. After 14 days, the proliferation and viability of MSCs were evaluated using an MTT assay. Also, stemness genes expression was analyzed with the reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. In addition, the DNA content assay was also performed. The obtained results showed a significant difference between cell proliferation and viability of different scaffolds. APRP and alginate were shown to be the most and least suitable scaffolds in terms of enhancing cell proliferation and maintaining cell viability respectively (p < .05). RT-PCR reactions demonstrated the expression of the various stemness-related markers (Nanog, Octamer4A, and Sox2) when ADSC cells were grown separately on the five different scaffolds. Our study indicates that compared with the scaffolds, APRP could be the best scaffold for support of ADSC proliferation.
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