Pub Date : 2015-05-13DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1041188
Zuming Li, Lin Chen, Z. Bai, Deliang Wang, Li-ping Gao, Bodi Hui
Culture-dependent methods and molecular techniques were used to simultaneously investigate the cultivable bacterial diversity and amylase production in two typical light-flavor Daqus of Chinese spirits. Eight bacteria were identified from Niulanshan Daqu (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sonorensis, Streptomyces albus, Bacillus atrophaeus, Bacillus tequilensis and Bacillus megaterium) and eight from Hongxing Daqu (B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, B. cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus pumilus, Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens). All of the bacterial isolates from the Hongxing Daqu could produce extracellular α-amylase with a maximum yield of 25.3 U/ml by B. cereus H17, whereas B. licheniformis H55 could produce a maximum glucoamylase yield of 41.6 U/ml. Some of the bacterial isolates from the Niulanshan Daqu could also produce extracellular α-amylase and glucoamylase. The maximum yield of 27.6 U/ml α-amylase was achieved by B. subtilis N3, and the maximum yield of 58.1 U/ml glucoamylase was achieved by B. cereus N25. Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis and B. cereus were not only the dominant bacteria, but also possessed high α-amylase and glucoamylase activities, which may play very important roles during fermentation.
{"title":"Cultivable bacterial diversity and amylase production in two typical light-flavor Daqus of Chinese spirits","authors":"Zuming Li, Lin Chen, Z. Bai, Deliang Wang, Li-ping Gao, Bodi Hui","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1041188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1041188","url":null,"abstract":"Culture-dependent methods and molecular techniques were used to simultaneously investigate the cultivable bacterial diversity and amylase production in two typical light-flavor Daqus of Chinese spirits. Eight bacteria were identified from Niulanshan Daqu (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sonorensis, Streptomyces albus, Bacillus atrophaeus, Bacillus tequilensis and Bacillus megaterium) and eight from Hongxing Daqu (B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, B. cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus pumilus, Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens). All of the bacterial isolates from the Hongxing Daqu could produce extracellular α-amylase with a maximum yield of 25.3 U/ml by B. cereus H17, whereas B. licheniformis H55 could produce a maximum glucoamylase yield of 41.6 U/ml. Some of the bacterial isolates from the Niulanshan Daqu could also produce extracellular α-amylase and glucoamylase. The maximum yield of 27.6 U/ml α-amylase was achieved by B. subtilis N3, and the maximum yield of 58.1 U/ml glucoamylase was achieved by B. cereus N25. Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis and B. cereus were not only the dominant bacteria, but also possessed high α-amylase and glucoamylase activities, which may play very important roles during fermentation.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1041188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-12DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1041187
Aysha Masood Khan, Chaudhary Sajjad Ahmad, U. Farooq, K. Mahmood, M. Sarfraz, Khaled S. Balkhair, M. Ashraf
This study reports the removal of nickel(II) and copper(II) ions (Ni2+ and Cu2+) from aqueous solution using pure and chemically pretreated biomass from Arachis hypogea (peanut shells), Prunus amygdalus (almond shells), Arundo donax (giant cane) and two clay materials, clay G and clay B. These materials are indigenous, easily available, surpulus by-products for biosorption studies. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the effect of various adsorbent factors such as initial pH, temperature, particle size and contact time on the adsorption process. For adsorption application, up to 99% removal of both metal ions was achieved by biomass and clay materials. Furthermore, chemically modified adsorbents significantly increased the uptake capacity of biomass, suggesting that the affinity between metal and sorbent can be increased after pretreatment. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and both models fitted to explain the adsorption behavior of metal ions on to biomass and clay. This shows that the adsorption of metal ions on the adsorbent is a physical adsorption mechanism. In conclusion, owing to its outstanding nickel(II) and copper(II) uptake capacity, the utilized biomass proved to be an excellent biosorbent.
{"title":"Removal of metallic elements from industrial waste water through biomass and clay","authors":"Aysha Masood Khan, Chaudhary Sajjad Ahmad, U. Farooq, K. Mahmood, M. Sarfraz, Khaled S. Balkhair, M. Ashraf","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1041187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1041187","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports the removal of nickel(II) and copper(II) ions (Ni2+ and Cu2+) from aqueous solution using pure and chemically pretreated biomass from Arachis hypogea (peanut shells), Prunus amygdalus (almond shells), Arundo donax (giant cane) and two clay materials, clay G and clay B. These materials are indigenous, easily available, surpulus by-products for biosorption studies. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the effect of various adsorbent factors such as initial pH, temperature, particle size and contact time on the adsorption process. For adsorption application, up to 99% removal of both metal ions was achieved by biomass and clay materials. Furthermore, chemically modified adsorbents significantly increased the uptake capacity of biomass, suggesting that the affinity between metal and sorbent can be increased after pretreatment. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and both models fitted to explain the adsorption behavior of metal ions on to biomass and clay. This shows that the adsorption of metal ions on the adsorbent is a physical adsorption mechanism. In conclusion, owing to its outstanding nickel(II) and copper(II) uptake capacity, the utilized biomass proved to be an excellent biosorbent.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1041187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-07DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1041165
A. Sabu, M. Haridas
A review of fermentation practised in Ayurveda, together with the literature produced on various aspects of Ayurvedic fermentation, is presented. The analyses may be viewed in the following categories: classical prescriptions for fermentative production of Ayurvedic drugs, physicochemical parameters of fermented Ayurvedic drugs, changes observed in medicinal tinctures due to fermentation, significance of changes due to fermentation, clinical evaluation of fermented drug products of Ayurveda, prospects for research on fermented Ayurvedic drugs and solid-state fermentation in Ayurveda. The strength of fermentation as a unique method of preparing herbal drugs as described in classical texts of Ayurveda, as well as deficiencies in the analyses of the Ayurvedic fermentative process as evidenced in research publications, is also assessed. The review of the process also highlights the significance of solid-state fermentation, employed in the preparation of certain Ayurvedic pills as a tradition in Kerala, India, as an improvement on the classical text, Ashtangahrudayam. Emphasis is also given to the need for critical studies to understand the differences between tinctures and fermented liquors and their therapeutic applications, to improve and find new applications of the fermented Ayurvedic drugs. Rational drug design-protocol based modification and synthesis of analogues, supported and guided by the biotransformation evidenced in fermented polyherbal formulae, as prescribed effectively in Ayurvedic classics, would be a novel working principle for achieving better therapeutics for other systems of medicine as well.
{"title":"Fermentation in ancient Ayurveda: Its present implications","authors":"A. Sabu, M. Haridas","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1041165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1041165","url":null,"abstract":"A review of fermentation practised in Ayurveda, together with the literature produced on various aspects of Ayurvedic fermentation, is presented. The analyses may be viewed in the following categories: classical prescriptions for fermentative production of Ayurvedic drugs, physicochemical parameters of fermented Ayurvedic drugs, changes observed in medicinal tinctures due to fermentation, significance of changes due to fermentation, clinical evaluation of fermented drug products of Ayurveda, prospects for research on fermented Ayurvedic drugs and solid-state fermentation in Ayurveda. The strength of fermentation as a unique method of preparing herbal drugs as described in classical texts of Ayurveda, as well as deficiencies in the analyses of the Ayurvedic fermentative process as evidenced in research publications, is also assessed. The review of the process also highlights the significance of solid-state fermentation, employed in the preparation of certain Ayurvedic pills as a tradition in Kerala, India, as an improvement on the classical text, Ashtangahrudayam. Emphasis is also given to the need for critical studies to understand the differences between tinctures and fermented liquors and their therapeutic applications, to improve and find new applications of the fermented Ayurvedic drugs. Rational drug design-protocol based modification and synthesis of analogues, supported and guided by the biotransformation evidenced in fermented polyherbal formulae, as prescribed effectively in Ayurvedic classics, would be a novel working principle for achieving better therapeutics for other systems of medicine as well.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1041165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E-selectin-mediated leukocyte adhesion on endothelial cells is a critical event in the inflammatory response. Site density determination of E-selectin on the substrate surface is the primary step in understanding the mechanism of E-selectin-induced cell adhesion in a parallel plate flow chamber. So far, the fluorescent method cannot measure low molecular density surfaces because of its weak sensitivity, and the traditional 125I radioiodination method can only detect the radioactivity of a solution in a tube. In this study, to measure low site density surfaces, a new method was constructed by combining 125I radioiodination with a GE Infinia Hawkeye 4 ECT. A saturation curve was obtained for the relationship between site densities and incubated concentrations of E-selectin, and a linear correlation was found within the range of low site density. Site densities were 9 and 140 sites/µm2 when polystyrene surfaces were incubated with E-selectin concentrations of 10 and 40 ng/ml, respectively. Under these densities, HL-60 cells could tether and roll on the substrates of the flow chamber. The radioiodination method developed in this study is an ideal detection method for even low-density surfaces because of its high sensitivity, which will provide better understanding of cell adhesion using a flow chamber.
{"title":"A method for surface E-selectin site density determination","authors":"Quhuan Li, Jinhe Zhang, Bing Huang, Yingchen Ling, Ying Fang","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1033654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1033654","url":null,"abstract":"E-selectin-mediated leukocyte adhesion on endothelial cells is a critical event in the inflammatory response. Site density determination of E-selectin on the substrate surface is the primary step in understanding the mechanism of E-selectin-induced cell adhesion in a parallel plate flow chamber. So far, the fluorescent method cannot measure low molecular density surfaces because of its weak sensitivity, and the traditional 125I radioiodination method can only detect the radioactivity of a solution in a tube. In this study, to measure low site density surfaces, a new method was constructed by combining 125I radioiodination with a GE Infinia Hawkeye 4 ECT. A saturation curve was obtained for the relationship between site densities and incubated concentrations of E-selectin, and a linear correlation was found within the range of low site density. Site densities were 9 and 140 sites/µm2 when polystyrene surfaces were incubated with E-selectin concentrations of 10 and 40 ng/ml, respectively. Under these densities, HL-60 cells could tether and roll on the substrates of the flow chamber. The radioiodination method developed in this study is an ideal detection method for even low-density surfaces because of its high sensitivity, which will provide better understanding of cell adhesion using a flow chamber.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1033654","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-20DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1033653
P. Show, Kehinde Opeyemi Oladele, Qi Yan Siew, Fitri Abdul Aziz Zakry, J. Lan, T. Ling
Citric acid has high economic potential owing to its numerous applications. It is mostly produced by microbial fermentation using Aspergillus niger. In view of surges in demand and growing markets, there is always a need for the discovery and development of better production techniques and solutions to improve production yields and the efficiency of product recovery. To support the enormous scale of production, it is necessary and important for the production process to be environmentally friendly by utilizing readily available and inexpensive agro-industrial waste products, while maintaining high production yields. This article reviews the biochemistry of citric acid formation, choices of citric-acid producing microorganisms and raw materials, fermentation strategies, the effects of various fermentation conditions, citric acid recovery options and the numerous applications of citric acid, based on information drawn from the literature over the past 10 years.
{"title":"Overview of citric acid production from Aspergillus niger","authors":"P. Show, Kehinde Opeyemi Oladele, Qi Yan Siew, Fitri Abdul Aziz Zakry, J. Lan, T. Ling","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1033653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1033653","url":null,"abstract":"Citric acid has high economic potential owing to its numerous applications. It is mostly produced by microbial fermentation using Aspergillus niger. In view of surges in demand and growing markets, there is always a need for the discovery and development of better production techniques and solutions to improve production yields and the efficiency of product recovery. To support the enormous scale of production, it is necessary and important for the production process to be environmentally friendly by utilizing readily available and inexpensive agro-industrial waste products, while maintaining high production yields. This article reviews the biochemistry of citric acid formation, choices of citric-acid producing microorganisms and raw materials, fermentation strategies, the effects of various fermentation conditions, citric acid recovery options and the numerous applications of citric acid, based on information drawn from the literature over the past 10 years.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1033653","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-03DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1033768
H. Rao, S. Satish
New approaches in probing for antimicrobial metabolites require genome and chemical investigation. The rapid identification of known compounds, i.e. dereplication, is strategically crucial in bioprospecting microbes for novel metabolites. An endophytic fungal strain, CBR-18, was isolated from Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. and identified as Phomopsis liquidambaris by molecular analysis. Biosynthetic polyketide synthase (PKS) genes of CBR-18 were investigated using three sets of degenerate primers, amplified with LC1–LC2c primers. Type I PKS gene-based and chemical investigation by a chromatography-guided approach furnished a broad-spectrum antimicrobial metabolite which was identified as oblongolide Y. Minimum inhibitory concentration values of the compound against test pathogens ranged between 25 and 100 µg/ml. The present study highlights the utility of strain CBR-18 as a promising source of potential polyketide antimicrobial agents which could be exploited for industrial purposes. This approach enabled different ketosynthase domains to be targeted for the isolation of previously uncharacterized bioactive polyketides, and could be used as a method for the rapid screening of fungal endophytes capable of producing potential polyketide antimicrobial agents.
{"title":"Genomic and chromatographic approach for the discovery of polyketide antimicrobial metabolites from an endophytic Phomopsis liquidambaris CBR-18","authors":"H. Rao, S. Satish","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1033768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1033768","url":null,"abstract":"New approaches in probing for antimicrobial metabolites require genome and chemical investigation. The rapid identification of known compounds, i.e. dereplication, is strategically crucial in bioprospecting microbes for novel metabolites. An endophytic fungal strain, CBR-18, was isolated from Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. and identified as Phomopsis liquidambaris by molecular analysis. Biosynthetic polyketide synthase (PKS) genes of CBR-18 were investigated using three sets of degenerate primers, amplified with LC1–LC2c primers. Type I PKS gene-based and chemical investigation by a chromatography-guided approach furnished a broad-spectrum antimicrobial metabolite which was identified as oblongolide Y. Minimum inhibitory concentration values of the compound against test pathogens ranged between 25 and 100 µg/ml. The present study highlights the utility of strain CBR-18 as a promising source of potential polyketide antimicrobial agents which could be exploited for industrial purposes. This approach enabled different ketosynthase domains to be targeted for the isolation of previously uncharacterized bioactive polyketides, and could be used as a method for the rapid screening of fungal endophytes capable of producing potential polyketide antimicrobial agents.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1033768","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-03DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1031915
M. Upadhyay, Anand Patel, R. Subramanian, T. Shah, S. Jakhesara, V. Bhatt, P. Koringa, D. Rank, C. Joshi
The water buffalo is among the most important livestock species of southern Asia, contributing greatly to the ecosystem and rural livelihood of the region. The identification of large-scale single nucleotide polymorphisms in this species would greatly facilitate our understanding of the genetic basis of economically important traits such as milk production, fertility traits and general health traits. The present study investigated the cost-effective method of exome capture and single nucleotide variant (SNV) identification from genomic DNA of Jaffrabadi buffalo using biotin-labelled cDNA as probes. Sequencing of enriched fragments generated 608 Mb of data, which was mapped to a Bos taurus genome assembly followed by variant calling and annotation. Furthermore, 393 coding SNVs were identified, leading to 143 non-synonymous substitutions (nsSNVs) in 75 genes. Of the 75 nsSNV-containing genes, four matched the genes that have previously been reported to be potentially associated with economically important traits such as milk production and meat production. Furthermore, functional annotation using gene ontology (GO) enrichment identified categories such as glutamate receptor activity (GO: 0008066) enriched in the fertility trait samples. These results provide a framework for the application of cost-effective methods of target capture in SNV detection from non-model organisms such as the water buffalo.
{"title":"Single nucleotide variant detection in Jaffrabadi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) using high-throughput targeted sequencing","authors":"M. Upadhyay, Anand Patel, R. Subramanian, T. Shah, S. Jakhesara, V. Bhatt, P. Koringa, D. Rank, C. Joshi","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1031915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1031915","url":null,"abstract":"The water buffalo is among the most important livestock species of southern Asia, contributing greatly to the ecosystem and rural livelihood of the region. The identification of large-scale single nucleotide polymorphisms in this species would greatly facilitate our understanding of the genetic basis of economically important traits such as milk production, fertility traits and general health traits. The present study investigated the cost-effective method of exome capture and single nucleotide variant (SNV) identification from genomic DNA of Jaffrabadi buffalo using biotin-labelled cDNA as probes. Sequencing of enriched fragments generated 608 Mb of data, which was mapped to a Bos taurus genome assembly followed by variant calling and annotation. Furthermore, 393 coding SNVs were identified, leading to 143 non-synonymous substitutions (nsSNVs) in 75 genes. Of the 75 nsSNV-containing genes, four matched the genes that have previously been reported to be potentially associated with economically important traits such as milk production and meat production. Furthermore, functional annotation using gene ontology (GO) enrichment identified categories such as glutamate receptor activity (GO: 0008066) enriched in the fertility trait samples. These results provide a framework for the application of cost-effective methods of target capture in SNV detection from non-model organisms such as the water buffalo.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1031915","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-01DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1028655
A. Saravanakumar, M. Ganesh, M. Peng, A. Aziz, H. Jang
The antioxidant and antimycobacterial activities of Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) fruit extracts were evaluated according to seasonal cultivation. The antioxidant activities of OFI extracts were assessed by different in vitro methods and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also examined. The antimycobacterial activity was measured against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv (ATCC 27294) by the microplate alamar blue assay method. In the antioxidant assay, methanol extracts of OFI in summer showed the highest antioxidant activity of all tested methods, and the lowest IC50 was observed in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. Pearson's correlation coefficient was evaluated and the results from the extracts of summer and rainy season OFI were significantly correlated with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The methanol extracts of OFI in summer showed a high level of antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50 µg ml−1. The results of this study suggest that OFI could be an important source of antioxidants as well as antimycobacterials against M. tuberculosis.
{"title":"Comparative antioxidant and antimycobacterial activities of Opuntia ficus-indica fruit extracts from summer and rainy seasons","authors":"A. Saravanakumar, M. Ganesh, M. Peng, A. Aziz, H. Jang","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1028655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1028655","url":null,"abstract":"The antioxidant and antimycobacterial activities of Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) fruit extracts were evaluated according to seasonal cultivation. The antioxidant activities of OFI extracts were assessed by different in vitro methods and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also examined. The antimycobacterial activity was measured against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv (ATCC 27294) by the microplate alamar blue assay method. In the antioxidant assay, methanol extracts of OFI in summer showed the highest antioxidant activity of all tested methods, and the lowest IC50 was observed in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. Pearson's correlation coefficient was evaluated and the results from the extracts of summer and rainy season OFI were significantly correlated with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The methanol extracts of OFI in summer showed a high level of antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50 µg ml−1. The results of this study suggest that OFI could be an important source of antioxidants as well as antimycobacterials against M. tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1028655","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-27DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1028654
R. Dikshit, Padmavathi Tallapragada
The aim of this study was to screen and optimize γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production from Monascus sanguineus. Different agro-waste residues were screened for GABA production. The GABA yield was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry. GABA was quantified using the simple ninhydrin protocol. Plackett–Burman and response surface methodology (RSM) as statistical tools were applied for screening and optimization of GABA yield. The accuracy of the RSM model was demonstrated by generating a non-statistical model using artificial neural network methodology. Coconut oil cake was the best substrate for GABA yield of all the tested substrates. Monosodium glutamate (MSG), pH and incubation period were found to favour GABA production. Maximum yield predicted from the RSM model was 15.53 mg/gds with an MSG concentration of 0.05 g at pH 7.5 and an incubation period of 20 days. This study considered an unexplored Monascus sp., M. sanguineus, which has primarily been used for pigment production. The capability of producing GABA from M. sanguineus using coconut oil cake as a substrate is an economical method with potential industrial use. The convincing results from this work could be considered as a benchmark for exploiting the Monascus strain to obtain GABA-enriched functional food for human consumption.
本研究的目的是筛选和优化红曲霉产γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)。筛选了不同的农业废弃物残渣用于生产GABA。用薄层色谱和质谱法确定了GABA的产率。采用简单茚三酮法定量测定GABA。采用Plackett-Burman法和响应面法(RSM)对GABA产率进行筛选和优化。利用人工神经网络方法生成非统计模型，验证了RSM模型的准确性。在所有底物中，椰子油饼是GABA产率最高的底物。味精(MSG)、pH和孵育时间有利于GABA的产生。RSM模型预测的最高产量为15.53 mg/gds, pH为7.5，味精浓度为0.05 g，孵育期为20 d。本研究考虑了一种未开发的红曲霉sp.， M. sanguineus，它主要用于色素生产。以椰子油饼为底物，从血柳中提取GABA是一种具有工业应用潜力的经济方法。这一令人信服的结果可作为开发红曲霉菌株以获得富含gaba的功能性食品供人类食用的基准。
{"title":"Screening and optimization of γ-aminobutyric acid production from Monascus sanguineus under solid-state fermentation","authors":"R. Dikshit, Padmavathi Tallapragada","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1028654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1028654","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to screen and optimize γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production from Monascus sanguineus. Different agro-waste residues were screened for GABA production. The GABA yield was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry. GABA was quantified using the simple ninhydrin protocol. Plackett–Burman and response surface methodology (RSM) as statistical tools were applied for screening and optimization of GABA yield. The accuracy of the RSM model was demonstrated by generating a non-statistical model using artificial neural network methodology. Coconut oil cake was the best substrate for GABA yield of all the tested substrates. Monosodium glutamate (MSG), pH and incubation period were found to favour GABA production. Maximum yield predicted from the RSM model was 15.53 mg/gds with an MSG concentration of 0.05 g at pH 7.5 and an incubation period of 20 days. This study considered an unexplored Monascus sp., M. sanguineus, which has primarily been used for pigment production. The capability of producing GABA from M. sanguineus using coconut oil cake as a substrate is an economical method with potential industrial use. The convincing results from this work could be considered as a benchmark for exploiting the Monascus strain to obtain GABA-enriched functional food for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1028654","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-06DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1015057
C. Subathra Devi, V. Mohanasrinivasan, Mathur Chetna, Anil Sase Nikhil, S. Jemimah Naine
The main aim of this study was to identify lipase-producing bacteria from bovine milk samples. The strain possessing the highest lipase activity was identified by physiological and molecular characterization. 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis showed highest similarity with Pseudomonas sp. and the strain was named Pseudomonas sp. VITSDVM1. The lipase productivity was improved by varying the utilization of substrates, i.e. banana and potato peel extracts, in the production medium. The results of optimization studies showed that lipase activity was maximum with groundnut oil, compared with the other carbon sources used, and with peptone as a nitrogen source. The optimum pH and temperature were 8 and 40°C, respectively. The optimum substrate concentration was 20% for the incubation period of 72 h with a maximum activity of 4.66 U mL−1. The purified lipase enzyme analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed a retention time of 3.6 min. Hence, lipase production using agricultural waste such as banana and potato peels could be used in industrial applications.
本研究的主要目的是从牛乳样品中鉴定产生脂肪酶的细菌。对脂肪酶活性最高的菌株进行了生理和分子鉴定。16S rRNA系统发育分析结果显示该菌株与假单胞菌属相似性最高，并将其命名为Pseudomonas sp. VITSDVM1。通过改变生产培养基中底物(即香蕉和马铃薯皮提取物)的利用率，提高了脂肪酶的产量。优化研究结果表明，与其他碳源相比，以花生油和蛋白胨为氮源的脂肪酶活性最高。最适pH为8℃，最适温度为40℃。最适底物浓度为20%，孵育72 h，最大活性为4.66 U mL−1。纯化后的脂肪酶经高效液相色谱分析，酶保留时间为3.6 min。因此，利用香蕉和土豆皮等农业废弃物生产脂肪酶可用于工业应用。
{"title":"Thermostable lipase from novel Pseudomonas sp. VITSDVM1 isolated from bovine milk","authors":"C. Subathra Devi, V. Mohanasrinivasan, Mathur Chetna, Anil Sase Nikhil, S. Jemimah Naine","doi":"10.1080/21553769.2015.1015057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1015057","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this study was to identify lipase-producing bacteria from bovine milk samples. The strain possessing the highest lipase activity was identified by physiological and molecular characterization. 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis showed highest similarity with Pseudomonas sp. and the strain was named Pseudomonas sp. VITSDVM1. The lipase productivity was improved by varying the utilization of substrates, i.e. banana and potato peel extracts, in the production medium. The results of optimization studies showed that lipase activity was maximum with groundnut oil, compared with the other carbon sources used, and with peptone as a nitrogen source. The optimum pH and temperature were 8 and 40°C, respectively. The optimum substrate concentration was 20% for the incubation period of 72 h with a maximum activity of 4.66 U mL−1. The purified lipase enzyme analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed a retention time of 3.6 min. Hence, lipase production using agricultural waste such as banana and potato peels could be used in industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":12756,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21553769.2015.1015057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60089505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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