Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2023.2214176
N. Dharuman, K. Lakshmi, M. Krishnan
ABSTRACT Green analytical procedures replace harmful organic modifiers with green solvents without affecting chromatographic performance, enabling industries and research laboratories to develop green analytical methods. Benidipine hydrochloride (BEN) and Chlorthalidone (CHD) were used to treat hypertension. The literature indicates that no method for determining BEN and CHD combines RP-HPLC with green Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) for long-term use. This study aimed to develop a green RP-HPLC for determining BEN and CHD by incorporating analytical quality by design with green chemistry principles. A central composite design was used for optimization, with 40% ethanol content and flow rate chosen as critical variables. Separation was achieved using Agilent Eclipse Plus (C18, 250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d, 5 μm) with a mobile phase of ethanol and potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (orthophosphoric acid to 3.5) in a ratio of 40:60 v/v at 1 ml/min, detection wavelength at 230 nm. Retention times for CHD and BEN were 3.1 and 5.1 min, respectively. The concentration ranges for BEN and CHD were 3.2–4.8 μg/ml and 5.0–7.5 μg/ml, respectively. The proposed method was eco-friendly and assessed using green evaluation tools. Thus, AQBD and green technologies provide regular BEN and CHD analysis in pharmaceutical formulations without environmental impact. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Environmental benign RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of anti-hypertensive drugs using analytical quality by design","authors":"N. Dharuman, K. Lakshmi, M. Krishnan","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2023.2214176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2214176","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Green analytical procedures replace harmful organic modifiers with green solvents without affecting chromatographic performance, enabling industries and research laboratories to develop green analytical methods. Benidipine hydrochloride (BEN) and Chlorthalidone (CHD) were used to treat hypertension. The literature indicates that no method for determining BEN and CHD combines RP-HPLC with green Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) for long-term use. This study aimed to develop a green RP-HPLC for determining BEN and CHD by incorporating analytical quality by design with green chemistry principles. A central composite design was used for optimization, with 40% ethanol content and flow rate chosen as critical variables. Separation was achieved using Agilent Eclipse Plus (C18, 250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d, 5 μm) with a mobile phase of ethanol and potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (orthophosphoric acid to 3.5) in a ratio of 40:60 v/v at 1 ml/min, detection wavelength at 230 nm. Retention times for CHD and BEN were 3.1 and 5.1 min, respectively. The concentration ranges for BEN and CHD were 3.2–4.8 μg/ml and 5.0–7.5 μg/ml, respectively. The proposed method was eco-friendly and assessed using green evaluation tools. Thus, AQBD and green technologies provide regular BEN and CHD analysis in pharmaceutical formulations without environmental impact. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87460824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2023.2169591
Reuben Samson Dangana, R. C. George, F. Agboola
ABSTRACT This study aims to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extracts of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius and investigate their biological activities. UV–Vis Spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM and TEM were used for characterization. The antioxidant properties were determined using H2O2, NO, ABTS, FRAP and DPPH scavenging assays. For anti-inflammatory activities, membrane stabilization, albumin denaturation and proteinase inhibitory activity were assayed. The antibacterial effect was tested using well diffusion method. Statistical analyses were done using ANOVA. Synthesized nanoparticles showed an intensity peak at 378 nm in UV–Vis Spectroscopy. FT-IR shows the presence of O-H stretching, C = C bending, O-H bending and C–N stretching functional groups of the stabilizing action of the plant extract on the surface of the nanoparticles. NPs were shown to be spherical by SEM analysis, and the sizes were 100 nm by TEM analysis. The antioxidant properties of ZnO NPs compared to ascorbic acid standard showed significant antioxidant potential in H2O2, NO, ABTS, FRAP and DPPH scavenging assays. ZnO NPs showed excellent anti-inflammatory activity with the synthesized ZnO NPs performing better in membrane stabilization. Clinical pathogens were inhibited by ZnO NPs when compared with Cefuroxime, a standard drug. These efficient biological activities could be utilized in several biological applications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"The biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extracts of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius and their biological activities","authors":"Reuben Samson Dangana, R. C. George, F. Agboola","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2023.2169591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2169591","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aims to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extracts of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius and investigate their biological activities. UV–Vis Spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM and TEM were used for characterization. The antioxidant properties were determined using H2O2, NO, ABTS, FRAP and DPPH scavenging assays. For anti-inflammatory activities, membrane stabilization, albumin denaturation and proteinase inhibitory activity were assayed. The antibacterial effect was tested using well diffusion method. Statistical analyses were done using ANOVA. Synthesized nanoparticles showed an intensity peak at 378 nm in UV–Vis Spectroscopy. FT-IR shows the presence of O-H stretching, C = C bending, O-H bending and C–N stretching functional groups of the stabilizing action of the plant extract on the surface of the nanoparticles. NPs were shown to be spherical by SEM analysis, and the sizes were 100 nm by TEM analysis. The antioxidant properties of ZnO NPs compared to ascorbic acid standard showed significant antioxidant potential in H2O2, NO, ABTS, FRAP and DPPH scavenging assays. ZnO NPs showed excellent anti-inflammatory activity with the synthesized ZnO NPs performing better in membrane stabilization. Clinical pathogens were inhibited by ZnO NPs when compared with Cefuroxime, a standard drug. These efficient biological activities could be utilized in several biological applications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79218971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2023.2183781
Mengqi Zhang, Elizabeth L. Day, Hunter McFall-Boegeman, Steven J. Petritis, M. Cooper
ABSTRACT The large-enrollment undergraduate organic chemistry laboratories at Michigan State University have been redesigned to incorporate green and sustainable chemistry and evidence-based instructional approaches to laboratory teaching. Students engage in scientific practices such as defining problems, designing and carrying out experiments, analyzing data, and designing solutions during in-person lab sessions. Principles of green and sustainable chemistry are introduced in the case studies, where students investigate a variety of approaches and discuss the relative merits of different approaches from a range of perspectives including efficiency, environmental impact, and cost. An in-depth summary of design pedagogy, instructional materials, implementation details, instructor’s notes and challenges will be discussed. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Incorporation of green chemistry into undergraduate organic laboratory using cooperative project-based experiments and case studies","authors":"Mengqi Zhang, Elizabeth L. Day, Hunter McFall-Boegeman, Steven J. Petritis, M. Cooper","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2023.2183781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2183781","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The large-enrollment undergraduate organic chemistry laboratories at Michigan State University have been redesigned to incorporate green and sustainable chemistry and evidence-based instructional approaches to laboratory teaching. Students engage in scientific practices such as defining problems, designing and carrying out experiments, analyzing data, and designing solutions during in-person lab sessions. Principles of green and sustainable chemistry are introduced in the case studies, where students investigate a variety of approaches and discuss the relative merits of different approaches from a range of perspectives including efficiency, environmental impact, and cost. An in-depth summary of design pedagogy, instructional materials, implementation details, instructor’s notes and challenges will be discussed. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75110124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2023.2185108
Kenneth C. Hoffman, A. Dicks
ABSTRACT A perspective on incorporating the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG) and Green Chemistry Principles (GCP) into high school chemistry curricula is presented. The framework is based upon the Johnstone-Mahaffy model for chemistry understanding which specifically links student learning to the affective or human-centred domain. Reference is made to the origins of high school chemistry curricula, recommendations from the recent Royal Society of Chemistry survey Green Shoots: A Sustainable Chemistry Curriculum for a Sustainable Planet, student engagement practices, and studies in adolescent mental health. The origins and organization of the UNSDG and GCP are outlined, with the similarities to high school chemistry curricula illustrated. Justification for the implementation of the UNSDG and GCP is given, with a specific example presented in the context of the International Baccalaureate chemistry curriculum, and the GCP are rendered in educator- and student-appropriate language. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Incorporating the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and green chemistry principles into high school curricula","authors":"Kenneth C. Hoffman, A. Dicks","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2023.2185108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2185108","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 A perspective on incorporating the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG) and Green Chemistry Principles (GCP) into high school chemistry curricula is presented. The framework is based upon the Johnstone-Mahaffy model for chemistry understanding which specifically links student learning to the affective or human-centred domain. Reference is made to the origins of high school chemistry curricula, recommendations from the recent Royal Society of Chemistry survey Green Shoots: A Sustainable Chemistry Curriculum for a Sustainable Planet, student engagement practices, and studies in adolescent mental health. The origins and organization of the UNSDG and GCP are outlined, with the similarities to high school chemistry curricula illustrated. Justification for the implementation of the UNSDG and GCP is given, with a specific example presented in the context of the International Baccalaureate chemistry curriculum, and the GCP are rendered in educator- and student-appropriate language. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77548552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2023.2177520
M. Khan, A. A. Khan, Aiman Parveen, Kim Min, V. Yadav, Azhar U. Khan, Mahboob Alam
ABSTRACT Nanoparticles of copper oxide were synthesized from the Spirodela polyrrhiza (greater duckweed) plant. Ultraviolet spectroscopy absorbance of around 400 nm was used for nanoparticle characterization. The presence of copper and oxygen in the biogenic nanoparticles was analyzed by the EDX technique. Based on scanning, and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) results, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are evenly distributed and spherical, and their sizes are in the 100 nm range. The synthesized nanoparticles of copper oxide were tested for antibacterial, antifungal, and nematicidal effectiveness against plants pest and pathogens. Antifungal and nematicidal activity against pests and plant pathogens was observed, with fungal mycelium reduced by 45–50% and eggs hatching. The findings suggest that plant-based copper oxide nanoparticles could be a potential source of plant pathogen inhibition. From this study, we concluded that synthesized CuO NPs have the potential to serve as a safer alternative for plant disease management. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Mitigating the growth of plant pathogenic bacterium, fungi, and nematode by using plant-mediated synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs)","authors":"M. Khan, A. A. Khan, Aiman Parveen, Kim Min, V. Yadav, Azhar U. Khan, Mahboob Alam","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2023.2177520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2177520","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Nanoparticles of copper oxide were synthesized from the Spirodela polyrrhiza (greater duckweed) plant. Ultraviolet spectroscopy absorbance of around 400 nm was used for nanoparticle characterization. The presence of copper and oxygen in the biogenic nanoparticles was analyzed by the EDX technique. Based on scanning, and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) results, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are evenly distributed and spherical, and their sizes are in the 100 nm range. The synthesized nanoparticles of copper oxide were tested for antibacterial, antifungal, and nematicidal effectiveness against plants pest and pathogens. Antifungal and nematicidal activity against pests and plant pathogens was observed, with fungal mycelium reduced by 45–50% and eggs hatching. The findings suggest that plant-based copper oxide nanoparticles could be a potential source of plant pathogen inhibition. From this study, we concluded that synthesized CuO NPs have the potential to serve as a safer alternative for plant disease management. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84746898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2023.2215243
Jessica Pichler, Rosa Maria Eder, L. Widder, M. Varga, M. Marchetti‐Deschmann, M. Frauscher
ABSTRACT With the EU aiming for net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, conventional production cycles must be transformed into cradle-to-cradle approaches. Spent coffee grounds are often dumped in landfills, with their potential as high-quality feedstock for biofuel or bio-lubricant production. Spent coffee grounds oil (SCGO) was investigated for its physicochemical properties while having more free acid groups compared to the reference polyalphaolefin 8 (PAO 8), which may cause faster oxidation. TGA results displayed comparable thermal stability of SCGO and PAO 8 for inert/oxidative atmosphere. The oil composition was characterized by ATR-FTIR, elemental analysis, and GC-EI-MS, where a higher oxygen content was found for SCGO, referring to functional ester/acid groups. The tribological behavior of SCGO was studied as lubricant base oil and as a 5% additive in PAO 8. The condition of fresh and tribologically used oils was investigated with High-Resolution-ESI-MS, and the worn surfaces were evaluated by light microscopy and topographic analysis. The results showed a superior friction coefficient of pure SCGO (µ = 0.092) to PAO 8 (µ = 0.129). The 5% SCGO additive in PAO 8 (µ = 0.095) could significantly reduce friction compared to pure PAO 8 on an unpolished 100Cr6 surface. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Moving towards green lubrication: tribological behavior and chemical characterization of spent coffee grounds oil","authors":"Jessica Pichler, Rosa Maria Eder, L. Widder, M. Varga, M. Marchetti‐Deschmann, M. Frauscher","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2023.2215243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2215243","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With the EU aiming for net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, conventional production cycles must be transformed into cradle-to-cradle approaches. Spent coffee grounds are often dumped in landfills, with their potential as high-quality feedstock for biofuel or bio-lubricant production. Spent coffee grounds oil (SCGO) was investigated for its physicochemical properties while having more free acid groups compared to the reference polyalphaolefin 8 (PAO 8), which may cause faster oxidation. TGA results displayed comparable thermal stability of SCGO and PAO 8 for inert/oxidative atmosphere. The oil composition was characterized by ATR-FTIR, elemental analysis, and GC-EI-MS, where a higher oxygen content was found for SCGO, referring to functional ester/acid groups. The tribological behavior of SCGO was studied as lubricant base oil and as a 5% additive in PAO 8. The condition of fresh and tribologically used oils was investigated with High-Resolution-ESI-MS, and the worn surfaces were evaluated by light microscopy and topographic analysis. The results showed a superior friction coefficient of pure SCGO (µ = 0.092) to PAO 8 (µ = 0.129). The 5% SCGO additive in PAO 8 (µ = 0.095) could significantly reduce friction compared to pure PAO 8 on an unpolished 100Cr6 surface. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88749168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2023.2264322
Meghna Dilip, Jeremy R. Andreatta, Grace VanKirk, Ama D. Aninakwa, Vivian Parker
Ingredients in nail polish and polish removers are the primary causes of occupational health problems manicurists frequently face. Several key concepts of green chemistry can be taught to an undergraduate audience using nail polish removers as a case study. Students generated green profiles of various nail polish removers available on the market based on the 12 principles of green chemistry. This study also quantified the concentration of active ingredients in each nail polish remover using a greener analytical technique: the standard addition NMR method. The amount of nail polish remover needed for lethality in manicurists was calculated. It was determined that lethality is not the only factor to be considered in toxicology but routes of exposure are equally if not more important. Finally, a discussion of ethics and economics of the nail industry was included to create a holistic approach to the analysis and understanding of a consumer issue.
{"title":"Teaching green chemistry, sustainability ethics, and toxicity using nail polish removers","authors":"Meghna Dilip, Jeremy R. Andreatta, Grace VanKirk, Ama D. Aninakwa, Vivian Parker","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2023.2264322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2264322","url":null,"abstract":"Ingredients in nail polish and polish removers are the primary causes of occupational health problems manicurists frequently face. Several key concepts of green chemistry can be taught to an undergraduate audience using nail polish removers as a case study. Students generated green profiles of various nail polish removers available on the market based on the 12 principles of green chemistry. This study also quantified the concentration of active ingredients in each nail polish remover using a greener analytical technique: the standard addition NMR method. The amount of nail polish remover needed for lethality in manicurists was calculated. It was determined that lethality is not the only factor to be considered in toxicology but routes of exposure are equally if not more important. Finally, a discussion of ethics and economics of the nail industry was included to create a holistic approach to the analysis and understanding of a consumer issue.","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2023.2215259
V. Makarevičienė, K. Kazancev, E. Sendžikienė, M. Gumbytė
ABSTRACT The aim of studies was to investigate the process of enzymatic interesterification of rapeseed oil with methyl formate and to determine the influence of three independent variables on the product yield. After evaluating the effectiveness of three enzymatic preparations, the industrial preparation Lipozyme TL IM was selected for the research. Using the surface response methodology, a model describing the dependence of the yield of rapeseed methyl esters on the molar ratio of methyl formate to oil, the amount of catalyst and the duration of the process was created. The following conditions were determined in which the highest yield of rapeseed oil methyl esters was obtained: molar ratio of methyl formate to oil 40:1, process duration 60 h and 14.57% of catalyst Lipozyme TL IM from the amount of oil. Under these conditions, an 81.79% yield of rapeseed oil methyl esters was obtained. Comparative studies of the physical and chemical properties of the product obtained during the interesterification process were performed and their compliance with the requirements of conventional biodiesel standard EN 14214 was evaluated. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Glycerol free biodiesel synthesis by application of methyl formate in enzymatic interesterification of rapeseed oil","authors":"V. Makarevičienė, K. Kazancev, E. Sendžikienė, M. Gumbytė","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2023.2215259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2215259","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of studies was to investigate the process of enzymatic interesterification of rapeseed oil with methyl formate and to determine the influence of three independent variables on the product yield. After evaluating the effectiveness of three enzymatic preparations, the industrial preparation Lipozyme TL IM was selected for the research. Using the surface response methodology, a model describing the dependence of the yield of rapeseed methyl esters on the molar ratio of methyl formate to oil, the amount of catalyst and the duration of the process was created. The following conditions were determined in which the highest yield of rapeseed oil methyl esters was obtained: molar ratio of methyl formate to oil 40:1, process duration 60 h and 14.57% of catalyst Lipozyme TL IM from the amount of oil. Under these conditions, an 81.79% yield of rapeseed oil methyl esters was obtained. Comparative studies of the physical and chemical properties of the product obtained during the interesterification process were performed and their compliance with the requirements of conventional biodiesel standard EN 14214 was evaluated. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91176496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2023.2233988
A. Yousaf, M. Salman, Fatima Saleem, Maryam Razzaq, Anum Hayat
ABSTRACT Scavenging of Nickel and Cadmium from synthetic metal systems was studied by using Ficus benghalensis as a biosorbent. The characteristic behavior of biosorbent was evaluated by Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Findings were supportive of selected biomass during the experimental procedure. pH 5 was found as a point of zero charge. The concentrations of acidic and basic functional groups (0.3 and 0.02 mmol/g, respectively) on the surface of Ficus benghalensis were estimated by adopting Boehm’s titration. Biosorption parameters were performed, and the co-cation inhibitory effect was found to be significantly higher for Ni + 2 than Cd + 2. The attachment of Ni + 2 was hindered by Cd + 2 present in an aqueous medium. Biosorption capacity varied in Ni + 2 >Ni + 2 mix > Cd + 2 >Cd + 2 mix. For Ni, RMSE values increased from 0.34–0.61 because Ni + 2 faced the inhibitory effect of Cd + 2, but the case was inverse for Cd + 2. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Mobilization and scavenging of Ni + 2 and Cd + 2 from binary metal ions mixture to study the influence of co-cation on biosorption","authors":"A. Yousaf, M. Salman, Fatima Saleem, Maryam Razzaq, Anum Hayat","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2023.2233988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2233988","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Scavenging of Nickel and Cadmium from synthetic metal systems was studied by using Ficus benghalensis as a biosorbent. The characteristic behavior of biosorbent was evaluated by Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Findings were supportive of selected biomass during the experimental procedure. pH 5 was found as a point of zero charge. The concentrations of acidic and basic functional groups (0.3 and 0.02 mmol/g, respectively) on the surface of Ficus benghalensis were estimated by adopting Boehm’s titration. Biosorption parameters were performed, and the co-cation inhibitory effect was found to be significantly higher for Ni + 2 than Cd + 2. The attachment of Ni + 2 was hindered by Cd + 2 present in an aqueous medium. Biosorption capacity varied in Ni + 2 >Ni + 2 mix > Cd + 2 >Cd + 2 mix. For Ni, RMSE values increased from 0.34–0.61 because Ni + 2 faced the inhibitory effect of Cd + 2, but the case was inverse for Cd + 2. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88908863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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