Cr(VI) compounds have important industrial applications and are used in various sectors like tanning, chrome plating, anti-corrosion agents and wood preservation. The Cr(VI) contamination in the wastewater is generally due to several natural and anthropogenic sources. Anthropogenic activities like several industrial operations play a major role in the Cr(VI) contamination in the aquatic ecosystem. Cr(VI) well-known toxic metal ion and its exposure in humans causes several health issues. Cr(VI) enters the cells and gradually reduces into a lower oxidation state and generates oxidative stress in the cell which damages cell organelles. The Cr(VI) mediated genotoxicity has been described as damaging the DNA base pairing, sugar-phosphate backbone, histone modification and chromosomal damage. Water and wastewater must be treated to remove Cr(VI) due to its high toxicity. There are several, physiochemical methods used for Cr(VI) remediation but these approaches are expensive and produce hazardous sludge during the treatment process. Therefore, a suitable environmentally friendly and effective Cr(VI) removal approach is urgently needed. Microbial removal of Cr(VI) is considered an eco-friendly and cost-effective process. In this, the authors focused on sources, genotoxicity and microbial remediation approaches of Cr(VI).
{"title":"Source of Cr(VI) in the aquatic ecosystem, its genotoxic effects and microbial removal from contaminated water","authors":"Veer Singh, Kumar Abhishek, Sachchida Nand Rai, Santosh K. Singh, Emanuel Vamanu, Ashish Kumar","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2023.2267079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2267079","url":null,"abstract":"Cr(VI) compounds have important industrial applications and are used in various sectors like tanning, chrome plating, anti-corrosion agents and wood preservation. The Cr(VI) contamination in the wastewater is generally due to several natural and anthropogenic sources. Anthropogenic activities like several industrial operations play a major role in the Cr(VI) contamination in the aquatic ecosystem. Cr(VI) well-known toxic metal ion and its exposure in humans causes several health issues. Cr(VI) enters the cells and gradually reduces into a lower oxidation state and generates oxidative stress in the cell which damages cell organelles. The Cr(VI) mediated genotoxicity has been described as damaging the DNA base pairing, sugar-phosphate backbone, histone modification and chromosomal damage. Water and wastewater must be treated to remove Cr(VI) due to its high toxicity. There are several, physiochemical methods used for Cr(VI) remediation but these approaches are expensive and produce hazardous sludge during the treatment process. Therefore, a suitable environmentally friendly and effective Cr(VI) removal approach is urgently needed. Microbial removal of Cr(VI) is considered an eco-friendly and cost-effective process. In this, the authors focused on sources, genotoxicity and microbial remediation approaches of Cr(VI).","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2023.2249019
Metwally Abdallah, Kamal A. Soliman, Majda Alfakeer, Ameena M. Al-bonayan, Mohamed T. Alotaibi, Hana Hawsawi, Omar A. Hazazi, Reda S. Abdel Hameed, Mohamed Sobhi
The inhibition vigor of natural lettuce oil against corrosion of mild steel (MSt) 1.0 M H2SO4 solutions was investigated using chemical, electrochemical, and computational studies. The anti-corrosion efficacy (%AE) increases with the increase in the amount of doses of lettuce oil and reaches 95.83% from the galvanostatic polarization. The anti-corrosion process was demonstrated by the adsorption of lettuce oil onto the surface of MSt. The adsorption is spontaneous due to the negative signs of free energy of adsorption. The adsorption is subjected to Langmuir isotherm. Lettuce oil inhibits the pitting corrosion of MSt in chloride -containing solutions by transferring the pitting potential to the noble directions. Density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were performed on the four components of natural lettuce oil. The adsorption of the inhibitors on the Fe(110) in the solutions is in parallel form. The results obtained from DFT and MC simulations predicted that α-Lactucerol and Lactupicrin give the MC simulations were performed on the four components of natural lettuce oil. The adsorption of the inhibitors on the Fe(110) in the solutions is in parallel form. The results obtained from DFT and MC simulations predicted that α-Lactucerol and Lactupicrin give the highest %AE.
采用化学、电化学和计算方法研究了天然生菜油对低碳钢(MSt) 1.0 M H2SO4溶液的缓蚀能力。抗腐蚀效能(%AE)随生菜油用量的增加而增加，在恒流极化下达到95.83%。通过莴苣油在MSt表面的吸附，验证了MSt的防腐性能。由于吸附自由能的负号，吸附是自发的。吸附服从Langmuir等温线。莴苣油通过将点蚀电位向贵金属方向转移来抑制含氯溶液中MSt的点蚀。采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和蒙特卡罗(MC)对天然生菜油的四种成分进行了模拟。抑制剂对溶液中Fe(110)的吸附呈平行形式。DFT和MC模拟结果表明，α-Lactucerol和Lactupicrin对天然生菜油的四种成分进行了MC模拟。抑制剂对溶液中Fe(110)的吸附呈平行形式。DFT和MC模拟结果预测α-Lactucerol和Lactupicrin的AE %最高。
{"title":"Mitigation effect of natural lettuce oil on the corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid solution: chemical, electrochemical, computational aspects","authors":"Metwally Abdallah, Kamal A. Soliman, Majda Alfakeer, Ameena M. Al-bonayan, Mohamed T. Alotaibi, Hana Hawsawi, Omar A. Hazazi, Reda S. Abdel Hameed, Mohamed Sobhi","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2023.2249019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2249019","url":null,"abstract":"The inhibition vigor of natural lettuce oil against corrosion of mild steel (MSt) 1.0 M H2SO4 solutions was investigated using chemical, electrochemical, and computational studies. The anti-corrosion efficacy (%AE) increases with the increase in the amount of doses of lettuce oil and reaches 95.83% from the galvanostatic polarization. The anti-corrosion process was demonstrated by the adsorption of lettuce oil onto the surface of MSt. The adsorption is spontaneous due to the negative signs of free energy of adsorption. The adsorption is subjected to Langmuir isotherm. Lettuce oil inhibits the pitting corrosion of MSt in chloride -containing solutions by transferring the pitting potential to the noble directions. Density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were performed on the four components of natural lettuce oil. The adsorption of the inhibitors on the Fe(110) in the solutions is in parallel form. The results obtained from DFT and MC simulations predicted that α-Lactucerol and Lactupicrin give the MC simulations were performed on the four components of natural lettuce oil. The adsorption of the inhibitors on the Fe(110) in the solutions is in parallel form. The results obtained from DFT and MC simulations predicted that α-Lactucerol and Lactupicrin give the highest %AE.","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2023.2260401
Lucas Patricio Hernández-Saravia, Erico R. Carmona, Aliro Villacorta, Felipe S. Carevic, Ricardo Marcos
In the last years, the study of metals recovery and nanoparticle transformation from industrial residues has gained attention because this theme contributed to improving the valorization of the so-called wasted, transforming the simple recycling strategies to more complex and highly technological new approach methodologies, delivering added value to raw materials and allowing the development of new advanced materials with unique physicochemical characteristics for multiple functionalities according to the new growing demands. The present work reviews the available literature about using mining and electronic waste (e-waste) for recycling-extracting metallic products and their transformation into nanomaterials (NMs). The applications and challenges of these NMs were also analyzed and discussed. Acid and alkaline treatments were the main recovery methods, while the synthesis by chemical reduction was the most used for the fabrication of NPs. Nano-alloy, Cu, Fe, and Au NPs were the main products obtained from PCBs and tailing waste. In addition, catalysis, sensors, and antimicrobial activity were the primary applications described. Due to the reutilization of metallic raw, direct transformation, low-cost, and eco-friendly synthesis processes could be an attractive alternative to the production of NPs on large scales.
{"title":"Sustainable use of mining and electronic waste for nanomaterial synthesis with technological applications: state of the art and future directions","authors":"Lucas Patricio Hernández-Saravia, Erico R. Carmona, Aliro Villacorta, Felipe S. Carevic, Ricardo Marcos","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2023.2260401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2260401","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years, the study of metals recovery and nanoparticle transformation from industrial residues has gained attention because this theme contributed to improving the valorization of the so-called wasted, transforming the simple recycling strategies to more complex and highly technological new approach methodologies, delivering added value to raw materials and allowing the development of new advanced materials with unique physicochemical characteristics for multiple functionalities according to the new growing demands. The present work reviews the available literature about using mining and electronic waste (e-waste) for recycling-extracting metallic products and their transformation into nanomaterials (NMs). The applications and challenges of these NMs were also analyzed and discussed. Acid and alkaline treatments were the main recovery methods, while the synthesis by chemical reduction was the most used for the fabrication of NPs. Nano-alloy, Cu, Fe, and Au NPs were the main products obtained from PCBs and tailing waste. In addition, catalysis, sensors, and antimicrobial activity were the primary applications described. Due to the reutilization of metallic raw, direct transformation, low-cost, and eco-friendly synthesis processes could be an attractive alternative to the production of NPs on large scales.","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2023.2275666
Muhammad Asam Raza, Umme Farwa, Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz, Javeria Kainat, Areej Sabir, Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
Green nanotechnology is an eco-friendly method for the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles, which are being used due to their unique features and bio-applications in various fields. World Health Organization (WHO) stated that the use of medicinal plants to treat a variety of disorders, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer, HIV infection, hepatitis, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria is very effective. Green synthesis is a cost-effective, environment- friendly, and safe method. There are a wide variety of native medicinal plants around the world, owing to their unique physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, used for gold and silver nanoparticle (NP) synthesis, and are potent among all metal nanoparticles. However, as an alternative to several traditional techniques to synthesize nanoparticles, green chemistry has arisen. This review covers the green synthesis of AuNPs/AgNPs and its significance as a potent anticancer and antidiabetic agent. All literature surveys will be helpful in terms of further progress as to go from summarizing or concluding data along challenges and future perceptions.
{"title":"Green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles as antidiabetic and anticancerous agents","authors":"Muhammad Asam Raza, Umme Farwa, Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz, Javeria Kainat, Areej Sabir, Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2023.2275666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2275666","url":null,"abstract":"Green nanotechnology is an eco-friendly method for the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles, which are being used due to their unique features and bio-applications in various fields. World Health Organization (WHO) stated that the use of medicinal plants to treat a variety of disorders, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer, HIV infection, hepatitis, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria is very effective. Green synthesis is a cost-effective, environment- friendly, and safe method. There are a wide variety of native medicinal plants around the world, owing to their unique physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, used for gold and silver nanoparticle (NP) synthesis, and are potent among all metal nanoparticles. However, as an alternative to several traditional techniques to synthesize nanoparticles, green chemistry has arisen. This review covers the green synthesis of AuNPs/AgNPs and its significance as a potent anticancer and antidiabetic agent. All literature surveys will be helpful in terms of further progress as to go from summarizing or concluding data along challenges and future perceptions.","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2023.2192320
Loyd D. Bastin, Andrew P. Dicks
{"title":"Advances in green chemistry education","authors":"Loyd D. Bastin, Andrew P. Dicks","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2023.2192320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2192320","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135755000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2023.2274529
Felix Lulay, Claudia Weidlich, Markus Valtiner, Christian M. Pichler
ABSTRACT Redox flow batteries are a promising technology to enable the middle term storage of fluctuating renewable electricity production. The membrane is a key component in the battery system and to further develop and improve the battery systems, detailed understanding of the membrane aging and degradation mechanisms are required. This review gives a comprehensive overview about the various membrane degradation mechanisms in the most relevant redox flow battery systems. We discuss different testing approaches for membranes and compare the influence of different battery chemistries, testing protocols and degradation mechanisms. Based on the current state of the art, an outlook on the greatest challenges for developing novel and more stable membrane materials is given. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Membrane degradation in redox flow batteries","authors":"Felix Lulay, Claudia Weidlich, Markus Valtiner, Christian M. Pichler","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2023.2274529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2274529","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Redox flow batteries are a promising technology to enable the middle term storage of fluctuating renewable electricity production. The membrane is a key component in the battery system and to further develop and improve the battery systems, detailed understanding of the membrane aging and degradation mechanisms are required. This review gives a comprehensive overview about the various membrane degradation mechanisms in the most relevant redox flow battery systems. We discuss different testing approaches for membranes and compare the influence of different battery chemistries, testing protocols and degradation mechanisms. Based on the current state of the art, an outlook on the greatest challenges for developing novel and more stable membrane materials is given. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2023.2198651
Viswanathan Sukumar, Saravanan Chinnusamy, Hemanth Kumar Chanduluru, S. Rathinam
ABSTRACT The present study aimed to separate the three-drug combination and degradant products by applying stress studies in bulk and pharmaceutical using RP-HPLC green analytical chemistry principles to make the separation better and more effective without compromising the standard limits. The three drugs have separated using the Mobile Phase Mixture of 10 volumes of buffer (0.1% triethanolamine in water) and 90 volumes of ethanol on the stationary phase Inertsil ODS 3 (250 mm x 4.6 mm), 5 µm column, at a wavelength of 256 nm. The method has been performed on a linear concentration range of 12–28 µg/mL for ATR, EZB, and 192- 448 µg/mL for FNF. The forced degradation studies showed that the ATR had > 5% degradation in acid, peroxide and thermal degradation, as EZB tends to degrade more than 15% at alkali hydrolysis. Moreover, the methodology has been validated according to ICH Q2 R1 guidelines, assessed using green evaluation tools like GAPI, AES, and AGREE, and found eco-friendly according to the output of the greenness outcomes. The developed method employed for determining three drugs has shown within limits according to the guidelines, easily adaptable by the pharmaceutical industries for their regular quality control analysis of the combinations. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Method development and validation of Atorvastatin, Ezetimibe and Fenofibrate using RP-HPLC along with their forced degradation studies and greenness profiling","authors":"Viswanathan Sukumar, Saravanan Chinnusamy, Hemanth Kumar Chanduluru, S. Rathinam","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2023.2198651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2198651","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study aimed to separate the three-drug combination and degradant products by applying stress studies in bulk and pharmaceutical using RP-HPLC green analytical chemistry principles to make the separation better and more effective without compromising the standard limits. The three drugs have separated using the Mobile Phase Mixture of 10 volumes of buffer (0.1% triethanolamine in water) and 90 volumes of ethanol on the stationary phase Inertsil ODS 3 (250 mm x 4.6 mm), 5 µm column, at a wavelength of 256 nm. The method has been performed on a linear concentration range of 12–28 µg/mL for ATR, EZB, and 192- 448 µg/mL for FNF. The forced degradation studies showed that the ATR had > 5% degradation in acid, peroxide and thermal degradation, as EZB tends to degrade more than 15% at alkali hydrolysis. Moreover, the methodology has been validated according to ICH Q2 R1 guidelines, assessed using green evaluation tools like GAPI, AES, and AGREE, and found eco-friendly according to the output of the greenness outcomes. The developed method employed for determining three drugs has shown within limits according to the guidelines, easily adaptable by the pharmaceutical industries for their regular quality control analysis of the combinations. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88585268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2023.2169081
B. Worku, Tessera Alemneh Wubieneh
ABSTRACT This research is manufactured composite materials from waste poly (ethylene terephthalate) reinforced with glass fiber and filled with waste window glass powder for tile application. The composite samples were prepared by the melt-mixing method followed by compression molding. The mechanical, thermal, and physical properties are investigated. To do this Charpy impact and Rockwell hardness testing machines, DSC, and Thermogravimetric analysis instruments were used. For this, it was prepared eleven samples by varying the glass fiber weight percentage from 0 to 10, matrix weight percentage from 70 to 85, and glass powder filler weight percentage from 5 to 20. The maximum impact strength (5.11 J/cm2) is recorded at 10% weight of glass fiber, 85% weight of PET matrix, and 5% weight of window glass filler. The maximum Rockwell hardness (184.2HR) and the minimum water absorption (0.048%) are also recorded at 0 weight % of glass fiber, 80 weight % of poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, matrix, and 20 weight% of window glass filler. It can be concluded that the impact strength increased with increased weight % of glass fiber and decreased with increased window glass filler. The Rockwell hardness increased, and the water absorption decreased with increased weight % of window glass filler. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Composite material from waste poly (ethylene terephthalate) reinforced with glass fiber and waste window glass filler","authors":"B. Worku, Tessera Alemneh Wubieneh","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2023.2169081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2169081","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This research is manufactured composite materials from waste poly (ethylene terephthalate) reinforced with glass fiber and filled with waste window glass powder for tile application. The composite samples were prepared by the melt-mixing method followed by compression molding. The mechanical, thermal, and physical properties are investigated. To do this Charpy impact and Rockwell hardness testing machines, DSC, and Thermogravimetric analysis instruments were used. For this, it was prepared eleven samples by varying the glass fiber weight percentage from 0 to 10, matrix weight percentage from 70 to 85, and glass powder filler weight percentage from 5 to 20. The maximum impact strength (5.11 J/cm2) is recorded at 10% weight of glass fiber, 85% weight of PET matrix, and 5% weight of window glass filler. The maximum Rockwell hardness (184.2HR) and the minimum water absorption (0.048%) are also recorded at 0 weight % of glass fiber, 80 weight % of poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, matrix, and 20 weight% of window glass filler. It can be concluded that the impact strength increased with increased weight % of glass fiber and decreased with increased window glass filler. The Rockwell hardness increased, and the water absorption decreased with increased weight % of window glass filler. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86945167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2022.2164700
Matthew A. Nitka, Katarina E. Zerbee, Julianne M. Dee, Matthew A. Cranswick, E. Zovinka, John R. De Backere
ABSTRACT While porphyrin-related syntheses have become classic experiments in the undergraduate curriculum, traditional syntheses of the free-base meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) and its metallated derivatives can be energy-intensive, use hazardous solvents, and generate appreciable amounts of waste. In an attempt to make the synthesis of H2TPP and its metallated derivatives (MTPP where M = metal) better aligned with the principles of green chemistry, we optimized a microwave-assisted, microscale synthesis of H2TPP and alternative routes toward the metallation of H2TPP including solvent-substituted reflux and mechanochemical syntheses for the undergraduate teaching laboratory. The greenness of these syntheses were evaluated using various green metrics and qualitative comparison to previously reported syntheses. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"A greener tetraphenylporphyrin synthesis and metallation: an undergraduate teaching experiment","authors":"Matthew A. Nitka, Katarina E. Zerbee, Julianne M. Dee, Matthew A. Cranswick, E. Zovinka, John R. De Backere","doi":"10.1080/17518253.2022.2164700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2022.2164700","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While porphyrin-related syntheses have become classic experiments in the undergraduate curriculum, traditional syntheses of the free-base meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) and its metallated derivatives can be energy-intensive, use hazardous solvents, and generate appreciable amounts of waste. In an attempt to make the synthesis of H2TPP and its metallated derivatives (MTPP where M = metal) better aligned with the principles of green chemistry, we optimized a microwave-assisted, microscale synthesis of H2TPP and alternative routes toward the metallation of H2TPP including solvent-substituted reflux and mechanochemical syntheses for the undergraduate teaching laboratory. The greenness of these syntheses were evaluated using various green metrics and qualitative comparison to previously reported syntheses. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":12768,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74266582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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