Third generation mobile radio systems are currently being deployed in different regions of the world. Future systems beyond the third generation are already under discussion in international bodies and forums such as ITU, WWRF and R&D programmes of the European Union and in other regions. These systems will determine the research and standardisation activities in mobile and wireless communication in the next years. Based on experience of the third generation, future systems will be developed mainly from the user perspective with respect to potential services and applications including traffic demands. Therefore, the Wireless World Research Forum was launched in 2001 as a global and open initiative of manufacturers, network operators, SMEs, R&D centres and the academic domain. WWRF is focused on the vision of such systems - the Wireless World-and potential key technologies. This paper describes the international context of activities on systems beyond third generation, the goals, objectives and structure of WWRF, the user perspective as the starting point for a future system design and the key enabling technologies for the Wireless World.
{"title":"WWRF: The Wireless World Research Forum","authors":"W. Mohr","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020604","url":null,"abstract":"Third generation mobile radio systems are currently being deployed in different regions of the world. Future systems beyond the third generation are already under discussion in international bodies and forums such as ITU, WWRF and R&D programmes of the European Union and in other regions. These systems will determine the research and standardisation activities in mobile and wireless communication in the next years. Based on experience of the third generation, future systems will be developed mainly from the user perspective with respect to potential services and applications including traffic demands. Therefore, the Wireless World Research Forum was launched in 2001 as a global and open initiative of manufacturers, network operators, SMEs, R&D centres and the academic domain. WWRF is focused on the vision of such systems - the Wireless World-and potential key technologies. This paper describes the international context of activities on systems beyond third generation, the goals, objectives and structure of WWRF, the user perspective as the starting point for a future system design and the key enabling technologies for the Wireless World.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127662551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is considered to be a future powerful alternative to the H.323 standard as the signalling system for the dominant Voice over IP (VoIP) communications. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of SIP by describing the SIP protocol stack, summarising the main features of the protocol, and illustrating its architecture, message and operation. The paper also explains the architecture and the two key aspects of signalling interworking when SIP is interconnected with the PSTN.
{"title":"SIP-based VoIP network and its interworking with the PSTN","authors":"Yuan Zhang","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020603","url":null,"abstract":"The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is considered to be a future powerful alternative to the H.323 standard as the signalling system for the dominant Voice over IP (VoIP) communications. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of SIP by describing the SIP protocol stack, summarising the main features of the protocol, and illustrating its architecture, message and operation. The paper also explains the architecture and the two key aspects of signalling interworking when SIP is interconnected with the PSTN.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114616536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Connecting each house to a broadband access network represents an unprecedented opportunity to offer added-value services and broadband Internet access to residential users and expand the customer base beyond the corporate environment. Home networks, however, may be the last barrier to end-to-end multimedia service provisioning. Although a large number of houses have PCs, modems or multimedia network-enabled appliances, the majority are not equipped to support their interconnection, and most consumers are unwilling or cannot afford large-scale home rewiring. This paper reviews the available home-networking technologies and provides a comparison of the competing broadband in-home technologies. The focus is on technologies that do not require rewiring the home, either reusing the existing wiring or using wireless technology. The paper also discusses the residential gateway (RG) initiative, which provides a single point of convergence between the in-home and the access networks.
{"title":"A comparison of competing broadband in-home technologies","authors":"T. Zahariadis, K. Pramataris, N. Zervos","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020401","url":null,"abstract":"Connecting each house to a broadband access network represents an unprecedented opportunity to offer added-value services and broadband Internet access to residential users and expand the customer base beyond the corporate environment. Home networks, however, may be the last barrier to end-to-end multimedia service provisioning. Although a large number of houses have PCs, modems or multimedia network-enabled appliances, the majority are not equipped to support their interconnection, and most consumers are unwilling or cannot afford large-scale home rewiring. This paper reviews the available home-networking technologies and provides a comparison of the competing broadband in-home technologies. The focus is on technologies that do not require rewiring the home, either reusing the existing wiring or using wireless technology. The paper also discusses the residential gateway (RG) initiative, which provides a single point of convergence between the in-home and the access networks.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127216446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New methodologies, engineering processes and support environments are beginning to emerge for embedded signal-processing systems. The main objectives are to enable industry to field state-of-the-art products in less time and with lower costs, including retrofits and upgrades, based predominantly on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components and the model-year concept. One of the cornerstones of the new methodologies is the concept of rapid prototyping. This is the ability to rapidly and seamlessly move from functional design, to architectural design, to implementation, through automatic code generation tools, onto real-time COTS test beds. This paper tries to quantify the term 'rapid' and provides results-metrics-from two independent benchmarks: a radar and sonar beamforming application subset. The metrics show that the rapid prototyping process may be 16 times faster than a conventional process.
{"title":"How rapid is rapid prototyping","authors":"B. Madahar, Ian D. Alston","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020403","url":null,"abstract":"New methodologies, engineering processes and support environments are beginning to emerge for embedded signal-processing systems. The main objectives are to enable industry to field state-of-the-art products in less time and with lower costs, including retrofits and upgrades, based predominantly on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components and the model-year concept. One of the cornerstones of the new methodologies is the concept of rapid prototyping. This is the ability to rapidly and seamlessly move from functional design, to architectural design, to implementation, through automatic code generation tools, onto real-time COTS test beds. This paper tries to quantify the term 'rapid' and provides results-metrics-from two independent benchmarks: a radar and sonar beamforming application subset. The metrics show that the rapid prototyping process may be 16 times faster than a conventional process.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126687014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The software programmable multiprocessor architecture has been employed extensively over the past two decades for embedded signal-processing applications. However, the increased complexity of such systems has, in many cases, required the use of hardware acceleration to meet the growing time-critical aspects of the design. Today's field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) offer an alternative or additional acceleration platform, especially to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). However, the traditional low-level development methods, such as schematic capture or hardware description languages (HDLs), employed to implement these hardware accelerated parts of the design result in a design lifecycle mismatch between the rapid development techniques available for the software programmable parts. This paper presents high-level design languages that enable users to generate netlists for FPGAs directly from high-level C-like languages, thereby offering an equivalent programming solution to that available with microprocessors. It details how one of these languages can be integrated into a high-level design flow for the rapid development of heterogeneous embedded signal-processing systems and presents results from a benchmark.
{"title":"From C to netlists: hardware engineering for software engineers?","authors":"Ian D. Alston, B. Madahar","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020404","url":null,"abstract":"The software programmable multiprocessor architecture has been employed extensively over the past two decades for embedded signal-processing applications. However, the increased complexity of such systems has, in many cases, required the use of hardware acceleration to meet the growing time-critical aspects of the design. Today's field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) offer an alternative or additional acceleration platform, especially to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). However, the traditional low-level development methods, such as schematic capture or hardware description languages (HDLs), employed to implement these hardware accelerated parts of the design result in a design lifecycle mismatch between the rapid development techniques available for the software programmable parts. This paper presents high-level design languages that enable users to generate netlists for FPGAs directly from high-level C-like languages, thereby offering an equivalent programming solution to that available with microprocessors. It details how one of these languages can be integrated into a high-level design flow for the rapid development of heterogeneous embedded signal-processing systems and presents results from a benchmark.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114174062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Future generations of wireless communication systems will be designed with the aim of making the best possible use of the limited radio spectrum in order to further increase throughput as well as user-capacity. In this paper, the application of multicarrier CDMA (code division multiple access) within mobile communication systems is discussed. An overview of the main types of multicarrier spread-spectrum systems is given. The multicarrier CDMA system is described in detail, including its relationship with OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing), its general performance in comparison with direct sequence CDMA and some specific implementation problems. The paper also presents some results comparing the performance of a selection of algorithms that can be used to isolate the individual signal of each user. Potential capacity increases achievable with adaptive loading in time and frequency slots is briefly demonstrated. By allocating users multiple codes, very high data rates can be achieved, and the paper gives a comparison of multicode, multicarrier CDMA with OFDM-based wireless LAN systems.
{"title":"Multicarrier CDMA for future generation mobile communication","authors":"A. McCormick, E. Alsusa","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020202","url":null,"abstract":"Future generations of wireless communication systems will be designed with the aim of making the best possible use of the limited radio spectrum in order to further increase throughput as well as user-capacity. In this paper, the application of multicarrier CDMA (code division multiple access) within mobile communication systems is discussed. An overview of the main types of multicarrier spread-spectrum systems is given. The multicarrier CDMA system is described in detail, including its relationship with OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing), its general performance in comparison with direct sequence CDMA and some specific implementation problems. The paper also presents some results comparing the performance of a selection of algorithms that can be used to isolate the individual signal of each user. Potential capacity increases achievable with adaptive loading in time and frequency slots is briefly demonstrated. By allocating users multiple codes, very high data rates can be achieved, and the paper gives a comparison of multicode, multicarrier CDMA with OFDM-based wireless LAN systems.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115508238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Broadband satellite systems are an integral part of communications technology, aiming to provide a wide range of services to a society that increasingly expects ubiquitous access to broadband telecommunication services. Key drivers behind the development of these systems include rapid growth in the use of the Internet, PC- and TV-based e-commerce and interactive broadcasting services. In the UK, broadband satellite service trials are currently being conducted by BT, amongst others, with a primary objective of providing services to areas where asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) technology has not been deployed. Two key factors for the success of broadband satellite technology lie in the area of overcoming constraints associated with frequency spectrum and orbital resources. This paper provides a review of technologies employed in geostationary (GSO) and nongeostationary (NGSO) satellite networks designed for the provision of broadband services to fixed and portable ground terminals within the 12 to 30 GHz frequency range. After reviewing the system design parameters related to the use of the radio frequency spectrum, consideration is given to the issues involved in sharing spectrum between GSO and NGSO satellite networks.
{"title":"Broadband satellite system technologies for effective use of the 12-30 GHz radio spectrum","authors":"S. Kirtay","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020205","url":null,"abstract":"Broadband satellite systems are an integral part of communications technology, aiming to provide a wide range of services to a society that increasingly expects ubiquitous access to broadband telecommunication services. Key drivers behind the development of these systems include rapid growth in the use of the Internet, PC- and TV-based e-commerce and interactive broadcasting services. In the UK, broadband satellite service trials are currently being conducted by BT, amongst others, with a primary objective of providing services to areas where asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) technology has not been deployed. Two key factors for the success of broadband satellite technology lie in the area of overcoming constraints associated with frequency spectrum and orbital resources. This paper provides a review of technologies employed in geostationary (GSO) and nongeostationary (NGSO) satellite networks designed for the provision of broadband services to fixed and portable ground terminals within the 12 to 30 GHz frequency range. After reviewing the system design parameters related to the use of the radio frequency spectrum, consideration is given to the issues involved in sharing spectrum between GSO and NGSO satellite networks.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127960940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For Part 1 see ibid., vol.14, no.2, p.61-72 (April 2002). Low-frequency radars have the potential to counter stealth efforts and detect low-flying targets beyond the horizon. Part 2 of this paper discusses approaches to target classification and the problems of vulnerability to jamming and operation in a densely populated frequency band. The anti-jamming capabilities of VHF radars are analysed based on measurements conducted with the FHR experimental radar LARISSA and it is demonstrated that electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) with other users of the band can be achieved using a spectral signal-shaping technique. The paper is completed by an overview of possible and existing VHF/UHF radar applications.
{"title":"VHF/UHF radar Part 2: Operational aspects and applications","authors":"H. Kuschel","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020302","url":null,"abstract":"For Part 1 see ibid., vol.14, no.2, p.61-72 (April 2002). Low-frequency radars have the potential to counter stealth efforts and detect low-flying targets beyond the horizon. Part 2 of this paper discusses approaches to target classification and the problems of vulnerability to jamming and operation in a densely populated frequency band. The anti-jamming capabilities of VHF radars are analysed based on measurements conducted with the FHR experimental radar LARISSA and it is demonstrated that electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) with other users of the band can be achieved using a spectral signal-shaping technique. The paper is completed by an overview of possible and existing VHF/UHF radar applications.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115836223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many solutions already exist within the transport and logistics industry to enable goods to be tracked as they move through the supply chain. Most of these solutions are based on proprietary technology, with information only updated at key points along the chain. However, with transportation processes becoming ever more complex, routinely involving multi-mode and multi-carrier scenarios, there is an increasing need for accurate and up-to-date information exchange between carriers and customers. One possible solution that seeks to provide this information has been developed within the European IST (Information Systems Technology) project 'ParcelCall'. This paper covers the background to ParcelCall, describing some of the key functional elements that comprise this real-time tracking and tracing system. In particular it concentrates on the short-range, radio-based intelligent tags that were developed as a core part of the project.
{"title":"Intelligent tagging for transport and logistics: the ParcelCall approach","authors":"A. Davie","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020304","url":null,"abstract":"Many solutions already exist within the transport and logistics industry to enable goods to be tracked as they move through the supply chain. Most of these solutions are based on proprietary technology, with information only updated at key points along the chain. However, with transportation processes becoming ever more complex, routinely involving multi-mode and multi-carrier scenarios, there is an increasing need for accurate and up-to-date information exchange between carriers and customers. One possible solution that seeks to provide this information has been developed within the European IST (Information Systems Technology) project 'ParcelCall'. This paper covers the background to ParcelCall, describing some of the key functional elements that comprise this real-time tracking and tracing system. In particular it concentrates on the short-range, radio-based intelligent tags that were developed as a core part of the project.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127042076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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