Broadcasting within the traditional AM bands is set to change with the introduction of digital broadcasts. Wideband receiver architectures allow many of the advanced functions of standards such as Digital Radio Mondiale to be implemented and upgraded without changing the hardware. This article describes some of the design issues of wideband receivers and the performance of a practical receiver.
{"title":"Wideband receiver for Digital Radio Mondiale","authors":"M. Bradley","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020102","url":null,"abstract":"Broadcasting within the traditional AM bands is set to change with the introduction of digital broadcasts. Wideband receiver architectures allow many of the advanced functions of standards such as Digital Radio Mondiale to be implemented and upgraded without changing the hardware. This article describes some of the design issues of wideband receivers and the performance of a practical receiver.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127152343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The demand for higher and higher quality images transmitted quickly over the Internet has led to a strong need to develop better algorithms for the filtering and coding of such images. The introduction of the JPEG2000 compression standard has meant that for the first time the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is to be used for the decomposition and reconstruction of images together with an efficient coding scheme. The use of wavelets implies the use of subband coding in which the image is iteratively decomposed into high- and low-frequency bands. Thus there is a need for filter pairs at both the analysis and synthesis stages. This paper aims in tutorial form to introduce the DWT, to illustrate its link with filters and filterbanks and to illustrate how it may be used as part of an image coding algorithm. It concludes with a look at the qualitative differences between images coded using JPEG2000 and those coded using the existing JPEG standard.
{"title":"Image compression using wavelets and JPEG2000: a tutorial","authors":"S. Lawson, J. Zhu","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020303","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for higher and higher quality images transmitted quickly over the Internet has led to a strong need to develop better algorithms for the filtering and coding of such images. The introduction of the JPEG2000 compression standard has meant that for the first time the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is to be used for the decomposition and reconstruction of images together with an efficient coding scheme. The use of wavelets implies the use of subband coding in which the image is iteratively decomposed into high- and low-frequency bands. Thus there is a need for filter pairs at both the analysis and synthesis stages. This paper aims in tutorial form to introduce the DWT, to illustrate its link with filters and filterbanks and to illustrate how it may be used as part of an image coding algorithm. It concludes with a look at the qualitative differences between images coded using JPEG2000 and those coded using the existing JPEG standard.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132301847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The explosive growth of the Internet and the subsequent demand for wireless data communications have led to data services being a major component in the standardisation process of many cellular mobile radio systems across the world. In GSM, the standardisation of the first phase of a new data service, initiated by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and collectively known as Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), was finalised in 1999. The Enhanced Circuit Switched Data (ECSD) and Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (EGPRS) components of EDGE will enhance the existing GSM circuit-switched and packet-switched data services, respectively. This paper provides an overview of EGPRS and its performance.
{"title":"An overview of EGPRS: the packet data component of EDGE","authors":"D. Molkdar, W. Featherstone, S. Lambotharan","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020103","url":null,"abstract":"The explosive growth of the Internet and the subsequent demand for wireless data communications have led to data services being a major component in the standardisation process of many cellular mobile radio systems across the world. In GSM, the standardisation of the first phase of a new data service, initiated by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and collectively known as Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), was finalised in 1999. The Enhanced Circuit Switched Data (ECSD) and Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (EGPRS) components of EDGE will enhance the existing GSM circuit-switched and packet-switched data services, respectively. This paper provides an overview of EGPRS and its performance.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122547528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the extensive growth in Internet traffic and increasing emphasis on service quality, one of the most crucial elements of IP backbone network design is to provide resilience to serious failures such as fibre-optic cable breaks. In previous years, the unit of bandwidth granularity for many IP backbone networks has grown from STM-1 (155 Mbit/s) through to STM-16 (2.4 Gbit/s), with STM-64 (10 Gbit/s) backbone circuits becoming prevalent. The increased concentration of traffic makes the IP backbone extremely vulnerable to failure, meaning a key challenge is to engineer embedded resilience into the network. This paper considers such issues and discusses various trade-offs associated with different levels of protection in an IP backbone network.
{"title":"Resilience for IP-over-DWDM backbone networks","authors":"P. Veitch","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020104","url":null,"abstract":"Given the extensive growth in Internet traffic and increasing emphasis on service quality, one of the most crucial elements of IP backbone network design is to provide resilience to serious failures such as fibre-optic cable breaks. In previous years, the unit of bandwidth granularity for many IP backbone networks has grown from STM-1 (155 Mbit/s) through to STM-16 (2.4 Gbit/s), with STM-64 (10 Gbit/s) backbone circuits becoming prevalent. The increased concentration of traffic makes the IP backbone extremely vulnerable to failure, meaning a key challenge is to engineer embedded resilience into the network. This paper considers such issues and discusses various trade-offs associated with different levels of protection in an IP backbone network.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116882736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Third generation (3G) mobile communication systems are now just starting to be introduced. With a maximum data rate of 2 Mbit/s they will make wireless access to broadband data services like the Internet or video applications feasible. Most of the different physical layer technologies summarised under the acronym 3G are based on wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA), in contrast to existing second generation systems, which mostly use TDMA and FDMA. This has severe consequences for the design of the transceiver front-ends. During standardisation these were assumed to have an adequate RF performance yet they still present a performance bottleneck for the system. Starting with a short introduction to UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)-the 3G standard to be deployed in Europe and already operating in Japan-this paper describes by way of example some of the test cases specified for UMTS and their impact on the analogue front-end. It is shown that accurate simulation of all the analogue and digital signal processing is necessary in order to predict the RF performance needed of today's commercial RFICs. The paper then presents and reviews some actual design examples. Finally, possible technologies and techniques for application in future mobile terminals are discussed.
{"title":"RF microelectronics for W-CDMA mobile communication systems","authors":"A. Springer, R. Weigel","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020301","url":null,"abstract":"Third generation (3G) mobile communication systems are now just starting to be introduced. With a maximum data rate of 2 Mbit/s they will make wireless access to broadband data services like the Internet or video applications feasible. Most of the different physical layer technologies summarised under the acronym 3G are based on wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA), in contrast to existing second generation systems, which mostly use TDMA and FDMA. This has severe consequences for the design of the transceiver front-ends. During standardisation these were assumed to have an adequate RF performance yet they still present a performance bottleneck for the system. Starting with a short introduction to UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)-the 3G standard to be deployed in Europe and already operating in Japan-this paper describes by way of example some of the test cases specified for UMTS and their impact on the analogue front-end. It is shown that accurate simulation of all the analogue and digital signal processing is necessary in order to predict the RF performance needed of today's commercial RFICs. The paper then presents and reviews some actual design examples. Finally, possible technologies and techniques for application in future mobile terminals are discussed.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122978837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low-frequency radars have the potential to counter stealth efforts and detect low-flying targets beyond the horizon. This paper gives an overview of the fundamental properties of radars at metric wavelengths, based on research over the past few years conducted at the German Research Institute for High-Frequency Physics and Radar Techniques (FGAN-FHR). It provides an analysis of radar cross-section to underline the anti-stealth properties of the low-frequency range and presents simulations as well as measurement results to demonstrate the beyond-the-horizon detection and foliage penetration capability of metric waves. Specific clutter properties are highlighted.
{"title":"VHF/UHF radar. Part 1: Characteristics","authors":"H. Kuschel","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020203","url":null,"abstract":"Low-frequency radars have the potential to counter stealth efforts and detect low-flying targets beyond the horizon. This paper gives an overview of the fundamental properties of radars at metric wavelengths, based on research over the past few years conducted at the German Research Institute for High-Frequency Physics and Radar Techniques (FGAN-FHR). It provides an analysis of radar cross-section to underline the anti-stealth properties of the low-frequency range and presents simulations as well as measurement results to demonstrate the beyond-the-horizon detection and foliage penetration capability of metric waves. Specific clutter properties are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132148464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) is a system that promises to reinvigorate the use of the broadcasting bands below 30 MHz. It offers a dramatic improvement in audio quality, not only improving the audio bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio, but also countering the effects of selective fading and audible interference from other stations. It is also designed to support various features that will make receiver operation more user-friendly. This article describes the basic 'mechanics' of DRM and its features, which include station identification, alternative frequency lists and support for time-varying frequency schedules-of particular importance in HF broadcasting.
{"title":"Digital Radio Mondiale: key technical features","authors":"J. Stott","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020101","url":null,"abstract":"Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) is a system that promises to reinvigorate the use of the broadcasting bands below 30 MHz. It offers a dramatic improvement in audio quality, not only improving the audio bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio, but also countering the effects of selective fading and audible interference from other stations. It is also designed to support various features that will make receiver operation more user-friendly. This article describes the basic 'mechanics' of DRM and its features, which include station identification, alternative frequency lists and support for time-varying frequency schedules-of particular importance in HF broadcasting.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"429 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126091330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Autonomic computing: the next era of computing","authors":"E. Mainsah","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116857512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A semi-automatic method for the detection and tracking of buried pipelines under a variety of surface coverages is presented and its performance in experiments reported. In high 1 m resolution aerial or satellite images, the buried structures manifest themselves as bands a few pixels wide having contrast and texture changes of the overground growth. Some statistical nonlinear filters are proposed for the detection of such wide linear features, and they are used for the detection of pipeline routes. The pipeline routes are then tracked by exploiting their lateral continuity.
{"title":"Buried pipeline mapping from satellite images","authors":"M. Petrou, I. Gracia","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20020402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20020402","url":null,"abstract":"A semi-automatic method for the detection and tracking of buried pipelines under a variety of surface coverages is presented and its performance in experiments reported. In high 1 m resolution aerial or satellite images, the buried structures manifest themselves as bands a few pixels wide having contrast and texture changes of the overground growth. Some statistical nonlinear filters are proposed for the detection of such wide linear features, and they are used for the detection of pipeline routes. The pipeline routes are then tracked by exploiting their lateral continuity.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124013442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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