The Bluetooth/sup TM/ industry has set itself an ambitious goal of just $5 for the implementation of a complete receiver/transmitter, including its DSP-based subsystem and associated ROM and RAM. Although this is unlikely to be realised until Bluetooth wireless technology has achieved considerable market penetration and gained economy of scale through very high volume production, some manufacturers appear to be closer to this goal than others. CSR, for example, had shipped over 1 million of its BlueCore single-chip Bluetooth radios by June this year, and 48% of all Bluetooth equipped end-user products on the market now contain this chip. This article takes a look at some of the design techniques that CSR has employed to reduce cost as much as possible, and outlines some of the issues that are likely to affect how quickly the market ramps up.
{"title":"Reducing the cost of Bluetooth systems","authors":"M. Phillips","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20010502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20010502","url":null,"abstract":"The Bluetooth/sup TM/ industry has set itself an ambitious goal of just $5 for the implementation of a complete receiver/transmitter, including its DSP-based subsystem and associated ROM and RAM. Although this is unlikely to be realised until Bluetooth wireless technology has achieved considerable market penetration and gained economy of scale through very high volume production, some manufacturers appear to be closer to this goal than others. CSR, for example, had shipped over 1 million of its BlueCore single-chip Bluetooth radios by June this year, and 48% of all Bluetooth equipped end-user products on the market now contain this chip. This article takes a look at some of the design techniques that CSR has employed to reduce cost as much as possible, and outlines some of the issues that are likely to affect how quickly the market ramps up.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129313981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Bluetooth/sup TM/ wireless technology is a cable replacement technology that exploits the wireless interconnectivity that is possible with radio. Bluetooth chips are already available and early applications include cordless connections from mobile phones to laptop computers and wireless headsets. Even if only 10% of mobile phones and computers were to incorporate Bluetooth chips, then the technology would achieve the critical mass necessary for chip prices to fall below $5 and for the standard to become firmly established in the market-place. It is expected that Bluetooth products will be present in the home, where applications will include: conversion of the humble cellphone to a short-range cordless handset; providing a link from a PC to the Internet; home automation and cable replacement; toys and white goods. This paper introduces the Bluetooth wireless technology and its applications and provides a concise description of its air interface and protocol stack.
{"title":"Bluetooth wireless technology in the home","authors":"R. Shepherd","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20010501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20010501","url":null,"abstract":"The Bluetooth/sup TM/ wireless technology is a cable replacement technology that exploits the wireless interconnectivity that is possible with radio. Bluetooth chips are already available and early applications include cordless connections from mobile phones to laptop computers and wireless headsets. Even if only 10% of mobile phones and computers were to incorporate Bluetooth chips, then the technology would achieve the critical mass necessary for chip prices to fall below $5 and for the standard to become firmly established in the market-place. It is expected that Bluetooth products will be present in the home, where applications will include: conversion of the humble cellphone to a short-range cordless handset; providing a link from a PC to the Internet; home automation and cable replacement; toys and white goods. This paper introduces the Bluetooth wireless technology and its applications and provides a concise description of its air interface and protocol stack.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"36 suppl 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125689456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Turbo-codes have attracted a great deal of interest since their discovery in 1993. This paper reviews the reasons for this, in particular their attainment of the ultimate limits of the capacity of a communication channel. The paper describes the two fundamental concepts on which they are based: concatenated coding and iterative decoding. This latter is the real 'turbo-principle', which is the real secret of their remarkable performance. The paper also reviews the direction of research in this area since 1993, and shows that, far from bringing coding research to an end, turbo-codes have led to a renaissance. In particular, other applications of the 'turbo-principle' have emerged, and these are discussed, along with the practical applications of turbo-codes that have appeared, from mobile radio to deep-space exploration.
{"title":"Turbo-codes: the ultimate error control codes?","authors":"A. Burr","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20010402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20010402","url":null,"abstract":"Turbo-codes have attracted a great deal of interest since their discovery in 1993. This paper reviews the reasons for this, in particular their attainment of the ultimate limits of the capacity of a communication channel. The paper describes the two fundamental concepts on which they are based: concatenated coding and iterative decoding. This latter is the real 'turbo-principle', which is the real secret of their remarkable performance. The paper also reviews the direction of research in this area since 1993, and shows that, far from bringing coding research to an end, turbo-codes have led to a renaissance. In particular, other applications of the 'turbo-principle' have emerged, and these are discussed, along with the practical applications of turbo-codes that have appeared, from mobile radio to deep-space exploration.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134260113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current avionic systems make extensive use of military specifications and standards but are based on dedicated implementations for individual avionic functions. The result is a proliferation of military devices, software and support environments that are expensive to develop, procure and support. Future systems will be based on integrated modular avionic concepts in which all functions are implemented on a common processing platform constructed from a standard set of hardware and software modules. The paper describes the approach being taken to optimise the application to future modular systems: an architecture based on standardised interfaces will allow modules to be based on commercial components and standards to achieve affordability and exploit rapid advances in commercial technology. At the same time, approaches are being developed to deal with COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) application problems such as short commercial time-scales and loss of control over specifications and standards.
{"title":"The application of COTS technology in future modular avionic systems","authors":"G. Wilcock, T. Totten, A. Gleave, R. Wilson","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20010405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20010405","url":null,"abstract":"Current avionic systems make extensive use of military specifications and standards but are based on dedicated implementations for individual avionic functions. The result is a proliferation of military devices, software and support environments that are expensive to develop, procure and support. Future systems will be based on integrated modular avionic concepts in which all functions are implemented on a common processing platform constructed from a standard set of hardware and software modules. The paper describes the approach being taken to optimise the application to future modular systems: an architecture based on standardised interfaces will allow modules to be based on commercial components and standards to achieve affordability and exploit rapid advances in commercial technology. At the same time, approaches are being developed to deal with COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) application problems such as short commercial time-scales and loss of control over specifications and standards.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127821268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital radio transmission techniques offer the prospect of improved reception compared with analogue signals and are being introduced for radio broadcasting in the short-wave bands. The coding scheme adopted plays an important part in achieving a high quality in the presence of noise and fading, which can be particularly severe for Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) receivers. This paper compares the performance of turbo-codes and punctured convolutional codes over the radio broadcast transmission channels proposed in ITU-R Circular Letter 10/LCCE/39. The results show that the bit error ratio for binary communication over both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels is low for turbo-codes in comparison with that for punctured convolutional codes having the same code rate. This result holds over a wide range of bit energy to noise power ratios. The results, which are evaluated in terms of the efficiency for Gaussian and Rayleigh fading channels, show that system efficiency increases with decreasing code rate.
{"title":"Performance analysis of punctured convolutional codes and turbo-codes","authors":"K. Sayhood, Zhao Ling, W. Nan","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20010403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20010403","url":null,"abstract":"Digital radio transmission techniques offer the prospect of improved reception compared with analogue signals and are being introduced for radio broadcasting in the short-wave bands. The coding scheme adopted plays an important part in achieving a high quality in the presence of noise and fading, which can be particularly severe for Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) receivers. This paper compares the performance of turbo-codes and punctured convolutional codes over the radio broadcast transmission channels proposed in ITU-R Circular Letter 10/LCCE/39. The results show that the bit error ratio for binary communication over both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels is low for turbo-codes in comparison with that for punctured convolutional codes having the same code rate. This result holds over a wide range of bit energy to noise power ratios. The results, which are evaluated in terms of the efficiency for Gaussian and Rayleigh fading channels, show that system efficiency increases with decreasing code rate.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130904981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Thornton, D. Grace, C. Spillard, T. Konefal, T. Tozer
In the present climate of growth in bandwidth-hungry telecommunication applications, wireless infrastructure providers are under continuous pressure to exploit the limited radio spectrum as efficiently as possible. In this context, high-altitude platforms (HAPs) are increasingly being cited as having an important role to play in future systems and applications. They have the potential to exploit many of the best aspects of terrestrial and satellite-based systems, while offering advantageous propagation characteristics. Such platforms may be airships or aircraft and for environmental considerations would ideally be solar powered. This paper reviews some of the studies under the European HeliNet programme-a consortium-led project to develop a pilotless solar-powered aircraft from which broadband communication services could be supported. Millimetre wave antennas and propagation characteristics are discussed in particular.
{"title":"Broadband communications from a high-altitude platform: the European HeliNet programme","authors":"J. Thornton, D. Grace, C. Spillard, T. Konefal, T. Tozer","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20010304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20010304","url":null,"abstract":"In the present climate of growth in bandwidth-hungry telecommunication applications, wireless infrastructure providers are under continuous pressure to exploit the limited radio spectrum as efficiently as possible. In this context, high-altitude platforms (HAPs) are increasingly being cited as having an important role to play in future systems and applications. They have the potential to exploit many of the best aspects of terrestrial and satellite-based systems, while offering advantageous propagation characteristics. Such platforms may be airships or aircraft and for environmental considerations would ideally be solar powered. This paper reviews some of the studies under the European HeliNet programme-a consortium-led project to develop a pilotless solar-powered aircraft from which broadband communication services could be supported. Millimetre wave antennas and propagation characteristics are discussed in particular.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126390147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multimedia databases and MPEG-7","authors":"R. B. Johnson","doi":"10.1049/ecej:20010305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ecej:20010305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"247 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129916229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is an urgent need to extract key information from video automatically for the purposes of indexing, fast retrieval, and scene analysis. To support this vision, reliable scene change detection algorithms must be developed. Several algorithms have been proposed for both sudden and gradual scene change detection in uncompressed and compressed video. In this paper some common algorithms that have been proposed for scene change detection are reviewed. A novel algorithm for sudden scene change detection for MPEG-2 compressed video is then presented. This uses the number of interpolated macroblocks in B-frames to identify the sudden scene changes. A gradual scene change detection algorithm based on statistical features is also presented.
{"title":"Scene change detection algorithms for content-based video indexing and retrieval","authors":"W.A.C. Faernando, C. N. Canagarajah, D. Bull","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20010302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20010302","url":null,"abstract":"There is an urgent need to extract key information from video automatically for the purposes of indexing, fast retrieval, and scene analysis. To support this vision, reliable scene change detection algorithms must be developed. Several algorithms have been proposed for both sudden and gradual scene change detection in uncompressed and compressed video. In this paper some common algorithms that have been proposed for scene change detection are reviewed. A novel algorithm for sudden scene change detection for MPEG-2 compressed video is then presented. This uses the number of interpolated macroblocks in B-frames to identify the sudden scene changes. A gradual scene change detection algorithm based on statistical features is also presented.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130348342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The demand for high-capacity wireless services is bringing increasing challenges, especially for delivery of the “last mile”. Terrestrially, the need for line-of-sight propagation paths represents a constraint unless very large numbers of base-station masts are deployed, while satellite systems have capacity limitations. An emerging solution is offered by high-altitude platforms (HAPs) operating in the stratosphere at altitudes of up to 22 km to provide communication facilities that can exploit the best features of both terrestrial and satellite schemes. This paper outlines the application and features of HAPs, and some specific development programmes. Particular consideration is given to the use of HAPs for delivery of future broadband wireless communications.
{"title":"High-altitude platforms for wireless communications","authors":"T. Tozer, D. Grace","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20010303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20010303","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for high-capacity wireless services is bringing increasing challenges, especially for delivery of the “last mile”. Terrestrially, the need for line-of-sight propagation paths represents a constraint unless very large numbers of base-station masts are deployed, while satellite systems have capacity limitations. An emerging solution is offered by high-altitude platforms (HAPs) operating in the stratosphere at altitudes of up to 22 km to provide communication facilities that can exploit the best features of both terrestrial and satellite schemes. This paper outlines the application and features of HAPs, and some specific development programmes. Particular consideration is given to the use of HAPs for delivery of future broadband wireless communications.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129254899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ten years of technical, commercial and organisational change have impacted profoundly on the traditional broadcast model. Key developments in data compression, storage and transmission technologies over this period have rendered legacy operational methodologies and manual practices of control of broadcast devices outmoded, unreliable and financially untenable. This paper discusses why the migration towards sophisticated, fully-automated multichannel broadcast environments is inevitable if staffing efficiency, revenue generation and consumer satisfaction are to be maximised and maintained, and details the many facets of the design process that must be considered if successful implementation is to result. The issues of video servers, and automation and control are discussed in particular.
{"title":"Automating the digital broadcast process: control, complexity and cost","authors":"M. Meechan","doi":"10.1049/ECEJ:20010301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ECEJ:20010301","url":null,"abstract":"Ten years of technical, commercial and organisational change have impacted profoundly on the traditional broadcast model. Key developments in data compression, storage and transmission technologies over this period have rendered legacy operational methodologies and manual practices of control of broadcast devices outmoded, unreliable and financially untenable. This paper discusses why the migration towards sophisticated, fully-automated multichannel broadcast environments is inevitable if staffing efficiency, revenue generation and consumer satisfaction are to be maximised and maintained, and details the many facets of the design process that must be considered if successful implementation is to result. The issues of video servers, and automation and control are discussed in particular.","PeriodicalId":127784,"journal":{"name":"Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127788445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：