Pub Date : 2019-11-25DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2020-4(1)-114
COVID-19; The first recognized outbreak in Wuhan, China, December 2019 is considered a global threat (1,2) and its mortality rate according to WHO, ranges from 2-3% (3,4). The pregnant woman and her fetus are more susceptible to the poor outcomes of COVID-19, in which fatality rate may reach more than 35%(5,6). More than 90% of infected pregnant women suffering from pneumonia are susceptible to a miscarriage and other several adverse outcomes (4). A case report of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) that occurred due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) accompanied by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (7). A systemic review of seventeen published studies (8) reported several adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes, including stillbirth (1.2%) and fetal distress ( 10.7%). Moreover, one pregnant woman with Covid-19 had a stillbirth, delivered by the cesarean section (CS) according to Liu et al.(7). That occurred after she had a fever and a sore throat at the 34th week of gestation. Her condition worsened and needed to be transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). The only available information about fetal and neonatal results is for women who were infected in their third trimester. It is still unknown whether the infection in the first or second trimester might increase the incidence of fetal and neonatal death(8). We will try to discuss the relation between COVID-19 and IUFD as possible complications via mentioning possible immunological mechanisms and pathologies for that via available data.
{"title":"COVID-19 and Intrauterine Fetal Death (IUFD): Possible Immunological Causes and Pathologies","authors":"","doi":"10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2020-4(1)-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2020-4(1)-114","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19; The first recognized outbreak in Wuhan, China, December 2019 is considered a global threat (1,2) and its mortality rate according to WHO, ranges from 2-3% (3,4). The pregnant woman and her fetus are more susceptible to the poor outcomes of COVID-19, in which fatality rate may reach more than 35%(5,6). More than 90% of infected pregnant women suffering from pneumonia are susceptible to a miscarriage and other several adverse outcomes (4). A case report of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) that occurred due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) accompanied by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (7). \u0000A systemic review of seventeen published studies (8) reported several adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes, including stillbirth (1.2%) and fetal distress ( 10.7%). Moreover, one pregnant woman with Covid-19 had a stillbirth, delivered by the cesarean section (CS) according to Liu et al.(7). That occurred after she had a fever and a sore throat at the 34th week of gestation. Her condition worsened and needed to be transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). The only available information about fetal and neonatal results is for women who were infected in their third trimester. It is still unknown whether the infection in the first or second trimester might increase the incidence of fetal and neonatal death(8). We will try to discuss the relation between COVID-19 and IUFD as possible complications via mentioning possible immunological mechanisms and pathologies for that via available data.","PeriodicalId":127914,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Health Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121277380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-04DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2019-3(1)-106
As fourth year medical students at a London medical school, we have welcomed the new changes to our MBBS curriculum whereby traditional pre-clinical medical students are now being exposed to clinical medicine earlier on. Although we do not directly benefit from this, we feel that an earlier introduction to clinics would have been more beneficial as our first clinical year would have been more productive having already adjusted to clinical medicine.
{"title":"Earlier Introduction to Job Applications for UK Medical Students","authors":"","doi":"10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2019-3(1)-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2019-3(1)-106","url":null,"abstract":"As fourth year medical students at a London medical school, we have welcomed the new changes to our MBBS curriculum whereby traditional pre-clinical medical students are now being exposed to clinical medicine earlier on. Although we do not directly benefit from this, we feel that an earlier introduction to clinics would have been more beneficial as our first clinical year would have been more productive having already adjusted to clinical medicine.","PeriodicalId":127914,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Health Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123509009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-25DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2020-4(1)-131
Diabetes and aging correlate with identical organ and system perturbations which are enhanced by concomitant molecular processes such as cellular senescence. Age represents a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is unclear how senescence contributes to diabetes pathogenesis. Thus, available treatment modalities have not targeted the vital area of the disease. Reversal of untoward features of cellular aging represents a formidable trajectory for novel type 2 diabetes therapies where dissipation of pancreatic beta cells are impaired for insulin secretion. Furthermore, appropriate therapeutic modalities require characterization of defined senescent beta cell populations and the spatiotemporal variations of the expression of senescence genes. Aging is a dynamic public health dilemma in the prevailing demographic transitions in which a vast majority of those from the sixth decade of life increase exponentially in populations. Researchers have attempted to explicate senescence mechanisms via the identification of novel factors which interact with aging and age-related disorders in furtherance of treatment management, quality of life and lifespan regarding diabetes and its complications. An elucidation of the fundamental mechanisms which result in aging and research-oriented focus on healthy aging will mitigate numerous socioeconomic and healthcare encumbrance now and in the future for diabetes mellitus and related conditions.
{"title":"Aging, Cellular Senescence and Diabetes Mellitus: Clinicopathological Correlates, Trends and Targets","authors":"","doi":"10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2020-4(1)-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2020-4(1)-131","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes and aging correlate with identical organ and system perturbations which are enhanced by concomitant molecular processes such as cellular senescence. Age represents a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is unclear how senescence contributes to diabetes pathogenesis. Thus, available treatment modalities have not targeted the vital area of the disease. Reversal of untoward features of cellular aging represents a formidable trajectory for novel type 2 diabetes therapies where dissipation of pancreatic beta cells are impaired for insulin secretion. Furthermore, appropriate therapeutic modalities require characterization of defined senescent beta cell populations and the spatiotemporal variations of the expression of senescence genes. Aging is a dynamic public health dilemma in the prevailing demographic transitions in which a vast majority of those from the sixth decade of life increase exponentially in populations. Researchers have attempted to explicate senescence mechanisms via the identification of novel factors which interact with aging and age-related disorders in furtherance of treatment management, quality of life and lifespan regarding diabetes and its complications. An elucidation of the fundamental mechanisms which result in aging and research-oriented focus on healthy aging will mitigate numerous socioeconomic and healthcare encumbrance now and in the future for diabetes mellitus and related conditions.","PeriodicalId":127914,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Health Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126837740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-006
GCTs are a locally aggressive tumor that can result in significant pain and dysfunction through the disruption of bony and nearby soft tissue architecture. Although generally benign, these tumors have been shown to have 1-9% chance of metastasis and a local recurrence rate of up to 65%. For these reasons, appropriate treatment is essential to remove primary lesions as well as reduce the odds of metastatic disease and lower recurrence rates. Cryosurgery is a welldescribed technique used to achieve local control of primary GCTs. Modern cryoablation utilizes a cryoprobe to freeze surrounding tissues via release of a thermal conducting gas (argonhelium). The optimal technique for eradication of GCT is a widely debated topic rooted in rates of complications and tumor recurrence. Herein, we describe a case report of a 30-year-old female with a large distal femoral GCT that underwent intralesional curettage and adjunctive cryotherapy utilizing K-Y jelly as a semi-solid medium to transmit the freeze zone more evenly within the cavity. Following cryoablation, the cavity was filled with antibiotic loaded polymethyl methacrylate cement. This technique has scarcely been described in the literature and warrants further investigation.
{"title":"Unique Application of K-Y Jelly in Cryotherapy for Giant Cell Tumors of the Distal Femur - A Case Report","authors":"","doi":"10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-006","url":null,"abstract":"GCTs are a locally aggressive tumor that can result in significant pain and dysfunction through the disruption of bony and nearby soft tissue architecture. Although generally benign, these tumors have been shown to have 1-9% chance of metastasis and a local recurrence rate of up to 65%. For these reasons, appropriate treatment is essential to remove primary lesions as well as reduce the odds of metastatic disease and lower recurrence rates. Cryosurgery is a welldescribed technique used to achieve local control of primary GCTs. Modern cryoablation utilizes a cryoprobe to freeze surrounding tissues via release of a thermal conducting gas (argonhelium). The optimal technique for eradication of GCT is a widely debated topic rooted in rates of complications and tumor recurrence. Herein, we describe a case report of a 30-year-old female with a large distal femoral GCT that underwent intralesional curettage and adjunctive cryotherapy utilizing K-Y jelly as a semi-solid medium to transmit the freeze zone more evenly within the cavity. Following cryoablation, the cavity was filled with antibiotic loaded polymethyl methacrylate cement. This technique has scarcely been described in the literature and warrants further investigation.","PeriodicalId":127914,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Health Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115650605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-008
Historical experience in any discipline is invaluable for its future, as the study of the results of previous practice allows you to use and develop on a new level previous successes and achievements, but at the same time avoid the mistakes of the past. Looking from these positions at the state of the problem of acute pneumonia (AP), it seems that this disease, which has more than two and a half thousand years of fame, does not have any worthy results of centuries of experience. This is not just a statement, it is a statement of fact. Today, when a large number of patients with coronavirus pneumonia appeared, it turned out that there is no reasonable treatment for this situation, and its search is conducted in a "combat situation" and actually from a "clean slate". There is no doubt that many experts, after reading such an assessment, immediately parry it, saying that we are talking about a new pathogen, against which there are no specific means yet. But this is only a small part of the circumstances. The fact is that the usual scheme of fighting the pathogen, created over the past decades, has long turned into a leading didactic and practical dogma, replacing a logical scientific and clinically based program of medical care for a specific disease.
{"title":"What the History of Medical Care for Acute Lung Inflammation Teaches Us","authors":"","doi":"10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-008","url":null,"abstract":"Historical experience in any discipline is invaluable for its future, as the study of the results of previous practice allows you to use and develop on a new level previous successes and achievements, but at the same time avoid the mistakes of the past. Looking from these positions at the state of the problem of acute pneumonia (AP), it seems that this disease, which has more than two and a half thousand years of fame, does not have any worthy results of centuries of experience. \u0000\u0000This is not just a statement, it is a statement of fact. Today, when a large number of patients with coronavirus pneumonia appeared, it turned out that there is no reasonable treatment for this situation, and its search is conducted in a \"combat situation\" and actually from a \"clean slate\". There is no doubt that many experts, after reading such an assessment, immediately parry it, saying that we are talking about a new pathogen, against which there are no specific means yet. But this is only a small part of the circumstances. The fact is that the usual scheme of fighting the pathogen, created over the past decades, has long turned into a leading didactic and practical dogma, replacing a logical scientific and clinically based program of medical care for a specific disease.","PeriodicalId":127914,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Health Science","volume":"432 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124255274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-005
Avulsion of teeth is defined as total displacement of the tooth out of its socket. Incidence of avulsion constitutes 0.5 to 16 % of all traumatic injuries in the permanent dentition. Avulsion is more commonly seen in children and young adults, at an age when the alveolar bone is resilient and provides only minimal resistance to extrusive forces The maxillary central incisors are the teeth most commonly affected. Teeth can be avulsed in many trauma situations. Sports and automobile accidents are the most frequent causes. The incidence of avulsion is reported to be less than 3% of all dental injuries. Tooth avulsion is a true dental emergency since timely attention to replantation could save many teeth. Unfortunately, avulsed teeth are usually lost at the accident scene, and both accident victims and those attending them may neglect to consider the value of finding and saving the teeth. This may gradually change as the public continues to become aware of the possibilities that avulsed teeth can be saved. Discussion: Avulsion of permanent teeth is serious problems of dental injuries. The prognosis depends on the measures taken at the place of accident or the time immediately after the avulsions. Treatment for the avulsion teeth is replantation, but it’s not suggested for primary teeth avulsion. It will give a high risk for underlying permanent tooth germs. Replantation is directed at avoiding or minimizing the resultant inflammation which occurs as a direct result of the two main consequences, attachment damage and pulpal infection. Attachment damage may cause by drying, can additionally occur to the periodontal membrane when tooth is out of the mouth. Drying can cause loss of normal physiologic metabolism and morphology of the periodontal ligament cells. The treatment should minimize this damage so that the fewest possible complication result. Conclusion: Clinical success rate of replanted avulsed teeth based on media and time for replantation. Careful examination regardless including radiographs and clinical examination are necessary to help detect possible alveolar fractures or complication. Such fractures of the tooth socket may reduce the prognosis but are not always a contraindication.
{"title":"Tooth Avulsion Replantation Management: A Review Article","authors":"","doi":"10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-005","url":null,"abstract":"Avulsion of teeth is defined as total displacement of the tooth out of its socket. Incidence of avulsion constitutes 0.5 to 16 % of all traumatic injuries in the permanent dentition. Avulsion is more commonly seen in children and young adults, at an age when the alveolar bone is resilient and provides only minimal resistance to extrusive forces The maxillary central incisors are the teeth most commonly affected. Teeth can be avulsed in many trauma situations. Sports and automobile accidents are the most frequent causes. The incidence of avulsion is reported to be less than 3% of all dental injuries. Tooth avulsion is a true dental emergency since timely attention to replantation could save many teeth. Unfortunately, avulsed teeth are usually lost at the accident scene, and both accident victims and those attending them may neglect to consider the value of finding and saving the teeth. This may gradually change as the public continues to become aware of the possibilities that avulsed teeth can be saved. \u0000\u0000Discussion: Avulsion of permanent teeth is serious problems of dental injuries. The prognosis depends on the measures taken at the place of accident or the time immediately after the avulsions. Treatment for the avulsion teeth is replantation, but it’s not suggested for primary teeth avulsion. It will give a high risk for underlying permanent tooth germs. Replantation is directed at avoiding or minimizing the resultant inflammation which occurs as a direct result of the two main consequences, attachment damage and pulpal infection. Attachment damage may cause by drying, can additionally occur to the periodontal membrane when tooth is out of the mouth. Drying can cause loss of normal physiologic metabolism and morphology of the periodontal ligament cells. The treatment should minimize this damage so that the fewest possible complication result. \u0000\u0000Conclusion: Clinical success rate of replanted avulsed teeth based on media and time for replantation. Careful examination regardless including radiographs and clinical examination are necessary to help detect possible alveolar fractures or complication. Such fractures of the tooth socket may reduce the prognosis but are not always a contraindication.","PeriodicalId":127914,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Health Science","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129774341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-009
“Working from home”, which is typically defined as taking your employment work home, has been prevalent during COVID-19 lockdowns, although very little research has focused on working from home or on other home activities even though lockdowns have entailed remaining at home for extended periods. In this Survey Monkey lockdown study, 69% were “working from home”, and that work was related to more paper work, being less bored, less touch deprived and generally less stressed. The other prevalent at home activities included cooking (97% of survey participants), housekeeping (96%), hobbies (82%), paper work (76%), creative projects (71%), and care giving (54%). Total scores on an Activities Scale that included these activities were positively correlated with scores on a Health Scale (that included exercise, touching family members, self-care, and meditating) as well as connecting with friends. These home activities were also associated with more texting and Zoom time and less depression and fatigue. These data, in contrast to other lockdown literature, suggest moderate levels of working from home and engaging in healthy activities during a COVID-19 lockdown.
{"title":"Working from Home and Other Home Activities during a COVID-19 Lockdown","authors":"","doi":"10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-009","url":null,"abstract":"“Working from home”, which is typically defined as taking your employment work home, has been prevalent during COVID-19 lockdowns, although very little research has focused on working from home or on other home activities even though lockdowns have entailed remaining at home for extended periods. In this Survey Monkey lockdown study, 69% were “working from home”, and that work was related to more paper work, being less bored, less touch deprived and generally less stressed. The other prevalent at home activities included cooking (97% of survey participants), housekeeping (96%), hobbies (82%), paper work (76%), creative projects (71%), and care giving (54%). Total scores on an Activities Scale that included these activities were positively correlated with scores on a Health Scale (that included exercise, touching family members, self-care, and meditating) as well as connecting with friends. These home activities were also associated with more texting and Zoom time and less depression and fatigue. These data, in contrast to other lockdown literature, suggest moderate levels of working from home and engaging in healthy activities during a COVID-19 lockdown.","PeriodicalId":127914,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Health Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132609431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-012
Background: The recent spread of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) led to shortage of health care providers in all countries. House officers and medical students may have a role in solving this problem. Objective: The study aims to measure and discuss the readiness of Egyptian house to be part of the health system facing the current COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire was conducted on sample of house officers from different Egyptian universities through announcement on social media groups over a period of one month during May 2020. Results: Nine-hundred seventy four Egyptian house officers participated in this study. Only 38.8% of respondent agreed to be a member of COVID-19 management team, 70.4% of participants depend on social media as a source for their information. The analysis of the results shows that participants significantly need more information about the protective measures and how to report suspected cases. Conclusions: Egyptian house officers need more training before being involved in the health care system for facing COVID-19.
{"title":"Awareness and Preparedness of Egyptian House Officers toward COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"","doi":"10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The recent spread of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) led to shortage of health care providers in all countries. House officers and medical students may have a role in solving this problem. \u0000\u0000Objective: The study aims to measure and discuss the readiness of Egyptian house to be part of the health system facing the current COVID-19 pandemic. \u0000\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire was conducted on sample of house officers from different Egyptian universities through announcement on social media groups over a period of one month during May 2020. \u0000\u0000Results: Nine-hundred seventy four Egyptian house officers participated in this study. Only 38.8% of respondent agreed to be a member of COVID-19 management team, 70.4% of participants depend on social media as a source for their information. The analysis of the results shows that participants significantly need more information about the protective measures and how to report suspected cases. \u0000\u0000Conclusions: Egyptian house officers need more training before being involved in the health care system for facing COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":127914,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Health Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114803002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-010
Plants contain many biologically active compounds that have potential for development as medicinal agents. The study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activities of Gynandropsis gynandra (leaves and stem) and its major bioactive constituents (phytochemicals). The aqueous and ethanol extracts from the leaves and stem of the plant was tested using well Diffusion method for their antimicrobial activity against some members Enterobacteriales family (Escherichia coli, Shigella sp, Klebsiella sp and Salmonella typhi) isolated from diarrheic stool sample from Murtala Muhammad specialist Hospital, Kano. Preliminary phytochemical analyses showed that both stem and leaf extracts contain alkaloids, tannins, terpenoid, Anthraquinones, reducing sugar, amino acid, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, resin and phenols. The result shows that the extracts demonstrated higher antibacterial activity against the isolates tested with the average zone of inhibition of 16.60 mm, 16.54 mm, 14.73 mm and 13.95 mm for Shigella sp, E. coli, Klebsiella sp and S. typhi respectively. The result also demonstrated that leaf extract is more effective than the stem extract. The ethanolic extracts of the plant showed higher zones of inhibition against test organisms (17.74 mm) compared to aqueous extracts (13.15 mm). There is no significant different on the susceptibility of the organisms tested against the extracts at p
{"title":"In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Gynandropsis gynandra on some Pathogenic Enteric Bacterial Isolates","authors":"","doi":"10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-010","url":null,"abstract":"Plants contain many biologically active compounds that have potential for development as medicinal agents. The study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activities of Gynandropsis gynandra (leaves and stem) and its major bioactive constituents (phytochemicals). The aqueous and ethanol extracts from the leaves and stem of the plant was tested using well Diffusion method for their antimicrobial activity against some members Enterobacteriales family (Escherichia coli, Shigella sp, Klebsiella sp and Salmonella typhi) isolated from diarrheic stool sample from Murtala Muhammad specialist Hospital, Kano. Preliminary phytochemical analyses showed that both stem and leaf extracts contain alkaloids, tannins, terpenoid, Anthraquinones, reducing sugar, amino acid, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, resin and phenols. The result shows that the extracts demonstrated higher antibacterial activity against the isolates tested with the average zone of inhibition of 16.60 mm, 16.54 mm, 14.73 mm and 13.95 mm for Shigella sp, E. coli, Klebsiella sp and S. typhi respectively. The result also demonstrated that leaf extract is more effective than the stem extract. The ethanolic extracts of the plant showed higher zones of inhibition against test organisms (17.74 mm) compared to aqueous extracts (13.15 mm). There is no significant different on the susceptibility of the organisms tested against the extracts at p","PeriodicalId":127914,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Health Science","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134005107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-011
Introduction: Gardnerella vaginalis is associated with bacterial vaginosis. Bacterial vaginosis (bacterial vaginosis = BV) is a clinical syndrome due to replacement of Lactobacillus spp. producing hydrogen peroxidase (H2O2) in normal vagina with high concentrations of anaerobic bacteria (eg Bacteroides spp., Mobiluncus spp.), this clinical syndrome also has other names, namely Haemophilus vaginalis vaginitis, nonspecific vaginitis or Gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis. Because the cause of BV is bacteria which are normal vaginal flora, BV is referred to as an endogenous infection in the female reproductive tract. Previous published research on BV has shown disagreements about transmission through sexual contact. Post-puberty women without sexual experience experience BV less frequently than those who have sexual experience. However, longitudinal cohort studies provide evidence that women who have new sexual partners or have multiple sexual partners have an increased incidence of BV.The likelihood that a woman has BV has a 20-fold increase in risk if her partner has BV. This raises the suggestion that it is possible that BV can be transmitted through sexual contact. However, there was no association between the incidence of BV with smoking habits, a history of abnormal Pap smears, menstruation, and menarche. Aim of this article is to review gardnerella vaginalis infection in bacterial vaginosis. Discussion: The presence of sexually transmitted diseases can also increase the risk of bacterial vaginosis. The normal vaginal ecosystem is a complex aspect. Lactobacillius is the dominant bacterial species (normal flora) in the vagina of women of childbearing age, but there are also other bacteria, namely aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. At the time BV appears, there is an overgrowth of some bacterial species which are normally present in low concentrations. Therefore, BV is categorized as an endogenous infection of the female reproductive tract.. Women with positive G. vaginalis cultures do not need routine therapy, unless they have BV symptomatically. All women with symptomatic BV require treatment, including pregnant women. Treatment of BV in pregnant women is to relieve signs and symptoms of vaginal infection, reduce the risk of infectious complications that accompany BV during pregnancy, and decrease other risk factors. Several studies using placebo have shown that treatment of sexual partners of women with BV does not improve clinical outcome of BV or decrease recurrence. Conclusion: BV has a favorable prognosis, and spontaneous improvement is reported in over one-third of cases. With the treatment of metronidazole and clindamycin gave a high cure rate (84 - 96%).Prevention needs to be done to minimize the actions that can be taken to prevent bacterial vaginosis.
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