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Fourteen Centuries of Precautions against COVID-19 十四个世纪的COVID-19预防措施
Pub Date : 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2020-4(1)-152
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was detected in Wuhan, China and spreading all over the world within few months. From a religious point of view, Islam gave teachings to prevent infections and face pandemics 14 centuries ago. These teachings are applied now by the World Health Organization (WHO) to control COVID-19.
冠状病毒病-2019 (COVID-19)在中国武汉被发现,并在几个月内蔓延到世界各地。从宗教的角度来看,伊斯兰教在14个世纪前就传授了预防感染和应对流行病的教义。世界卫生组织(世卫组织)目前正在应用这些教义来控制COVID-19。
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引用次数: 0
Post COVID-19 Effects on Different Body Systems: A Literature Review COVID-19后对不同身体系统的影响:文献综述
Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2020-4(1)-150
In December 2019, there was an outbreak of novel coronavirus 2019 in Wuhan, then spread to other countries. The outbreak of a new coronavirus, termed officially by the world health organization (WHO) coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and the international committee on taxonomy of viruses, has suggested SARSCOV-2 as the name of the virus that causes covid-19 (1-3). It has large numbers of deaths, especially since its first identifications in Wuhan, China. Because of this continuous increase in numbers, the virus has become a focus of many scientists and researchers, so through these studies done on the cases of COVID-19, it is discovered that it isn't just attacking the lungs. Still, it's causing harm to many-body systems, especially in more advanced cases of COVID-19. This is expected for the COVID-19 virus because we also harm many-body systems through our experience in dealing with previous Corona Viruses (SARS AND MERS).
2019年12月,武汉爆发新型冠状病毒2019,然后传播到其他国家。被世界卫生组织(WHO)和国际病毒分类委员会正式命名为COVID-19 (COVID-19)的新型冠状病毒的爆发,建议将导致COVID-19的病毒命名为SARSCOV-2(1-3)。它已经造成大量死亡,特别是在中国武汉首次确诊以来。由于数量的不断增加,该病毒已成为许多科学家和研究人员关注的焦点,因此通过对COVID-19病例进行的这些研究,人们发现它不仅会攻击肺部。尽管如此,它还是会对许多身体系统造成伤害,尤其是在COVID-19晚期病例中。对于COVID-19病毒来说,这是意料之中的,因为我们也通过处理以前的冠状病毒(SARS和中东呼吸综合征)的经验伤害了许多身体系统。
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引用次数: 0
Is it True that the Corona Virus will take a Few Years to Get Completely Eradicated? 冠状病毒真的需要几年时间才能完全根除吗?
Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2020-4(1)-149
Lots of hope but also illusions. It all depends on the future vaccine [1]that will allow human protection against the Corona (COVID 19) disease. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, termed COVID-19, is multifactorial and associated with both specific antiviral as well as inflammatory responses, the extent of which may determine why some individuals are asymptomatic while others develop serious complications. Here we review possible life-threatening immune events that may occur during disease progression to uncover key factors behind COVID-19 severity and provide suggestions for interventions with repurposed drugs in well-controlled and randomized clinical trials. These drugs include therapeutics with potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells such as serine protease inhibitors of the TMPS2 cellular protease and drugs targeting the renin-angiotensin system; antivirals with potential to block SARS-CoV-2 replication or factors that could boost the antiviral response; monoclonal antibodies targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines that drive the hyper inflammatory response during COVID-19 progression toward the severe stage and therapeutics that could ameliorate the function of the lungs. Furthermore, in order to help make more informed decisions on the timing of the intervention with the drugs listed in this review, we have grouped these therapeutics according to the stage of COVID-19 progression that we considered most appropriate for their mechanism of action.[2]
希望和幻想并存。这一切都取决于未来的疫苗[1],它将使人类免受冠状病毒(COVID - 19)疾病的侵害。由SARS-CoV-2引起的疾病被称为COVID-19,是多因素的,与特定的抗病毒反应和炎症反应有关,其程度可能决定了为什么有些人无症状,而另一些人则出现严重并发症。在此,我们回顾了在疾病进展过程中可能发生的危及生命的免疫事件,以揭示COVID-19严重程度背后的关键因素,并在对照良好的随机临床试验中为重新定位药物的干预提供建议。这些药物包括可能抑制SARS-CoV-2进入宿主细胞的治疗药物,如TMPS2细胞蛋白酶的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂和靶向肾素-血管紧张素系统的药物;有可能阻断SARS-CoV-2复制的抗病毒药物或可能增强抗病毒反应的因素;针对在COVID-19进展到严重阶段期间驱动超炎症反应的促炎细胞因子的单克隆抗体和可以改善肺功能的治疗方法。此外,为了帮助更明智地决定使用本综述中列出的药物进行干预的时机,我们根据我们认为最适合其作用机制的COVID-19进展阶段对这些治疗方法进行了分组
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引用次数: 0
Boredom and Psychological Problems during a COVID-19 Lockdown COVID-19封锁期间的无聊和心理问题
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2020-4(1)-148
Boredom has been related to anxiety and depression in the pre-COVID-19 literature. In this COVID-19 lockdown Survey Monkey study, as many as 68% of 260 respondents reported feeling bored. Correlation analyses suggested that feeling bored was significantly correlated with several demographic variables and virtually every item on every scale of the survey. The demographic correlations suggested that boredom occurred more frequently in males, in those with less schooling, in those not working at home during the lockdown, and in those who were lacking a routine. The significant correlations for the scales suggested that those feeling bored engaged in fewer health activities like exercise, self-care and meditating; they spent more time on social media including gaming and Facebook; they engaged in less creative work and hobbies; they scored higher on the Stress Scale including worrying more about the virus and their finances; they reported feeling more isolated, lonely and touch deprived; and they had higher scores on anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and PTSD scales. A regression analysis suggested that 49% of the variance in the boredom scores was explained by stress scale scores. These results are limited by their being self-reported data from a non-representative, cross-sectional sample. Nonetheless, they highlight the negative effects of feeling bored during a COVID-19 lockdown.
在covid -19之前的文献中,无聊与焦虑和抑郁有关。在这项COVID-19封锁调查猴子研究中,260名受访者中多达68%的人表示感到无聊。相关分析表明,感觉无聊与几个人口统计变量以及几乎每个调查尺度上的每一项都有显著关联。人口统计学上的相关性表明,无聊在男性、受教育程度较低的人、在封锁期间不在家工作的人以及缺乏日常生活的人身上发生得更频繁。这些量表之间的显著相关性表明,感到无聊的人较少参与锻炼、自我保健和冥想等健康活动;他们花在社交媒体上的时间更多,包括游戏和Facebook;他们从事的创造性工作和爱好较少;他们在压力量表上得分更高,包括更多地担心病毒和他们的财务状况;他们报告说,他们感到更加孤立、孤独和缺乏接触;他们在焦虑、抑郁、疲劳、睡眠障碍和创伤后应激障碍量表上得分更高。一项回归分析表明,无聊得分中49%的差异可以用压力量表得分来解释。这些结果受到来自非代表性横断面样本的自我报告数据的限制。尽管如此,他们强调了在COVID-19封锁期间感到无聊的负面影响。
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引用次数: 2
Frequency and Predictors of Tonsil Surgery: A Systematic Review of Evidence 扁桃体手术的频率和预测因素:证据的系统回顾
Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2020-4(1)-147
Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are common procedures, performed typically on children. Evidence suggests that these procedures may be associated with health conditions, as well as with demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. This review examines worldwide evidence related to the frequency and predictors of tonsil surgery for all age groups. Using PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid Cochrane, a systematic review was conducted which retrieved 11 relevant articles. This review suggests that tonsil surgery is associated with age, geographical region of residence, and race. Further studies to evaluate factors associated with tonsil surgery will provide more information regarding the frequency of tonsil surgery, as well as the disparities in incidence of the surgery among different population groups.
扁桃体切除术和腺样体切除术是常见的手术,通常在儿童身上进行。有证据表明,这些手术可能与健康状况以及人口、社会经济和环境因素有关。本综述检查了世界范围内所有年龄组扁桃体手术频率和预测因素的证据。利用PubMed、Web of Science和Ovid Cochrane进行系统综述,检索到11篇相关文章。本综述提示扁桃体手术与年龄、居住地理区域和种族有关。进一步研究评估扁桃体手术相关因素将提供更多关于扁桃体手术频率的信息,以及不同人群之间手术发生率的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Prevention, Control and Treatment Strategies for Trypanosomiasis: A Review 锥虫病的预防、控制和治疗策略综述
Pub Date : 2020-10-28 DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2020-4(1)-146
Tryponosomiasis is a disease that afflicts populations in rural Africa, where the tsetse fly vector that transmits the causative trypanosome parasites thrives. There are two forms of Human African Trypanosomosis (HAT): one, known as gambiense HAT, is endemic in West and Central Africa and causes over 95% of current cases; the other, known as rhodesiense HAT, is endemic in East and southern Africa and accounts for the remainder of cases. The presence of parasites in the brain leads to progressive neurological breakdown. Changes to sleep–wake patterns are among the symptoms that characterize the disease, also known as “sleeping sickness”. Eventually, patients fall into a coma and die if not treated. Different treatments are available against parasites present in the haemo-lymphatic system (first-stage) and those that have entered the brain (second-stage). Currently, lumbar puncture is required to select the appropriate drug. The paper was aimed to review the prevention and treatment strategies for tryponosomiasis.
锥虫病是一种折磨非洲农村人口的疾病,在那里传播致病性锥虫寄生虫的采采蝇媒介大量存在。非洲人类锥虫病有两种形式:一种是冈比亚锥虫病,在西非和中非流行,目前95%以上的病例是由它引起的;另一种称为罗得西亚病,是非洲东部和南部的地方病,占其余病例的比例。大脑中寄生虫的存在会导致进行性神经系统崩溃。睡眠-觉醒模式的改变是这种疾病的特征之一,也被称为“昏睡病”。最终,患者会陷入昏迷,如果不及时治疗就会死亡。针对存在于血液淋巴系统中的寄生虫(第一阶段)和已经进入大脑的寄生虫(第二阶段)有不同的治疗方法。目前,腰椎穿刺需要选择合适的药物。本文就锥虫病的防治策略作一综述。
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引用次数: 0
Examining Constraints to Sport Participation among Immigrant Adolescent Girls who reside in the Greater Toronto Area 检视居住在大多伦多地区的移民少女参与体育运动的限制因素
Pub Date : 2020-10-23 DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2020-4(1)-145
Despite numerous benefits associated with sport, rates of sport participation are low among adolescent girls. Although research has documented this decline, it tends to ignore diverse samples such as immigrants. This study examined constraints to sport participation among immigrant adolescent girls who reside in the Greater Toronto Area. Guided by Newell’s theory of constraints, a secondary analysis was conducted on survey responses from 90 participants. Constraints found among immigrant girls included family sport participation, friends encouragement, belief that certain sports were not for girls and physical intensity. Additionally, findings showed that immigrant girls face more environmental constraints compared to those who did not immigrate. Information gathered highlights constraints among this sample which may aid in informing future programs.
尽管体育运动有许多好处,但青春期女孩的体育参与率很低。尽管研究记录了这种下降,但它往往忽略了移民等不同样本。本研究考察了居住在大多伦多地区的移民少女参与体育运动的制约因素。在Newell的约束理论指导下,对90名参与者的调查反馈进行了二次分析。在移民女孩中发现的制约因素包括家庭参与体育运动、朋友鼓励、认为某些运动不适合女孩以及身体强度。此外,研究结果表明,与未移民的女孩相比,移民女孩面临更多的环境限制。收集到的信息突出了样本中的约束条件,这可能有助于为未来的计划提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of COVID-19 on Telemedicine COVID-19对远程医疗的影响
Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2020-4(1)-144
With the improvement of telecommunication and computer technology, telemedicine has been deployed to meet the clinical needs of patients and providers, primarily in the areas of mental health, chronic disease management, and patient education. Most comprehensive healthcare systems developed infrastructures that have allowed them to provide telemedicine services to their patients for over a decade. Veteran Affairs (VA) Healthcare Systems has been at the forefront of delivering healthcare through telemedicine, but the adoption by patients and providers had been slow until the advent of COVID-19. The aim of this study is to understand the ethnographies of the impact of COVID-19 on telemedicine through the data in a large VA medical center. It also explores the impact of COVID-19 on telemedicine in clinical and social economical dimensions in different specialties and clinical settings.
随着电信和计算机技术的改进,已经部署了远程医疗,以满足患者和提供者的临床需要,主要是在心理健康、慢性病管理和患者教育领域。十多年来,大多数综合性医疗保健系统都开发了基础设施,使它们能够向患者提供远程医疗服务。退伍军人事务部(VA)医疗保健系统一直处于通过远程医疗提供医疗保健的前沿,但在COVID-19出现之前,患者和提供者采用远程医疗的速度很慢。本研究的目的是通过VA大型医疗中心的数据了解COVID-19对远程医疗影响的民族志。报告还探讨了COVID-19在不同专科和临床环境中对远程医疗的临床和社会经济影响。
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引用次数: 0
Current Status and Prevention of COVID-19What Do We Know? COVID-19的现状和预防我们知道什么?
Pub Date : 2020-10-11 DOI: 10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2020-4(1)-143
COVID-19 spread across the world, like a wildfire during the first half of the year 2020. It coincided with the flu season in countries located in northern and southern latitudes, during their respective winter periods. Whereas in the middle east, during its summertime people develop hypovitaminosis D, when people completely avoid the sun due to extreme heat. Consequently, people stay away from the hot sun and consequently, vitamin D concertation and the innate immunity reduce, increaseing the risks of acquiring respiratory viral infections. Thus, it is not necessary the low temperature and high humidity but the lack of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) B rays from the sunlight that reduces the population vitamin D concentration, which weakens the immunity, thereby increasing the risk of contracting COVID-19, and to develop associated complications and deaths. The effective public health modes for prevention of COVID-19 includes, wearing face masks properly covering nose and mouth, avoid crowd gatherings, especially in enclosed spaces, washing hands each time returned to office or home, and having a balance diet with adequate micronutrients, and these use of UVC lamps. At present there is no specific antiviral, or safe, effective, and affordable vaccine against COVID-19; it is unlikely such would materialize during the year 2020 or even beyond. At present, the only proven intervention that prevent COVID-19 and reduces its complications and deaths is vitamin D.
2019冠状病毒病在2020年上半年像野火一样在全球蔓延。它恰逢南北纬度国家的流感季节,处于各自的冬季。而在中东,在夏季,由于极端炎热,人们完全避免晒太阳,人们患上维生素D缺乏症。因此,人们远离炎热的太阳,维生素D浓度和先天免疫力下降,增加了感染呼吸道病毒的风险。因此,降低人群维生素D浓度,从而削弱免疫力,从而增加感染COVID-19的风险,并发生相关并发症和死亡的风险,并不是低温和高湿,而是缺乏阳光中的紫外线(UV) B射线照射。预防COVID-19的有效公共卫生模式包括:戴口罩遮住口鼻,避免人群聚集,特别是在封闭空间,每次回到办公室或家中都要洗手,均衡饮食,摄入足够的微量营养素,以及使用紫外线灯。目前还没有针对COVID-19的特异性抗病毒疫苗或安全、有效和负担得起的疫苗;在2020年甚至更晚的时间里,这种情况不太可能实现。目前,预防COVID-19并减少其并发症和死亡的唯一经证实的干预措施是维生素D。
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引用次数: 0
Multimorbidity, Drug Combinations, Spike Epitopes and Fast Testing as Central Factors in COVID-19 Treatments 多发病、药物联合、刺突表位和快速检测是COVID-19治疗的核心因素
Pub Date : 2020-10-09 DOI: 10.31829/10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2020-4(1)-142
Since December 2019 almost 20 million infected and 1000,000 deaths. Today we hear the at the USA president Mr. Donald Trump (age 74) has contracted the corona disease. The Hard acute breathing Distress Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported worldwide. Even though Coronary artery disease (COVID-19) Respiratory complications Were the most common and life-threatening, there Frequent reports of central and peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement. It was thought that the elderly are more vulnerable to the disease, which turns out as wrong.
自2019年12月以来,近2000万人感染,10万人死亡。今天,我们听说美国总统唐纳德·特朗普(74岁)感染了冠状病毒。SARS-CoV-2在世界各地都有报道。尽管冠状动脉疾病(COVID-19)呼吸系统并发症是最常见和危及生命的,但经常有中枢和周围神经系统(PNS)受累的报道。人们认为老年人更容易患这种疾病,但事实证明这是错误的。
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引用次数: 0
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Archives of Health Science
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