Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology最新文献

When CO₂ saline aquifer storage is carried out, the heterogeneity of reservoir rock is an important factor affecting CO₂ transport, and the reservoir heterogeneity in numerical simulations is mainly manifested as the heterogeneity of the parameter field. Since the parameter distributions across the reservoir are not available with the existing probes, the stochastic finite element method is combined with a two-phase flow model to establish an unconditional random field of permeability, and computations are performed using the Monte Carlo method. The permeability, CO₂ maximum migration distance (M_d) and CO₂ sweep area (S_a) were analyzed for mutual correlation. The permeability correlation area affecting M_d and S_a was obtained, and the changes in the correlation area under the coefficient of variation (C_v) and correlation length (λ_x) of the permeability field in the different reservoirs were analyzed. The kriging superposition approach (KSA) was subsequently used to estimate both the M_d and S_a of the target reservoir by establishing conditional random fields based on the sampling parameters in regions with different correlations, resulting in errors of 0.66% for M_d and 0.96% for S_a in the high correlation region and 4.86% and 3.12% for M_d and S_a in the low correlation region, which suggested that the sampling results from the high correlation region were less biased in the estimation. Under limited sampling conditions, it is recommended that samples be collected in regions with high correlations to reduce the uncertainty of CO₂ transport analysis due to unknown heterogeneity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Calcium-looping dry reforming of methane (CaL-DRM) strategy mainly relies on novel Ni/CaO-based dual-functional materials, in which its microscopic mechanism remains to be further explored. In this work, molecular simulation of the adsorption and dissociation processes of CO₂ was performed on the surface of Ni/CaO dual-functional materials (DFMs) based on density functional theory (DFT). The analyses of electron density, partial density of states, and formation energy suggest that the Ni/CaO model has higher stability and activity than the CaO model. The analyses of the evolution of chemical bonds, adsorption energy, density of states, and charge population after the adsorption of CO₂ on the CaO surface and Ni/CaO shows that the modification with Ni made the adsorption of CO₂ on Ni/CaO more stable. The transient calculations indicate that the path with the lowest activation energy is the H-mediated dissociation path of chemisorption carboxyl COOH* as an intermediate, which is the possible dissociation path of CO₂ on the surface of Ni/CaO DFMs. The dissociation of COOH* into CO* and OH* is the rate-controlling step of the reaction. The DFT results demonstrate that the doping of Ni during the preparation of CaO materials can realize and enhance the CaL-DRM processes, which provide a theoretical basis for the optimum preparation of Ni/CaO-based DFMs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This study underscores the critical role of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and addresses the potential for CCS projects in saline aquifers in Brazil, one of the world's largest carbon emitters. The country's ability to adopt CCS is significantly influenced by the availability of data related to regional CO₂ storage potential and identifying suitable geological framework for CO₂ injection. While oil and gas reservoirs have traditionally been prioritized, saline aquifers represent an underexplored and potentially higher capacity storage option. Despite Brazil's 31 sedimentary basins, the data quantity and availability for these contexts remain insufficient for advanced studies on the geological storage of CO₂ considering saline aquifers. An initial study was conducted indicating five potential targets in the Paraná and Potiguar Basins for geological storage in saline aquifers based on available public data, mainly drilling data. This review reveals substantial challenges related to the evaluation of Brazil's CO₂ storage capacity, such as the lack of modern seismic studies, the absence of a regulatory framework for CO₂ storage, and insufficient investment in new well exploration. These challenges necessitate multistakeholder collaboration, the development of a supportive regulatory environment, and investment in extensive site characterization campaigns. Addressing these barriers is fundamental to realizing the country's CCS potential and contributing to global decarbonization efforts. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This study examines the potential of Midcontinent Rift rocks to facilitate long-term CO₂ sequestration by providing the necessary Ca and Mg for carbonate mineralization. Surface samples were collected from the Oronto and Bayfield-Jacobsville Groups around Lake Superior and used for petrography and X-ray diffraction to determine their mineral composition. Also, X-ray fluorescence was also used to assess their bulk chemical composition. The samples were then exposed to CO₂ and deionized water in Teflon-lined vessels at 90°C, and the resulting leachate fluids were analyzed for the cation released during the testing. SEM microscopy was used to examine the samples for potential mineralization of carbonate minerals. The Oronto Group sediments consist primarily of feldspathic to feldspathic lithic arenites with a chlorite-dominated matrix, and the primary porosity is blocked by calcite and hematite cement. The Bayfield–Jacobsville sequences are porous quartz arenites to feldspathic quartz arenites that do not contain significant accumulation of Ca-, Mg-, and Fe-bearing minerals. The leachate fluids obtained from Oronto Group samples exhibit a maximum Ca release rate (5.2 × 10⁻⁴ mole/cm².day), indicating rapid calcite cement dissolution and increased porosity and permeability. SEM/EDS microanalysis revealed areas where pore-filling calcite was preferentially dissolved. Longer-term rock-water reactions resulted in induced carbonate mineralization, as evidenced by calcite crystals observed in a sample reacted for 102 days. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This paper addresses the urgent challenge of CO₂ emissions and the need for sustainable energy sources. It emphasizes CO₂ hydrogenation as a promising solution for large-scale long-term energy storage, converting CO₂ into valuable fuels using green hydrogen generated from renewable sources. The study concentrates on exploring pathways leading to oxygenated compounds, such as alcohols or ethers, for their utilization as sustainable fuels. The investigation encompasses methanol, dimethyl ether, ethanol, and higher alcohols. The paper investigates catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation, ranging from traditional metal-based to advanced materials, aiming to identify efficient and stable catalysts for synthesizing oxygenated compounds. Catalysts are indispensable in CO₂ hydrogenation for the synthesis of oxygenated compounds, contributing to improved reaction kinetics, selectivity, economic viability, reduced environmental impact, and the overall sustainability of the process. The goal is to contribute to a fully renewable, carbon-neutral system powered by excess solar and wind electricity, where recycled CO₂ and green hydrogen are used to produce fuels, to be stored and then used to produce energy, electricity, heat, or mechanical energy, on demand, with the capture of the CO₂, in a system which is overall carbon neutral. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

CO₂ hydrate technology can be applied to seawater desalination. However, the kinetics of CO₂ hydrate formation were inhibited in the aqueous solution with inorganic salts, and the kinetic mechanism of CO₂ hydrate formation for inorganic salts with different metal cations and anions was still unclear. In this work, CO₂ hydrate nucleation and growth were studied in aqueous solutions of metal chlorides. Instead of Na⁺ and K⁺ ions, CO₂ hydrate nucleation was promoted in the presence of Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions due to the co-ordination bonds between transition metal ions and water molecules to enhance the formation of the critical crystal nuclei. The induction time was increased by 61.1% in aqueous solution with 0.32 mol/L NaCl, while it was shortened by 55.6% in FeCl₃ aqueous solution at the same concentration of Cl⁻ anions. In the process of CO₂ hydrate growth, Cl⁻ ions played a more important role than the metal ions in affecting the stability of CO₂ hydrate cages. The gas storage capacity was reduced by 10.3% in the presence of NaCl, and was lower than that of other metal chlorides. Cl⁻ anions were absorbed on the hydrate surface and involved in hydrate cages to inhibit the hydrate growth due to the hydrogen bonds between the Cl⁻ ions and water molecules of the hydrate cages. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Amine-functionalized porous polymers have been considered as a prominent chemical adsorption material for carbon capture and storage (CCS) process, because of their large adsorption capacity and high selectivity. By comparison, the low energy-consumption for desorption and high recyclability are the advantages of the physical adsorption approach. In this work, an amine-functionalized hierarchical porous polymer was prepared by HIPE (high internal phase emulsions) template and amine impregnation strategy, and applied as CO₂ adsorbent to realize chemical adsorption and physical adsorption simultaneously. First, a hierarchical porous matrix of poly(styrene-glycidyl methacrylate) was prepared by the HIPE method. The formed meso/micropores in the typical porous polymer matrix could attract CO₂ molecules, where the physical adsorption was achieved. Subsequently, PEI (polyethyleneimine) was impregnated into the porous polymer with abundant macropores, and the numerous of amino groups provided the reaction sites, where the chemical adsorption was achieved. As a result, an effective CO₂ adsorption material was obtained via controlling the porous structure by changing the volume fraction of dispersive phase, impregnation condition and amine loading. Aided by the chemical adsorption of amino groups, the CO₂ adsorption capacity of the obtained adsorbent reached 3.029 mmol/g. Moreover, the CO₂ adsorption thermodynamics confirmed the physicochemical synergistic adsorption, and then the Q_st reduced to 31–42 kJ/mol and a good cyclic stability was obtained. As conclusion, the porous adsorbent showed a good industrial application prospect. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In order to limit the increase in global average temperature to 1.5°C, it is necessary to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions by 45% by 2030. CO₂ capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is one of the effective ways to reduce CO₂ emissions. Geological storage of CO₂ provides a solution with the lowest economic cost and the fastest effect for reducing CO₂ emissions. This article proposes a CO₂ storage regional division method based on the characteristics of low-permeability reservoirs in the Yanchang W oilfield in China. The storage space is divided into four regions: gas phase region, two-phase or near-miscible region, diffusion region, and oil phase region. As the displacement progresses, the volume of the gas phase region and the two-phase or near-miscible region gradually increases; the volume of the diffusion region first increases and then decreases. By calculating the storage capacity of each region separately, the total storage capacity is finally calculated. The impact of different pressures and injection rates on dynamic CO₂ storage capacity was evaluated. The results show that pressure and injection rate are positively correlated with total storage capacity. When CO₂ miscible conditions are reached, the increase in total storage capacity will significantly decrease. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

With the increasing consumption of oil in the world and increasing production of oil from oil reservoirs, the reservoir pressure starts to decrease. On the other side, the use of oil leads to an increase in carbon dioxide production in the environment and causes global warming.

One of the effective methods of reducing the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere and increasing the reservoir's pressure is CO₂-EOR and carbon capturing and storing (CCS) which injects produced carbon dioxide from industrial sources into underground reservoirs. Carbon dioxide reduces oil viscosity and increases oil mobility producing an economical state. Moreover, with CO₂-EOR and CCS carbon dioxide can be stored in a depleted reservoir and helps reduce pollution and global warming.

Besides the environmental and economic benefits due to reducing carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and increasing oil production, CO₂ injection causes various problems in the formation. Many experiments indicate that asphaltene precipitation and wettability alteration caused by asphaltene, dissolution/precipitation of rock, salt precipitation, and sludge formation are some of the problems that occur during CO₂ injection operations in low pressure and temperature. However, few experiments evaluate asphaltene precipitation effective factors, such as pressure, injection rates, temperature, etc., in high temperatures and pressure (HPHT) near reservoir conditions. Therefore, there was a need for a comprehensive investigation of various factors and the impact of each of them on the asphaltene precipitation and formation damage in HPHT conditions, so this research was designed to help future simulation and industrial utilization.

A core-flood setup was prepared to conduct CO₂ flooding experiments and formation damage studies in HPHT conditions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different parameters including pressure, injection rate, and type of injected gas on asphaltene and its effect on formation damage caused by CO₂ injection. The second goal of this study was to investigate the optimum injection in every section. The third goal was to determine the oil recovery during the process of CO₂ injection in different conditions.

The results showed that an injection rate of 0.1 cc/min and higher injection pressures minimized asphaltene precipitation and maximized oil recovery. Replacing CO₂ with natural gas liquids (NGL) gas reduced oil production and asphaltene precipitation. Overall, the experiments demonstrated the importance of optimizing injection parameters to limit formation damage during CO₂ flooding. © 2024 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

In this paper, the mechanisms of long-term CO₂ sequestration and the effects of injection modes (including injection temperature, injection rate and injection cycle) in Zhujiang Formation characterized by high porosity and permeability were investigated using the numerical simulation method. Simulation results showed that more than 88% of the injected CO₂ would exist in a supercritical state during the injection period and more than 79% of CO₂ would be sequestrated in the reservoir by mineral trapping after 5,000 years. Eventually, the distribution shape of SC-CO₂ was a quarter funnel near the injection well, while the distribution shapes of dissolved and mineralized CO₂ were both one quarter rotunda. During the long-term CO₂ sequestration in Zhujiang Formation, the dissolved minerals were anorthite, chlorite and smectite in turn, while the top three main precipitated minerals were calcite, dawsonite and albite. Moreover, higher injection temperature leads to a higher mineral tapping and more dissolved/precipitated minerals. While higher injection rate reduces the mineral tapping and total amount of dissolved/precipitated mineral. Compared to injection temperature and injection rate, the injection cycle has little effect on the CO₂ phase evolution and mineral dissolution/precipitation process. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.