Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology最新文献

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been highlighted as a crucial technology for reducing carbon emissions, yet CO₂ leakage from the reservoir is still a matter of great public concern, especially because of water pollution reasons. Hence, reduced-scale CO₂ release experiments have been conducted worldwide to study hydrogeochemical response in shallow groundwaters. Although other reviews have been previously published, this study reviews critical data to establish a geochemical process-based framework of the scientific findings. Following this, four mechanisms were found to be responsible for hydrogeochemical behavior: (i) ion exchange is mainly responsible for short-lived increase in Mg, Ca, Ba and Sr concentrations; (ii) sorption and desorption processes were related to heavy metal and trace element variations, seemingly due to the presence of oxyhydroxides and clay minerals; (iii) silicate and carbonate dissolution played different roles as a function of specific aquifer mineralogy, releasing metals or influencing divalent cations response; (iv) conservative, mixing and oxidation processes were pointed out as possible mechanisms regulating variations of Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻. Although studies suggested no parameter exceeded potable limits, most experiments were short-lived, possibly overlooking the CO₂ leakage response in a long-term exposure. Hence, further work is still needed specially to support relevant environmental legislation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Oxygen carriers used in chemical looping processes operated with biofuel are affected by the inorganic matter of the fuel. It is therefore expected that the lifetime of the oxygen carrier is limited, and preferably low-cost oxygen carriers should be used. Oxygen carriers based on iron ore or steel manufacturing waste products are available in significant quantities at low cost. However, it is common for these types of materials that their reactivity is low. This study investigates the effect of adding small amounts of more reactive elements into steel converter slag, also called LD slag.

Slag particles were wet impregnated with 2 or 5 wt.% of Ni, Cu, Mn, or Ce. The new material's morphology was evaluated using X-Ray Diffraction and SEM-EDS. Changes in reactivity towards CO, CH₄ and the model tar molecule benzene were evaluated using a bench-scale laboratory fluidized bed reactor.

It was observed that even small amounts of either Ni, Cu, or Mn could increase reactivity toward CO. Both Cu and Mn formed phases with LD slag that released oxygen via CLOU (chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling) and increased the conversion of methane and benzene. Ni and Ce doping also increased methane conversion but had only a minor effect on the benzene conversion. © 2023 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Organic amine grafting on graphene oxide (GO) is a potentially good CO₂ adsorbent. The mechanism of CO₂ capture by ethylenediamine grafted GO (EDA-GO) is studied in detail by quantum chemical method in this article. A reasonable adsorbent model is constructed, and through electrostatic potential analysis, it is found that the larger negative electrostatic potential (GOEP/GOCA: N(180)/N(30) site) is a better potential adsorption site. The physical adsorption energies are also larger (−44.37 kJ/mol, −49.90 kJ/mol) at the larger negative electrostatic potential sites. The quantum chemical calculation of CO₂ adsorption is carried out at the optimal reaction site. Results show that EDA grafted on epoxy and carboxyl groups of GO have good adsorption performance for CO₂. The catalytic effect of H₂O in the atmosphere can significantly reduce the adsorption reaction energy, which only needs 20–45 kJ/mol. Compared with EDA-GOEP, EDA-GOCA has lower physical adsorption energy and chemical adsorption energy barrier. EDA-GOCA has good adsorption performance. Moreover, the desorption energy barrier (29.0 kJ/mol) is slightly higher than the adsorption energy barrier (23.3 kJ/mol), which is conducive to adsorption and desorption repeatedly. It is helpful in the recycling and reuse of adsorbents. For the adsorption of CO₂ by EDA-GO, the conversion of hydroxyl and epoxy groups to carboxyl groups is very important. This study would contribute to the development and design of solid CO₂ adsorbents based on GO. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

With the increasing severity of climate change, the unevenness of economic development has resulted in the heterogeneity of carbon peaking in different regions. Under the dual-carbon target strategy, the peak research in China's less developed provinces is significant. This study uses the emission factor method to calculate the carbon emission inventory of an economically underdeveloped province (Sichuan) and 15 major cities from 2010 to 2020. The carbon emissions in the Sichuan province showed a fluctuating trend, and the emission intensity decreased year by year. This study analyzes the decoupling effect of carbon emissions and GDP gold content (GDPgc). Sichuan's economy and carbon emissions have not been strongly decoupled. Finally, under three scenarios, it forecasts the peak carbon emissions in Sichuan province. Sichuan province will peak in 2029 (361.74 million tons) under the simultaneous peak scenario. This study provides an important reference for formulating and implementing energy-saving and emission-reduction policies in relatively poor regions. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Geologic carbon storage (GCS) activities, especially offshore, are still far insufficient worldwide. Sedimentary basins in the northern South China Sea (nSCS) are identified to be favorable to offshore GCS deployment. This study investigates by numerical reservoir simulations the performance of the Weixinan Sag in the northern depression of the Beibu Gulf Basin (BGB), which is considered the most promising area for CO₂ offshore GCS in saline formations. Simulations of CO₂ injection at a potential site with a normal fault indicate that the pressure buildup induced by CO₂ horizontal injection could penetrate extremely low-permeability faults or caprock formations. The CO₂ plumes under higher injection pressures are more constrained in the horizontal direction and hence appear thicker while CO₂ tends to spread out horizontally in conditions of low pressure. The impermeable fault renders the CO₂ plume about 200 m smaller in size horizontally. Assuming the presence of a fault with a highly permeable core causes leakage to occur after about 30 years of injection, which accounts for only 0.04% the injected amount. For the vertical-well injection case, the potential CO₂ leakage only accounts for around 0.28% of the injection amount, which is far less than the criterion (i.e., 2%) required to make GCS worthwhile. The storage capacities of the formations are mainly controlled by the depths and thicknesses since both their porosities and permeabilities are comparable. The formation Jiaowei-2 and Xiayang have the largest and second largest storage capacities, respectively, when using a fully perforated well for vertical injection. The average storage capacity of the studied site is 13.04 kg m⁻³, which is comparable to that of the formation Xiayang. Average injectivities of formations Jiaowei-2, Xiayang, Weizhou-1, and Weizhou-3 are 8.29 × 10⁻⁵, 1.75 × 10⁻⁴, 6.58 × 10⁻⁵, and 2.99 × 10⁻³ kg s⁻¹ Pa⁻¹, respectively. © 2022 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Carbon capture, utilization and sequestration (CCUS) is a potentially relevant option to limit greenhouse gas emissions. The development of CCUS has so far been slow in spite of substantial plans for implementation for example by the European Union. Lack of societal support is among the reasons cited for this gap between ambitions and implementation. Against this background, this paper simultaneously looks into the policy framework as well as stakeholder perceptions of CCUS as indicators for societal support. The focus is on three regions in three different European countries (Ebro Basin, Spain; Paris Basin, France; Upper Silesia, Poland) and a potential implementation of CCUS in these regions. The empirical data this paper draws on consists of 40 stakeholder interviews on the regional and national level. Our analysis points to differences between the countries with France being most advanced. The main driver for the development of CCUS in all three countries is (local) economic benefit by preserving existing or creating new industries. Barriers include costs, potential environmental impacts, and to some extent lack of support from policymakers and the public. © 2022 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.