Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-129738
Z. Hosseini, Mahsa Yarelahi, S. Rahimi, F. Salmani
Context: In recent decades, women’s participation in the labor market has increased dramatically. However, this has confronted working women with work-family conflicts. Objective: This systematic review aimed to find the factors related to work-family conflicts befallen women working. Methods: All scientific articles published on the subject from June 2000 until June 2021 were searched in five databases (Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar) using the Keywords of factor, female, working, work-life balance, life-work imbalance. Results: We found 3967 articles in the databases mentioned. After removing duplicate items, the titles and abstracts of 2573 articles were screened, 34 full-texts of which were reviewed, leading to the final selection of 31 articles (13 qualitative studies and 17 quantitative studies). Then we searched for the documents that cited any of the initially included studies, as well as the references of the primarily included studies; however, no additional articles were found in this step. We categorized the factors related to work-life conflicts into four categories and 22 sub-categories. The first category was individual factors (e.g., individual capacities and skills); the second category was interpersonal factors (e.g., spousal support and lack of family support); the third category was organizational factors (e.g., organizational policies and working hours), and the fourth category was cultural factors (e.g., patriarchal hegemony in society and family-friendly culture). Conclusions: First, individual skills are needed to be paid more attention to, such as planning, which may be simply modifiable and has the potential to inform therapeutic interventions and preventative strategies. Second, foremen and directors should be informed about the importance of work-life conflicts experienced by women and their decisive role in creating a work-life balance to help improve their working conditions.
背景：近几十年来，妇女参与劳动力市场的人数急剧增加。然而，这使职业妇女面临着工作与家庭的冲突。目的：本系统综述旨在发现女性工作中与工作-家庭冲突有关的因素。方法：从2000年6月到2021年6月，在五个数据库（Science Direct、Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、Scopus和Google Scholar）中搜索所有发表的关于该主题的科学文章，关键词为因子、女性、工作、工作-生活平衡、生活-工作不平衡。结果：我们在上述数据库中发现3967篇文章。在删除重复项目后，对2573篇文章的标题和摘要进行了筛选，对其中34篇全文进行了审查，最终选出31篇文章（13篇定性研究和17篇定量研究）。然后，我们搜索引用任何最初纳入研究的文件，以及主要纳入研究的参考文献；但是，在此步骤中没有发现其他文章。我们将与工作与生活冲突相关的因素分为四类和22个子类。第一类是个人因素（例如，个人能力和技能）；第二类是人际因素（如配偶支持和缺乏家庭支持）；第三类是组织因素（如组织政策和工作时间），第四类是文化因素（如社会父权霸权和家庭友好文化）。结论：首先，需要更多地关注个人技能，如计划，这可能是简单的修改，并有可能为治疗干预和预防策略提供信息。第二，工头和主管应了解妇女所经历的工作与生活冲突的重要性，以及她们在创造工作与生活平衡以帮助改善工作条件方面的决定性作用。
{"title":"Investigating the Factors Related to Work-Family Conflicts Experienced by Working Women: A Systematic Review","authors":"Z. Hosseini, Mahsa Yarelahi, S. Rahimi, F. Salmani","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-129738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-129738","url":null,"abstract":"Context: In recent decades, women’s participation in the labor market has increased dramatically. However, this has confronted working women with work-family conflicts. Objective: This systematic review aimed to find the factors related to work-family conflicts befallen women working. Methods: All scientific articles published on the subject from June 2000 until June 2021 were searched in five databases (Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar) using the Keywords of factor, female, working, work-life balance, life-work imbalance. Results: We found 3967 articles in the databases mentioned. After removing duplicate items, the titles and abstracts of 2573 articles were screened, 34 full-texts of which were reviewed, leading to the final selection of 31 articles (13 qualitative studies and 17 quantitative studies). Then we searched for the documents that cited any of the initially included studies, as well as the references of the primarily included studies; however, no additional articles were found in this step. We categorized the factors related to work-life conflicts into four categories and 22 sub-categories. The first category was individual factors (e.g., individual capacities and skills); the second category was interpersonal factors (e.g., spousal support and lack of family support); the third category was organizational factors (e.g., organizational policies and working hours), and the fourth category was cultural factors (e.g., patriarchal hegemony in society and family-friendly culture). Conclusions: First, individual skills are needed to be paid more attention to, such as planning, which may be simply modifiable and has the potential to inform therapeutic interventions and preventative strategies. Second, foremen and directors should be informed about the importance of work-life conflicts experienced by women and their decisive role in creating a work-life balance to help improve their working conditions.","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45490646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-132613
Zahra Ghanbari, A. Choobineh, S. Zakerian, F. Gharagozlou, M. Nami
Background: Human brain performance and arousal are still challenging and critical, especially in environments such as power plants. Since different emotions are common in daily work life and have inevitable effects on cognitive performance, it is important to evaluate whether or not emotional interventions can, in any way, alter brain arousal, leading to mental fatigue in control room operators (CROs) and affecting their cognitive emotion regulation. To address this issue, flicker fusion frequency (FFF) was employed as a simple and reproducible surrogate index for mental fatigue. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether or not emotionally loaded visual stimuli can alter brain arousal (brain fatigue) or is associated with cognitive emotion regulation (CER) ability. Methods: Flicker fusion frequency was assessed by RT-961, and the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) was adopted as the picture database of stimuli. Additionally, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) was used to determine the participants’ cognitive emotion CER ability. Twenty volunteer CROs from Fars Combined Cycle Power Plant participated in this study. They completed CERQ and then were assessed at two different time points, i.e., before and after presenting emotional stimuli. At each round, FFF was assessed 20 times, and the average frequency was recorded. Emotionally-loaded images were considered as stimuli. The stimuli sets were classified based on their arousal level and valence, yet they were presented in a random order. Subjects were exposed to each image for five seconds (30 minutes in total). Results: The participants’ mean age was 39.55 ± 7.02 years. The first and second FFFs were 42.15 ± 3.90 and 41.96 ± 3.98 in the appropriate group and 42.82 ± 3.59 and 42.26 ± 4.07 in the inappropriate group, respectively. Based on the statistical tests, there were no significant relationships between the measurements (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that CROs may positively maintain their brain arousal during specific emotional stimuli when the intervention lasts less than 30 minutes. Considering the prolonged working hours in such industries (roughly over eight hours a day) and the importance of cognitive aptitude in preventing work-related errors, we propose this line of research to gain momentum.
{"title":"Emotionally-loaded Visual Stimuli to Alter Brain Arousal: A Flicker Fusion Study","authors":"Zahra Ghanbari, A. Choobineh, S. Zakerian, F. Gharagozlou, M. Nami","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-132613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-132613","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Human brain performance and arousal are still challenging and critical, especially in environments such as power plants. Since different emotions are common in daily work life and have inevitable effects on cognitive performance, it is important to evaluate whether or not emotional interventions can, in any way, alter brain arousal, leading to mental fatigue in control room operators (CROs) and affecting their cognitive emotion regulation. To address this issue, flicker fusion frequency (FFF) was employed as a simple and reproducible surrogate index for mental fatigue. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether or not emotionally loaded visual stimuli can alter brain arousal (brain fatigue) or is associated with cognitive emotion regulation (CER) ability. Methods: Flicker fusion frequency was assessed by RT-961, and the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) was adopted as the picture database of stimuli. Additionally, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) was used to determine the participants’ cognitive emotion CER ability. Twenty volunteer CROs from Fars Combined Cycle Power Plant participated in this study. They completed CERQ and then were assessed at two different time points, i.e., before and after presenting emotional stimuli. At each round, FFF was assessed 20 times, and the average frequency was recorded. Emotionally-loaded images were considered as stimuli. The stimuli sets were classified based on their arousal level and valence, yet they were presented in a random order. Subjects were exposed to each image for five seconds (30 minutes in total). Results: The participants’ mean age was 39.55 ± 7.02 years. The first and second FFFs were 42.15 ± 3.90 and 41.96 ± 3.98 in the appropriate group and 42.82 ± 3.59 and 42.26 ± 4.07 in the inappropriate group, respectively. Based on the statistical tests, there were no significant relationships between the measurements (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that CROs may positively maintain their brain arousal during specific emotional stimuli when the intervention lasts less than 30 minutes. Considering the prolonged working hours in such industries (roughly over eight hours a day) and the importance of cognitive aptitude in preventing work-related errors, we propose this line of research to gain momentum.","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49618159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-15DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-132653
M. Jalilian, Mehran Rostami, Javid Zare
{"title":"Digital Health Marketing and Its Applications: A Neglected Priority in Iran’s Healthcare System","authors":"M. Jalilian, Mehran Rostami, Javid Zare","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-132653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-132653","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48952826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-04DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-129841
Mahmood Khodadoost, A. Zali, Saeid Gholamzadeh, Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha, F. Akrami, Sara Rahmati Roodsari, Somayeh Esmaeili, Fariba Khounraz, M. Amini, G. Mohammadi
Background: Job burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate job burnout and identify its effective predictors among health sector employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study encompassed 1898 employees of the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in the summer of 2020. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with job burnout. The required data were collected electronically using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and analyzed with SPSS software version 26 and R4.0.2 software. Results: Of 1898 participants, 74.3% were female. Composite job burnout (CJB), emotional exhaustion (EE), and depersonalization (DP) were the most common at low levels, whereas reduced personal accomplishment (RPA) was the most frequent at moderate levels. In this regard, factors such as female gender, age groups of 40 - 49 and ≥ 50 years, and exposure to COVID-19 were the main independent risk factors for job burnout. Conclusions: Reduced personal accomplishment was moderate despite relatively low levels of job burnout, EE, and DP. Accordingly, effective interventions are suggested to improve different aspects of the work-life with an emphasis on critical situations. Moreover, regarding the significant relationship between job burnout with gender, age, and exposure to COVID-19, it is recommended to increase the employees’ knowledge about job burnout.
{"title":"Job Burnout and Reduced Personal Accomplishment Among Health Sector Employees During COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Mahmood Khodadoost, A. Zali, Saeid Gholamzadeh, Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha, F. Akrami, Sara Rahmati Roodsari, Somayeh Esmaeili, Fariba Khounraz, M. Amini, G. Mohammadi","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-129841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-129841","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Job burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate job burnout and identify its effective predictors among health sector employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study encompassed 1898 employees of the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in the summer of 2020. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with job burnout. The required data were collected electronically using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and analyzed with SPSS software version 26 and R4.0.2 software. Results: Of 1898 participants, 74.3% were female. Composite job burnout (CJB), emotional exhaustion (EE), and depersonalization (DP) were the most common at low levels, whereas reduced personal accomplishment (RPA) was the most frequent at moderate levels. In this regard, factors such as female gender, age groups of 40 - 49 and ≥ 50 years, and exposure to COVID-19 were the main independent risk factors for job burnout. Conclusions: Reduced personal accomplishment was moderate despite relatively low levels of job burnout, EE, and DP. Accordingly, effective interventions are suggested to improve different aspects of the work-life with an emphasis on critical situations. Moreover, regarding the significant relationship between job burnout with gender, age, and exposure to COVID-19, it is recommended to increase the employees’ knowledge about job burnout.","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48179941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-121318
K. Ghobadi, S. Rakhshanderou, F. Hosseini, M. Ghaffari
Background: This study aimed to investigate COVID-19 protective behaviors of Iranian healthcare workers (HCWs) using an extended parallel process model (EPPM). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted online on a convenience sample of 418 Iranian HCWs in 2020. Data were gathered using a standardized electronic questionnaire published on the Porsline website, designed based on the EPPM, to assess the relationships between different constructs of EPPM and COVID-19 protective behaviors. For data analysis, statistical tests, such as descriptive tests, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation test, and multiple regression analysis, were performed in SPSS version 18. Results: Most participants (40.4%) were in the age group of 30-40 years, and most were female (70.6%). Significant associations were found between COVID-19 protective behaviors and EPPM constructs of perceived self-efficacy (r = 0.373, P = 0.000), perceived response efficacy (r = 0.120, P = 0.014), and intention (r = 0.462, P = 0.000). Perceived self-efficacy (P = 0.000, beta = 0.398) and behavioral intention (P = 0.000; Beta = 0.283) were predictors of protective behaviors. Also, 34.4% of the HCWs were involved in the danger control process. Conclusions: Only one-third of the HCWs contributed to the process of COVID-19 danger control. The HCWs' motivation for protection against COVID-19 depended on their perception of self-efficacy and their perceived efficacy of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. The present results can be used to design and implement training programs to improve the protective behaviors of HCWs.
背景:本研究旨在利用扩展平行过程模型(epppm)调查伊朗医护人员(HCWs)的COVID-19防护行为。方法:本横断面研究是在2020年对418名伊朗医护人员进行在线方便样本。使用发布在Porsline网站上的标准化电子问卷收集数据，该问卷基于epppm设计，以评估epppm不同结构与COVID-19防护行为之间的关系。数据分析采用SPSS version 18进行描述性检验、独立t检验、方差分析、Pearson相关检验、多元回归分析等统计检验。结果:以30 ~ 40岁年龄组居多(40.4%)，女性居多(70.6%)。新冠病毒防护行为与epppm结构感知自我效能(r = 0.373, P = 0.000)、感知反应效能(r = 0.120, P = 0.014)、意向(r = 0.462, P = 0.000)存在显著相关。感知自我效能感(P = 0.000, beta = 0.398)和行为意向(P = 0.000;β = 0.283)是保护行为的预测因子。34.4%的卫生保健员参与了危险控制过程。结论:只有三分之一的卫生保健工作者参与了COVID-19危险控制过程。医护人员的COVID-19防护动机取决于自我效能感和COVID-19预防行为效能感。目前的结果可用于设计和实施培训计划，以改善卫生工作者的保护行为。
{"title":"COVID-19 Protective Behaviors of Iranian Healthcare Workers: A Psychological Theoretical Design Analysis","authors":"K. Ghobadi, S. Rakhshanderou, F. Hosseini, M. Ghaffari","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-121318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-121318","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to investigate COVID-19 protective behaviors of Iranian healthcare workers (HCWs) using an extended parallel process model (EPPM). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted online on a convenience sample of 418 Iranian HCWs in 2020. Data were gathered using a standardized electronic questionnaire published on the Porsline website, designed based on the EPPM, to assess the relationships between different constructs of EPPM and COVID-19 protective behaviors. For data analysis, statistical tests, such as descriptive tests, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation test, and multiple regression analysis, were performed in SPSS version 18. Results: Most participants (40.4%) were in the age group of 30-40 years, and most were female (70.6%). Significant associations were found between COVID-19 protective behaviors and EPPM constructs of perceived self-efficacy (r = 0.373, P = 0.000), perceived response efficacy (r = 0.120, P = 0.014), and intention (r = 0.462, P = 0.000). Perceived self-efficacy (P = 0.000, beta = 0.398) and behavioral intention (P = 0.000; Beta = 0.283) were predictors of protective behaviors. Also, 34.4% of the HCWs were involved in the danger control process. Conclusions: Only one-third of the HCWs contributed to the process of COVID-19 danger control. The HCWs' motivation for protection against COVID-19 depended on their perception of self-efficacy and their perceived efficacy of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. The present results can be used to design and implement training programs to improve the protective behaviors of HCWs.","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44667438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-130877
R. Dehnavieh, S. M. Sajadi, M. Balochi, A. Masoud, S. Noorihekmat
Background: Patient transporters have a significant impact on the rate of atonement and property of hospital services. They have several duties in hospitals; therefore, managing them and ensuring their abilities plays a significant role in increasing patient satisfaction. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the thrust competencies of patient transporters. Methods: This study was an exploratory mixed method carried out in two phases in 2021. In the first phase, different competencies required for hospital workers were identified by interviews. In the next phase, the status of patient transporters' job competencies was assessed through observation and using a checklist in the teaching hospitals in southeast of Iran. The data from the interviews and the checklist were analyzed using Max QDA 20 and SPSS 22 software, respectively. It should be noted that all interviews were conducted between March 2021 and August 2021. Results: The patient transporter’ job skill was divided into the two main categories of common and specialized skills as well as the six sub-categories of communication, esteem, conduct, chastisement, displacement and transfer, and trade notice based on the findings of the qualitative state. According to the findings, sanitarium porters' scored higher in terms of maintaining presentable appearances, cleanliness, and hygiene; however, they received lower scores in terms of fitting the patients before moving them and showing an amicable behavior toward them. Conclusions: The results highlighted the need to strengthen the general and specialized skills of patient transporters by adopting different methods. To this end, it was suggested that training courses should be carried out in order to help patient transporters perform their duties more appropriately. It was also recommended that health system managers should increase their awareness of the important role played by patient transporters in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the hospitals.
{"title":"Determining Job Competency of Patient Transporters in Southeastern of Iran: Challenges and Needs","authors":"R. Dehnavieh, S. M. Sajadi, M. Balochi, A. Masoud, S. Noorihekmat","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-130877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-130877","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patient transporters have a significant impact on the rate of atonement and property of hospital services. They have several duties in hospitals; therefore, managing them and ensuring their abilities plays a significant role in increasing patient satisfaction. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the thrust competencies of patient transporters. Methods: This study was an exploratory mixed method carried out in two phases in 2021. In the first phase, different competencies required for hospital workers were identified by interviews. In the next phase, the status of patient transporters' job competencies was assessed through observation and using a checklist in the teaching hospitals in southeast of Iran. The data from the interviews and the checklist were analyzed using Max QDA 20 and SPSS 22 software, respectively. It should be noted that all interviews were conducted between March 2021 and August 2021. Results: The patient transporter’ job skill was divided into the two main categories of common and specialized skills as well as the six sub-categories of communication, esteem, conduct, chastisement, displacement and transfer, and trade notice based on the findings of the qualitative state. According to the findings, sanitarium porters' scored higher in terms of maintaining presentable appearances, cleanliness, and hygiene; however, they received lower scores in terms of fitting the patients before moving them and showing an amicable behavior toward them. Conclusions: The results highlighted the need to strengthen the general and specialized skills of patient transporters by adopting different methods. To this end, it was suggested that training courses should be carried out in order to help patient transporters perform their duties more appropriately. It was also recommended that health system managers should increase their awareness of the important role played by patient transporters in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the hospitals.","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42795040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-19DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-129121
S. Majidi, A. Feizi, Y. Hajizadeh
Context: At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as face masks, as well as environmental conditions, including temperature and humidity changes, were discussed due to the lack of effective medicine. Methods: The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) were implemented to conduct the present systematic review. The articles were selected from papers published by May 2020 in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. This meta-analysis estimated relative risk (RR) and pooled mean depicted as effect size (ES) using the random or fixed effects methods. Results: Ten studies met inclusion criteria, four of which addressed the effect of face masks and six of which dealt with temperature and humidity changes. This eta-analysis study showed that wearing face masks against the COVID-19 virus had a remarkable safety impact with RR (%95 CI) 8.56 (2.10 - 34.90), (I2 = %0.0 P = 0.999), and the pooled mean changes in temperature and humidity were estimated to be with ES (%95 CI) 9.03 (4.32 - 13.74), (I2 = %99.7, P = 0.0001) and with ES (%95 CI) 56.82 (46.12 - 67.51), ( I2 = %99.3, P = 0.0001) during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis illustrate the effectiveness of face masks, in general, in preventing the transmission of the COVID-19 virus. According to the findings, temperature and humidity changes do not increase the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus.
背景:在新冠肺炎大流行之初，由于缺乏有效药物，人们讨论了口罩等个人防护装备的影响，以及温度和湿度变化等环境条件的影响。方法:采用系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告项目(PRISMA)进行本系统评价。本文选自2020年5月前在PubMed、Web of Science、Science Direct、Scopus和b谷歌Scholar数据库中发表的论文。本荟萃分析使用随机或固定效应方法估计相对风险(RR)和用效应大小(ES)描述的汇总平均值。结果:10项研究符合纳入标准，其中4项研究涉及口罩的影响，6项研究涉及温度和湿度变化。该meta分析研究显示，佩戴口罩对COVID-19病毒具有显著的安全影响，RR (%95 CI) 8.56 (2.10 ~ 34.90)， (I2 = %0.0 P = 0.999)，合并平均温度和湿度变化估计为ES (%95 CI) 9.03 (4.32 ~ 13.74)， (I2 = %99.7, P = 0.0001)和ES (%95 CI) 56.82 (46.12 ~ 67.51)， (I2 = %99.3, P = 0.0001)。结论:本系统综述和荟萃分析的结果总体上说明了口罩在预防COVID-19病毒传播方面的有效性。根据研究结果，温度和湿度的变化不会增加COVID-19病毒的爆发。
{"title":"The Effect of Face Mask, Air Temperature, and Humidity on COVID-19 Transmission: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"S. Majidi, A. Feizi, Y. Hajizadeh","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-129121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-129121","url":null,"abstract":"Context: At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as face masks, as well as environmental conditions, including temperature and humidity changes, were discussed due to the lack of effective medicine. Methods: The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) were implemented to conduct the present systematic review. The articles were selected from papers published by May 2020 in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. This meta-analysis estimated relative risk (RR) and pooled mean depicted as effect size (ES) using the random or fixed effects methods. Results: Ten studies met inclusion criteria, four of which addressed the effect of face masks and six of which dealt with temperature and humidity changes. This eta-analysis study showed that wearing face masks against the COVID-19 virus had a remarkable safety impact with RR (%95 CI) 8.56 (2.10 - 34.90), (I2 = %0.0 P = 0.999), and the pooled mean changes in temperature and humidity were estimated to be with ES (%95 CI) 9.03 (4.32 - 13.74), (I2 = %99.7, P = 0.0001) and with ES (%95 CI) 56.82 (46.12 - 67.51), ( I2 = %99.3, P = 0.0001) during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis illustrate the effectiveness of face masks, in general, in preventing the transmission of the COVID-19 virus. According to the findings, temperature and humidity changes do not increase the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus.","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47317628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Working in Emergency Conditions and COVID-19 Pandemic in Hospitals and Health Workforce Retentions","authors":"Hamideh Nafar, Salime Goharinezhad, Naser Derakhshani, Emir Tahmazi Aghdam","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-130983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-130983","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41261117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-06DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-129712
M. Zafar
Context: Psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety, are common among young people with substance misuse. Preventive strategies can diminish the negative impact on the society, especially family function. Objectives: The objective of this study was to systematically review the family functions in the risk of serious mental illness among youth with substance misuse. Methods: The main databases Web of Science, PubMed, and SCOPUS were searched for studies published during January 2018-December 202. “Prevention”, “anxiety”, “coping”, “family”, “parents”, “patients care plan”, “adjustment”, “community”, “youth”, and “drug addiction” were the keywords searched in the databases. The present review was conducted in 2022. Results: After the screening of articles based on the exclusion criteria, we selected seven studies. The studies were classified as affianced, patience, pulling out, social support, and emotional stability actions. Society and parents, who are the core family members, feel anxious following the drug misuse of the youth. The youngsters felt that these substances were harmful for their health, especially reproductive health. The parents felt very secluded from family and friends. There are different preventive strategies to overcome this behavior. Conclusions: Results of different evaluated studies showed that using emotional strategy is the common tool to prevent substance abuse. Social status and cultural perspective are effective in preventing this issue.
背景:心理障碍，如抑郁和焦虑，在药物滥用的年轻人中很常见。预防策略可以减少对社会，特别是家庭功能的负面影响。目的:本研究的目的是系统地回顾家庭在青少年药物滥用中严重精神疾病风险中的作用。方法:检索2018年1月至2002年12月期间发表的主要数据库Web of Science、PubMed和SCOPUS。“预防”、“焦虑”、“应对”、“家庭”、“父母”、“患者护理计划”、“调整”、“社区”、“青少年”和“吸毒成瘾”是数据库中的关键词。本次审查是在2022年进行的。结果:根据排除标准对文章进行筛选后，我们选择了7篇研究。这些研究被分类为主动行动、耐心行动、退出行动、社会支持行动和情绪稳定行动。作为核心家庭成员的社会和家长对青少年滥用药物感到焦虑。青少年认为这些物质对他们的健康有害，尤其是生殖健康。父母感到与家人和朋友隔绝。有不同的预防策略来克服这种行为。结论:不同的评估研究结果表明，使用情绪策略是预防药物滥用的常用工具。社会地位和文化视角是防止这一问题发生的有效因素。
{"title":"Family Roles in the Risk of Serious Mental Illness among Youth with Substance Misuse: A Systematic Review","authors":"M. Zafar","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-129712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-129712","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety, are common among young people with substance misuse. Preventive strategies can diminish the negative impact on the society, especially family function. Objectives: The objective of this study was to systematically review the family functions in the risk of serious mental illness among youth with substance misuse. Methods: The main databases Web of Science, PubMed, and SCOPUS were searched for studies published during January 2018-December 202. “Prevention”, “anxiety”, “coping”, “family”, “parents”, “patients care plan”, “adjustment”, “community”, “youth”, and “drug addiction” were the keywords searched in the databases. The present review was conducted in 2022. Results: After the screening of articles based on the exclusion criteria, we selected seven studies. The studies were classified as affianced, patience, pulling out, social support, and emotional stability actions. Society and parents, who are the core family members, feel anxious following the drug misuse of the youth. The youngsters felt that these substances were harmful for their health, especially reproductive health. The parents felt very secluded from family and friends. There are different preventive strategies to overcome this behavior. Conclusions: Results of different evaluated studies showed that using emotional strategy is the common tool to prevent substance abuse. Social status and cultural perspective are effective in preventing this issue.","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45346608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-122047
Masoumeh Bagheri Kahkesh, L. Riahi, K. Hajinabi, Mahmood Mahmoodi Majdabadi Farahani
Background: Public participation strengthens the public presence in healthcare. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the dimensions of attracting public participation in the Iranian health system. Methods: A mixed-method research was conducted from May 2019 to July 2020. A comparative study (using the documents of five countries that were selected purposefully), tool design and validation (through holding two expert panels with the participation of 26 people who were selected based on the inclusion criteria), and finalization of the participation framework (field test with the participation of 283 recruited people based on the inclusion criteria) were performed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were applied using SPSS-v26 and AMOS-v26. Results: Forty-eight components on five factors, including citizenship rights and customer orientation, socioeconomic factors, communication with people and non-governmental organizations, research and technology, and managerial and organizational factors with impact factors of 0.967, 0.951, 0.957, 0.944, and 0.955 were loaded, respectively. The CFA denoted the approval of the framework with the five mentioned factors. Conclusions: In this study, a framework was developed and approved during different stages. Using this framework, healthcare policymakers can adopt the best strategies for engaging public participation and improving the effectiveness of decisions through evidence-informed policymaking.
{"title":"Designing a Framework for Attracting Public Participation in the Iranian Health System: A Comparative and Mixed-Method Study","authors":"Masoumeh Bagheri Kahkesh, L. Riahi, K. Hajinabi, Mahmood Mahmoodi Majdabadi Farahani","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-122047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-122047","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Public participation strengthens the public presence in healthcare. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the dimensions of attracting public participation in the Iranian health system. Methods: A mixed-method research was conducted from May 2019 to July 2020. A comparative study (using the documents of five countries that were selected purposefully), tool design and validation (through holding two expert panels with the participation of 26 people who were selected based on the inclusion criteria), and finalization of the participation framework (field test with the participation of 283 recruited people based on the inclusion criteria) were performed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were applied using SPSS-v26 and AMOS-v26. Results: Forty-eight components on five factors, including citizenship rights and customer orientation, socioeconomic factors, communication with people and non-governmental organizations, research and technology, and managerial and organizational factors with impact factors of 0.967, 0.951, 0.957, 0.944, and 0.955 were loaded, respectively. The CFA denoted the approval of the framework with the five mentioned factors. Conclusions: In this study, a framework was developed and approved during different stages. Using this framework, healthcare policymakers can adopt the best strategies for engaging public participation and improving the effectiveness of decisions through evidence-informed policymaking.","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41731032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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