Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-122412
Safiye Ghobakhloo, M. Miranzadeh, Y. Ghaffari, Zahra Ghobakhloo, G. Mostafaii
Background: Recent studies indicated the possible relationship between climate change, environmental pollution, and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study reviewed the effects of air pollution, climate parameters, and lockdown on the number of cases and deaths related to COVID-19. Methods: The present review was performed to determine the effects of weather and air pollution on the number of cases and deaths related to COVID-19 during the lockdown. Articles were collected by searching the existing online databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, with no limitations on publication dates. Afterwards, this review focused on outdoor air pollution, including PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and O3, and weather conditions affecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/COVID-19. Results: Most reviewed investigations in the present study showed that exposure to air pollutants, particularly PM2.5 and NO2, is positively related to COVID-19 patients and mortality. Moreover, these studies showed that air pollution could be essential in transmitting COVID-19. Local meteorology plays a vital role in coronavirus spread and mortality. Temperature and humidity variables are negatively correlated with virus transmission. The evidence demonstrated that air pollution could lead to COVID-19 transmission. These results support decision-makers in curbing potential new outbreaks. Conclusions: Overall, in environmental perspective-based COVID-19 studies, efforts should be accelerated regarding effective policies for reducing human emissions, bringing about air pollution and weather change. Therefore, using clean and renewable energy sources will increase public health and environmental quality by improving global air quality.
{"title":"Association Between Air Pollution, Climate Change, and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Recent Scientific Evidence","authors":"Safiye Ghobakhloo, M. Miranzadeh, Y. Ghaffari, Zahra Ghobakhloo, G. Mostafaii","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-122412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-122412","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recent studies indicated the possible relationship between climate change, environmental pollution, and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study reviewed the effects of air pollution, climate parameters, and lockdown on the number of cases and deaths related to COVID-19. Methods: The present review was performed to determine the effects of weather and air pollution on the number of cases and deaths related to COVID-19 during the lockdown. Articles were collected by searching the existing online databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, with no limitations on publication dates. Afterwards, this review focused on outdoor air pollution, including PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and O3, and weather conditions affecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/COVID-19. Results: Most reviewed investigations in the present study showed that exposure to air pollutants, particularly PM2.5 and NO2, is positively related to COVID-19 patients and mortality. Moreover, these studies showed that air pollution could be essential in transmitting COVID-19. Local meteorology plays a vital role in coronavirus spread and mortality. Temperature and humidity variables are negatively correlated with virus transmission. The evidence demonstrated that air pollution could lead to COVID-19 transmission. These results support decision-makers in curbing potential new outbreaks. Conclusions: Overall, in environmental perspective-based COVID-19 studies, efforts should be accelerated regarding effective policies for reducing human emissions, bringing about air pollution and weather change. Therefore, using clean and renewable energy sources will increase public health and environmental quality by improving global air quality.","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41898432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-118032
P. Raeissi, A. Aryankhesal, Niusha Shahidi Sadeghi, H. Kalantari
Background: In developing and underdeveloped countries, medical error is often either not reported or reported improperly for various reasons. Root cause analysis (RCA) is a systematic method to determine how various factors contribute to the occurrence of medical errors. Objectives: The current study analyzed the root cause of one of western Iran’s biggest general hospitals. Methods: This retrospective RCA was conducted through a qualitative approach in 2019 following the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) protocol in seven steps: Initialization of the process, collecting and mapping information, identifying issues related to care delivery problems (CDP) or service delivery problems (SDP), event analysis, identifying the involved factors in the event - root causes, providing solutions, implementing solutions, and submission of reports. Results: According to the results of this study, 61 cases were examined, and committees accepted the errors in 11 cases. Here, 49 CDP and 13 SDP factors were identified. Care delivery problems factors were selected for all events based on the team’s viewpoints. Overall, task-related causes (20 cases), individual causes (17 cases), management-related causes (14 cases), training-related causes (8 cases), and causes related to work environment and conditions (7 cases) were specified. Conclusions: Accepting mistakes is the first step in the hope of improvement. In this hospital, only 11 cases of mistakes had been accepted by the authorities. In most cases, the proposed solutions to this issue included personnel training, monitoring system strengthening, and developing and standardizing processes. Overall, this study and other similar studies showed errors during service delivery and through service providers.
{"title":"Root Cause Analysis (RCA) of Adverse Events in One of the Biggest Western Iranian General Hospitals: Short Communication","authors":"P. Raeissi, A. Aryankhesal, Niusha Shahidi Sadeghi, H. Kalantari","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-118032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-118032","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In developing and underdeveloped countries, medical error is often either not reported or reported improperly for various reasons. Root cause analysis (RCA) is a systematic method to determine how various factors contribute to the occurrence of medical errors. Objectives: The current study analyzed the root cause of one of western Iran’s biggest general hospitals. Methods: This retrospective RCA was conducted through a qualitative approach in 2019 following the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) protocol in seven steps: Initialization of the process, collecting and mapping information, identifying issues related to care delivery problems (CDP) or service delivery problems (SDP), event analysis, identifying the involved factors in the event - root causes, providing solutions, implementing solutions, and submission of reports. Results: According to the results of this study, 61 cases were examined, and committees accepted the errors in 11 cases. Here, 49 CDP and 13 SDP factors were identified. Care delivery problems factors were selected for all events based on the team’s viewpoints. Overall, task-related causes (20 cases), individual causes (17 cases), management-related causes (14 cases), training-related causes (8 cases), and causes related to work environment and conditions (7 cases) were specified. Conclusions: Accepting mistakes is the first step in the hope of improvement. In this hospital, only 11 cases of mistakes had been accepted by the authorities. In most cases, the proposed solutions to this issue included personnel training, monitoring system strengthening, and developing and standardizing processes. Overall, this study and other similar studies showed errors during service delivery and through service providers.","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48541483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-16DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-129849
S. Bokaie, A. Bahonar, A. Haghdoost, S. Daneshi, E. Barfar
{"title":"Advantages of Disability-Adjusted Life Years to Measure the Burden of COVID-19","authors":"S. Bokaie, A. Bahonar, A. Haghdoost, S. Daneshi, E. Barfar","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-129849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-129849","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47193093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-10DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-120953
M. Shabani, F. Karimi, R. Khodayari-zarnaq, Taha Mohammadhoseini, Farahnaz Ezzati
Background: The under-five mortality rate is one of the most important indicators of sustainable development, and accidents and injuries are the leading causes of child mortality. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting child mortality from road traffic accidents in Ardabil province, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study investigated all mortalities of children under 5 years from road traffic accidents and injuries that occurred in Ardabil within 2013 and 2021. Standard questionnaires of the Child Health Department of the Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education were used to collect data. Based on the Haddon matrix, the data were classified into three groups, namely Pre-event, Event, and Post-event. P-charts were used in statistical process control to control the care process in the system and identify specific and general causes. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24). Results: A total of 64 mortalities occurred in the period under review. According to the Haddon Matrix analysis, environmental factors had the greatest impact in the Pre-event phase (41.6%); nevertheless, human factors had the greatest impact in the Event phase (62%) and the Post-event phase (46.8%). Conclusions: Given that road traffic accidents are the leading cause of accidents and unintentional injuries in Iran, with a rate of 38.3%, it is necessary to enhance safety-related knowledge and skills, develop safe streets and roads, ensure child safety in cars, and promote safe vehicle use. As for the regulatory bodies, enforcing strict driving rules and regulations, providing necessary monitoring and control, and facilitating access to emergency centers should be the top priorities.
{"title":"Factors Affecting Children’s Mortality Due to Traffic Accidents Using Haddon Model and Statistical Process Control in Ardabil Province, Iran","authors":"M. Shabani, F. Karimi, R. Khodayari-zarnaq, Taha Mohammadhoseini, Farahnaz Ezzati","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-120953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-120953","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The under-five mortality rate is one of the most important indicators of sustainable development, and accidents and injuries are the leading causes of child mortality. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting child mortality from road traffic accidents in Ardabil province, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study investigated all mortalities of children under 5 years from road traffic accidents and injuries that occurred in Ardabil within 2013 and 2021. Standard questionnaires of the Child Health Department of the Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education were used to collect data. Based on the Haddon matrix, the data were classified into three groups, namely Pre-event, Event, and Post-event. P-charts were used in statistical process control to control the care process in the system and identify specific and general causes. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24). Results: A total of 64 mortalities occurred in the period under review. According to the Haddon Matrix analysis, environmental factors had the greatest impact in the Pre-event phase (41.6%); nevertheless, human factors had the greatest impact in the Event phase (62%) and the Post-event phase (46.8%). Conclusions: Given that road traffic accidents are the leading cause of accidents and unintentional injuries in Iran, with a rate of 38.3%, it is necessary to enhance safety-related knowledge and skills, develop safe streets and roads, ensure child safety in cars, and promote safe vehicle use. As for the regulatory bodies, enforcing strict driving rules and regulations, providing necessary monitoring and control, and facilitating access to emergency centers should be the top priorities.","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41537165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-129176
M. Ghasemi, M. Amini-Rarani, Nasrin Shaarbafchi Zadeh, S. Karimi
Background: The public health system is currently facing a shortage of resources, and the demand for healthcare has increased, indicating the need to use the capacities of other sectors through public-private partnership (PPP) strategies to improve the quantity and quality of health services. Objectives: The purpose is to identify PPPs' role in providing primary healthcare worldwide. Methods: This study was conducted in 2020. The Arksey O’Malley framework was used, along with a systematic literature search on five databases, including Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, Pubmed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. Data were gathered from 2000 to 2020. Results: The findings presented in this study are reported based on 16 selected studies. The findings point to the positive impacts of cooperation between the public and private sectors in health care systems on matters of provision, coverage, and performance of services, as well as improvements in responsiveness to providers towards enhancing health referral systems. The provision of participatory services in countries varied according to their level of development, and further interactions between the government and the private sector resulted in better coverage and reduced inequality in service delivery. Conclusions: Public-private partnership is an effective way to achieve sustainable development goals. Public-private partnerships can be strengthened by integrating public and private sector facilities and aligning the interests and motivations of service providers with public health goals. Also, awareness of the plans and capacity of public and private sectors, along with conscious and mutual interaction, can strengthen health on a larger scale. Scientific approaches and correct participation can also relieve the part of governmental responsibilities to focus on more primary measures so that it can carry out its core tasks, including stewardship, policy-making, and supervision, with greater focus and power to facilitate the achievement of goals.
背景：公共卫生系统目前面临资源短缺，对医疗保健的需求增加，这表明需要通过公私合作战略利用其他部门的能力来提高医疗服务的数量和质量。目标：目的是确定PPP在全球范围内提供初级医疗保健方面的作用。方法：本研究于2020年进行。使用了Arksey O'Malley框架，并在五个数据库上进行了系统的文献搜索，包括Web of Science（ISI）、Scopus、Pubmed、ProQuest和Google Scholar。数据收集于2000年至2020年。结果：本研究报告的研究结果基于16项选定的研究。研究结果表明，公共和私营部门在医疗保健系统中的合作对服务的提供、覆盖和绩效产生了积极影响，并改善了对提供者的反应，以加强医疗转诊系统。各国提供的参与性服务因其发展水平而异，政府和私营部门之间的进一步互动提高了服务的覆盖面，减少了服务提供方面的不平等。结论：公私伙伴关系是实现可持续发展目标的有效途径。通过整合公共和私营部门的设施，并使服务提供者的利益和动机与公共卫生目标相一致，可以加强公私伙伴关系。此外，对公共和私营部门的计划和能力的认识，以及有意识的相互互动，可以在更大范围内加强健康。科学的方法和正确的参与也可以减轻政府专注于更初级措施的责任，使其能够执行其核心任务，包括管理、决策和监督，并有更大的重点和权力来促进目标的实现。
{"title":"Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Primary Healthcare Services Worldwide: A Scoping Review","authors":"M. Ghasemi, M. Amini-Rarani, Nasrin Shaarbafchi Zadeh, S. Karimi","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-129176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-129176","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The public health system is currently facing a shortage of resources, and the demand for healthcare has increased, indicating the need to use the capacities of other sectors through public-private partnership (PPP) strategies to improve the quantity and quality of health services. Objectives: The purpose is to identify PPPs' role in providing primary healthcare worldwide. Methods: This study was conducted in 2020. The Arksey O’Malley framework was used, along with a systematic literature search on five databases, including Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, Pubmed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. Data were gathered from 2000 to 2020. Results: The findings presented in this study are reported based on 16 selected studies. The findings point to the positive impacts of cooperation between the public and private sectors in health care systems on matters of provision, coverage, and performance of services, as well as improvements in responsiveness to providers towards enhancing health referral systems. The provision of participatory services in countries varied according to their level of development, and further interactions between the government and the private sector resulted in better coverage and reduced inequality in service delivery. Conclusions: Public-private partnership is an effective way to achieve sustainable development goals. Public-private partnerships can be strengthened by integrating public and private sector facilities and aligning the interests and motivations of service providers with public health goals. Also, awareness of the plans and capacity of public and private sectors, along with conscious and mutual interaction, can strengthen health on a larger scale. Scientific approaches and correct participation can also relieve the part of governmental responsibilities to focus on more primary measures so that it can carry out its core tasks, including stewardship, policy-making, and supervision, with greater focus and power to facilitate the achievement of goals.","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47720202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-27DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-123782
Emir Tahmazi Aghdam, N. Joudyian, Mohammad Esmaeel Tavakoli, A. Choopani, S. Vatankhah, Hamideh Nafar
{"title":"Prolonged Discharge Process in Pediatric Teaching Hospitals","authors":"Emir Tahmazi Aghdam, N. Joudyian, Mohammad Esmaeel Tavakoli, A. Choopani, S. Vatankhah, Hamideh Nafar","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-123782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-123782","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47761679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-127242
M. Tarrahi, Mahdi Rezaei Kahkha Zhaleh
Background: The quality of sleep plays an important role in physical development, as well as maintaining physical and mental health. Approximately 20% of Iranian students suffer from Internet addiction, and 56% suffer from insomnia. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relevance of Internet addiction and sleep quality among Isfahan University of medical sciences students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted as a questionnaire at the Medical Sciences University of Isfahan. The collected data had three components: (1) Demographic information, (2) sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and (3) amount of internet use with a questionnaire of 20 Internet Addiction Tests (IAT). Logistic regression was used to find any association between Internet Addiction and Sleep quality. Results: A total of 562 female and male students participated in the study, with a mean age of 21.41 ± 1.87. Internet users with moderate and mild addiction had poorer sleep quality than those with normal and severe Internet addiction. Logistic regression analysis showed an association between Internet addiction scores and sleep quality (OR = 1.035: 1.02, 1.04, P < 0.001). In addition, poor sleep quality was also predicted by the subgroups "excessive internet use" and "anticipation". Conclusions: The relationship between internet addiction and sleep quality was significantly negative. Universities and all educational institutions can use it to control the effects of Internet abuse and the quality of sleep of students.
{"title":"Investigating Internet Addiction and Sleep Quality Correlation Among Students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2021","authors":"M. Tarrahi, Mahdi Rezaei Kahkha Zhaleh","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-127242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-127242","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The quality of sleep plays an important role in physical development, as well as maintaining physical and mental health. Approximately 20% of Iranian students suffer from Internet addiction, and 56% suffer from insomnia. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relevance of Internet addiction and sleep quality among Isfahan University of medical sciences students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted as a questionnaire at the Medical Sciences University of Isfahan. The collected data had three components: (1) Demographic information, (2) sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and (3) amount of internet use with a questionnaire of 20 Internet Addiction Tests (IAT). Logistic regression was used to find any association between Internet Addiction and Sleep quality. Results: A total of 562 female and male students participated in the study, with a mean age of 21.41 ± 1.87. Internet users with moderate and mild addiction had poorer sleep quality than those with normal and severe Internet addiction. Logistic regression analysis showed an association between Internet addiction scores and sleep quality (OR = 1.035: 1.02, 1.04, P < 0.001). In addition, poor sleep quality was also predicted by the subgroups \"excessive internet use\" and \"anticipation\". Conclusions: The relationship between internet addiction and sleep quality was significantly negative. Universities and all educational institutions can use it to control the effects of Internet abuse and the quality of sleep of students.","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48115918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-115961
M. Abdoljabari, Faraj Hosseinian-Sarajehloo, Rozina Rahnama, Marzieh Karamkhani, Bahareh Kashani-Movahhed
Background: Spiritual health is one of the important dimensions of health that causes the coherence and harmony of other dimensions of health in human beings. Due to the increasing number of elderly, considering the status of their health is important. Objectives: The present study was an attempt to design and evaluate a measurement instrument for spiritual health in the Iranian elderly, which is appropriate for the Iranian society. Methods: This mixed methods study used a sequential exploratory strategy. In the first phase, spiritual health items were extracted based on a review of the previous studies and interviews with experts and the elderly using direct content analysis. In the second phase, the standardized questionnaire was assessed by performing validity and reliability tests on 400 elderly residents of Tehran. The participants were selected based on the purposive sampling method from the elderly referring to nursing homes. To analyze the collected data, qualitative content analysis was employed. In the first phase, 45 items of the questionnaire were extracted based on the interviews. After quantitatively determining the face and content validity, six items were removed, and the questionnaire items were reduced to 39 items. Results: Exploratory factor analysis on this questionnaire identified five factors that explained a total of 52.2% of the total variance of the test. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient obtained confirmed the high internal consistency of the questionnaire (0.925). Also, a high correlation was reported between the test and retest with a 10-day interval (r = 0.997). In addition, a high and significant correlation was reported in the simultaneous implementation of the designed instrument with Paloutzin and Ellison’s spiritual health instrument (r = 0.76). Conclusions: In general, based on the present study's findings, the designed questionnaire has an acceptable level of validity and reliability and is usable for the elderly.
{"title":"Designing a Measurement Scale for Spiritual Health of the Elderly in Tehran/Iran (2019)","authors":"M. Abdoljabari, Faraj Hosseinian-Sarajehloo, Rozina Rahnama, Marzieh Karamkhani, Bahareh Kashani-Movahhed","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-115961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-115961","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Spiritual health is one of the important dimensions of health that causes the coherence and harmony of other dimensions of health in human beings. Due to the increasing number of elderly, considering the status of their health is important. Objectives: The present study was an attempt to design and evaluate a measurement instrument for spiritual health in the Iranian elderly, which is appropriate for the Iranian society. Methods: This mixed methods study used a sequential exploratory strategy. In the first phase, spiritual health items were extracted based on a review of the previous studies and interviews with experts and the elderly using direct content analysis. In the second phase, the standardized questionnaire was assessed by performing validity and reliability tests on 400 elderly residents of Tehran. The participants were selected based on the purposive sampling method from the elderly referring to nursing homes. To analyze the collected data, qualitative content analysis was employed. In the first phase, 45 items of the questionnaire were extracted based on the interviews. After quantitatively determining the face and content validity, six items were removed, and the questionnaire items were reduced to 39 items. Results: Exploratory factor analysis on this questionnaire identified five factors that explained a total of 52.2% of the total variance of the test. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient obtained confirmed the high internal consistency of the questionnaire (0.925). Also, a high correlation was reported between the test and retest with a 10-day interval (r = 0.997). In addition, a high and significant correlation was reported in the simultaneous implementation of the designed instrument with Paloutzin and Ellison’s spiritual health instrument (r = 0.76). Conclusions: In general, based on the present study's findings, the designed questionnaire has an acceptable level of validity and reliability and is usable for the elderly.","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47865362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-14DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-126407
Ramin Rezapour, M. Letaief, A. Khosravi, M. Farahbakhsh, E. Ahmadnezhad, S. Azami, J. Tabrizi
Context: Quality Assessment Frameworks (QAFs) are essential in monitoring progress in the primary health care (PHC) system. Different QAFs are used in countries to assess PHC quality. Objectives: This study aimed to review and compare the QAFs and highlight the most frequent quality indicators and dimensions. Methods: This state-of-the-art review was conducted on PHCQAFs. Required data were collected through search in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases, World Health Organization and World Bank websites, and Ministry of Health websites up to January 2022. The main keywords were quality, “primary healthcare”, PHC, “primary care”, “primary health services”, “basic healthcare”, assessment, evaluation, monitoring, measurement, improvement, indicator, OR index, pattern, framework, and model. Comparative tables were used to compare the defined quality dimensions (QDs) and quality assessment indicators (QAIs). Results: Finally, 14 PHCQAFs were retrieved, containing 94 QDs and 785 QAIs. Three PHCQAFs were proposed at the international level and others at the national level. Accessibility, coordination, and safety were the most frequent QDs, and QAIs related to smoking, alcohol and substance abuse, diabetes care, vaccination, chronic heart disease care, respiratory/infectious disease care, hypertension care, population coverage, community participation, customer satisfaction, maternal and child health, adverse event, health information management, staff empowerment, referral system, and patient rights were the most frequent among PHCQAFs. Conclusions: The current study illustrates the similarities and differences between PHCQAFs and highlights important QDs and QIs in PHC. Also, it provides a ready way for health policymakers to address key quality aspects that can help countries accelerate progress in the quality of PHC.
背景：质量评估框架（QAF）对于监测初级卫生保健（PHC）系统的进展至关重要。各国采用不同的质量保证框架来评估初级保健质量。目的：本研究旨在回顾和比较QAF，并强调最常见的质量指标和维度。方法：对PHCQAF进行最新的综述。截至2022年1月，通过Scopus、Web of Science和PubMed数据库、世界卫生组织和世界银行网站以及卫生部网站的搜索收集了所需数据。主要关键词是质量、“初级保健”、PHC、“初级护理”、“初级卫生服务”、“基本保健”、评估、评估、监测、测量、改进、指标、OR指数、模式、框架和模型。比较表用于比较定义的质量维度（QD）和质量评估指标（QAI）。结果：最终检索到14个PHCQAF，包含94个QD和785个QAI。在国际一级提出了三个初级保健质量保证框架，在国家一级提出其他框架。可及性、协调性和安全性是最常见的QD，与吸烟、酗酒和药物滥用、糖尿病护理、疫苗接种、慢性心脏病护理、呼吸系统/传染病护理、高血压护理、人口覆盖率、社区参与、客户满意度、妇幼健康、不良事件、健康信息管理、员工赋权、，转诊制度和患者权利是PHCQAF中最常见的。结论：本研究阐明了PHCQAF之间的异同，并强调了PHC中重要的QD和QIs。此外，它为卫生政策制定者提供了一种现成的方式来解决关键的质量问题，可以帮助各国加快初级保健质量的进步。
{"title":"Primary Health Care Quality Assessment Frameworks: State of the Art Review","authors":"Ramin Rezapour, M. Letaief, A. Khosravi, M. Farahbakhsh, E. Ahmadnezhad, S. Azami, J. Tabrizi","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-126407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-126407","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Quality Assessment Frameworks (QAFs) are essential in monitoring progress in the primary health care (PHC) system. Different QAFs are used in countries to assess PHC quality. Objectives: This study aimed to review and compare the QAFs and highlight the most frequent quality indicators and dimensions. Methods: This state-of-the-art review was conducted on PHCQAFs. Required data were collected through search in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases, World Health Organization and World Bank websites, and Ministry of Health websites up to January 2022. The main keywords were quality, “primary healthcare”, PHC, “primary care”, “primary health services”, “basic healthcare”, assessment, evaluation, monitoring, measurement, improvement, indicator, OR index, pattern, framework, and model. Comparative tables were used to compare the defined quality dimensions (QDs) and quality assessment indicators (QAIs). Results: Finally, 14 PHCQAFs were retrieved, containing 94 QDs and 785 QAIs. Three PHCQAFs were proposed at the international level and others at the national level. Accessibility, coordination, and safety were the most frequent QDs, and QAIs related to smoking, alcohol and substance abuse, diabetes care, vaccination, chronic heart disease care, respiratory/infectious disease care, hypertension care, population coverage, community participation, customer satisfaction, maternal and child health, adverse event, health information management, staff empowerment, referral system, and patient rights were the most frequent among PHCQAFs. Conclusions: The current study illustrates the similarities and differences between PHCQAFs and highlights important QDs and QIs in PHC. Also, it provides a ready way for health policymakers to address key quality aspects that can help countries accelerate progress in the quality of PHC.","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49242571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-123211
M. Zafar
Context: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected all sectors of life. The health system and healthcare workers also have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare workers (HCWs) have faced major challenges in working in the hospitals due to COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need to provide evidence regarding challenges to working during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically in developing countries. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health professionals and the health system. Methods: Ten studies conducted from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021were included in this review. Common search terms were impact, health, healthcare, providers, abuses, burden, and system. Different databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, were used. Data extraction was performed following the PRISMA recommendations. Results: The results of the systematic review showed that the hospitalization rate and numbers of out-patients have increased, leading to imposing a burden on the health system and healthcare workers (HCWs). A serious type of disease may need hospitalization and ventilatory support. The quality of healthcare institutions is unique and complex. HCWs, in their routine activities, face diverse challenges. The unexpected development of the COVID-19 pandemic was a great challenge faced by the health system and health professionals. Conclusions: The pandemic has altered the healthcare system and healthcare practice with innovative workplaces and social challenges confronted by the HCWs.
背景:2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行已影响到生活的方方面面。卫生系统和卫生保健工作者也受到COVID-19大流行的影响。由于COVID-19大流行，医护人员在医院工作面临重大挑战。有必要就COVID-19大流行期间工作面临的挑战提供证据，特别是在发展中国家。目的:本研究的目的是评估COVID-19大流行对卫生专业人员和卫生系统的影响。方法:本综述纳入2020年1月1日至2021年12月31日进行的10项研究。常见的搜索词是影响、健康、医疗保健、提供者、滥用、负担和系统。使用了不同的数据库，如Scopus、Web of Science、PubMed和谷歌Scholar。按照PRISMA的建议进行数据提取。结果:系统评价结果显示，住院率和门诊人数增加，给卫生系统和医护人员带来了负担。严重的疾病可能需要住院治疗和呼吸支持。医疗机构的质量是独特而复杂的。医护人员在日常工作中面临着各种挑战。COVID-19大流行的意外发展是卫生系统和卫生专业人员面临的巨大挑战。结论:大流行改变了卫生保健系统和卫生保健实践，卫生保健工作者面临着创新的工作场所和社会挑战。
{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 on the Health System and Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review","authors":"M. Zafar","doi":"10.5812/jhealthscope-123211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jhealthscope-123211","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected all sectors of life. The health system and healthcare workers also have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare workers (HCWs) have faced major challenges in working in the hospitals due to COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need to provide evidence regarding challenges to working during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically in developing countries. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health professionals and the health system. Methods: Ten studies conducted from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021were included in this review. Common search terms were impact, health, healthcare, providers, abuses, burden, and system. Different databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, were used. Data extraction was performed following the PRISMA recommendations. Results: The results of the systematic review showed that the hospitalization rate and numbers of out-patients have increased, leading to imposing a burden on the health system and healthcare workers (HCWs). A serious type of disease may need hospitalization and ventilatory support. The quality of healthcare institutions is unique and complex. HCWs, in their routine activities, face diverse challenges. The unexpected development of the COVID-19 pandemic was a great challenge faced by the health system and health professionals. Conclusions: The pandemic has altered the healthcare system and healthcare practice with innovative workplaces and social challenges confronted by the HCWs.","PeriodicalId":12857,"journal":{"name":"Health Scope","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44347374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：