Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2026.102040
Caleigh E. Smith , Emilie K. Sandfeld , Sheen Cherian , Peter G. Rose
Background
Recurrent ovarian cancer involving the upper abdomen can be challenging to treat with radiation therapy due to the proximity of bowel. Spacer technologies have been used in other malignancies to displace radiosensitive organs, but they are not routinely employed in gynecologic oncology.
Case
We report the case of a 71-year-old woman with a germline BRCA1 mutation and recurrent high-grade serous carcinoma following secondary cytoreduction with right hepatectomy and diaphragmatic resection. Surveillance imaging demonstrated a right upper quadrant abdominal wall recurrence overlying the hepatic flexure, precluding safe stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Following multidisciplinary review, the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy with adhesiolysis and placement of a saline-filled breast implant in the right upper quadrant to exclude bowel from the radiation field. Postoperative CT confirmed displacement of the colon, and the patient subsequently received one fraction of SBRT to the abdominal wall. The implant was removed uneventfully two days later. The patient recovered well, and subsequent imaging two months later showed the desired reduction in RUQ disease.
Conclusion
This is the first report, to our knowledge, of the use of a breast implant as a temporary spacer to facilitate safe SBRT in recurrent ovarian cancer. This removable, cost-effective approach offers a feasible solution for anatomically constrained upper abdominal recurrences in close proximity to the bowel.
{"title":"Temporary intraperitoneal breast implant spacer to facilitate safe stereotactic body radiotherapy for recurrent high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma","authors":"Caleigh E. Smith , Emilie K. Sandfeld , Sheen Cherian , Peter G. Rose","doi":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Recurrent ovarian cancer involving the upper abdomen can be challenging to treat with radiation therapy due to the proximity of bowel. Spacer technologies have been used in other malignancies to displace radiosensitive organs, but they are not routinely employed in gynecologic oncology.</div></div><div><h3>Case</h3><div>We report the case of a 71-year-old woman with a germline BRCA1 mutation and recurrent high-grade serous carcinoma following secondary cytoreduction with right hepatectomy and diaphragmatic resection. Surveillance imaging demonstrated a right upper quadrant abdominal wall recurrence overlying the hepatic flexure, precluding safe stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Following multidisciplinary review, the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy with adhesiolysis and placement of a saline-filled breast implant in the right upper quadrant to exclude bowel from the radiation field. Postoperative CT confirmed displacement of the colon, and the patient subsequently received one fraction of SBRT to the abdominal wall. The implant was removed uneventfully two days later. The patient recovered well, and subsequent imaging two months later showed the desired reduction in RUQ disease.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first report, to our knowledge, of the use of a breast implant as a temporary spacer to facilitate safe SBRT in recurrent ovarian cancer. This removable, cost-effective approach offers a feasible solution for anatomically constrained upper abdominal recurrences in close proximity to the bowel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12873,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Reports","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102040"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2026.102036
Cecilia Rossi, Graham Chapman, Allison Reid, Lindsay Ferguson, Amy Armstrong
Objective
The objective of this needs assessment is to determine self-identified areas of strength and weakness in residents’ Gynecologic Oncology (GO) knowledge and elucidate gaps that may be addressed in future curricular initiatives.
Design
This was a cross-sectional survey designed to assess the effectiveness of current GO curricula at residency programs across the United States. Needs assessment surveys were distributed via a Program Director (PD) listserv to Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) PDs in May 2024, with requests to distribute to OB/GYN residents and GO faculty. The primary outcome in this study was respondents’ overall satisfaction with their current GO curricula. Groups were compared in a pairwise fashion using Chi-squared testing for categorical variables and t test or Wilcoxon rank sum for continuous parametric and non-parametric variables, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to control for confounders and to identify variables that were independently associated with participant satisfaction. As a secondary outcome, respondent scores assigned to ten key topics within GO were ranked.
Results
There were 85 survey respondents including 51 residents and 34 faculty. The primary composite outcome of satisfaction with the current curriculum was met in 30 participants (35.3%). Those who were satisfied were more likely to be part of a large residency program (43.3% vs 20.0%, p = 0.02), and reported greater numbers of annual gynecologic oncology lectures (5 + lectures, 70.0% vs 30.9%, p=<0.001). No difference was noted between groups in regard to region or setting of residency program, gender, or rate of additional graduate degrees. Satisfaction was reported in 27.4% of residents vs 47.1% of faculty (p = 0.06).On multivariate logistic regression, having 5 or more lectures per year was the only independent predictor of higher satisfaction (aOR 4.8, 95%CI 1.7–13.4, p = 0.003). Both residents and faculty reported the strongest resident knowledge was in the following 3 key domains: preoperative and postoperative care, critical care and inpatient management, and surgical principles. Residents identified lectures as their preferred educational format, and a preference for supplemental education to be offered during protected resident education time at the workplace.
Conclusions
In this survey study we aimed to assess the overall levels of satisfaction with GO educational curricula, to identify specific areas of strengths and weaknesses within curricula, and to propose strategies for improvement. Satisfaction rates with GO curricula amongst current OBGYN residents and faculty were relatively low. Our findings suggest that investing in GO-focused lectures may improve resident education curricula.
{"title":"Gynecologic oncology education for obstetrics and gynecology residents: a needs assessment","authors":"Cecilia Rossi, Graham Chapman, Allison Reid, Lindsay Ferguson, Amy Armstrong","doi":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this needs assessment is to determine self-identified areas of strength and weakness in residents’ Gynecologic Oncology (GO) knowledge and elucidate gaps that may be addressed in future curricular initiatives.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional survey designed to assess the effectiveness of current GO curricula at residency programs across the United States. Needs assessment surveys were distributed via a Program Director (PD) listserv to Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) PDs in May 2024, with requests to distribute to OB/GYN residents and GO faculty. The primary outcome in this study was respondents’ overall satisfaction with their current GO curricula. Groups were compared in a pairwise fashion using Chi-squared testing for categorical variables and <em>t</em> test or Wilcoxon rank sum for continuous parametric and non-parametric variables, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to control for confounders and to identify variables that were independently associated with participant satisfaction. As a secondary outcome, respondent scores assigned to ten key topics within GO were ranked.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 85 survey respondents including 51 residents and 34 faculty. The primary composite outcome of satisfaction with the current curriculum was met in 30 participants (35.3%). Those who were satisfied were more likely to be part of a large residency program (43.3% vs 20.0%, p = 0.02), and reported greater numbers of annual gynecologic oncology lectures (5 + lectures, 70.0% vs 30.9%, p=<0.001). No difference was noted between groups in regard to region or setting of residency program, gender, or rate of additional graduate degrees. Satisfaction was reported in 27.4% of residents vs 47.1% of faculty (p = 0.06).On multivariate logistic regression, having 5 or more lectures per year was the only independent predictor of higher satisfaction (aOR 4.8, 95%CI 1.7–13.4, p = 0.003). Both residents and faculty reported the strongest resident knowledge was in the following 3 key domains: preoperative and postoperative care, critical care and inpatient management, and surgical principles. Residents identified lectures as their preferred educational format, and a preference for supplemental education to be offered during protected resident education time at the workplace.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this survey study we aimed to assess the overall levels of satisfaction with GO educational curricula, to identify specific areas of strengths and weaknesses within curricula, and to propose strategies for improvement. Satisfaction rates with GO curricula amongst current OBGYN residents and faculty were relatively low. Our findings suggest that investing in GO-focused lectures may improve resident education curricula.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12873,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Reports","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102036"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2026.102031
Edward A. Joseph , Manasa Mula , Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi Khan , Casey J. Allen
Background
We evaluated quality of life (QOL) and healthcare priorities among cervical cancer survivors.
Methods
We utilized the validated Short Form 12 (SF-12) survey to assess QOL (focusing on physical [P-QOL] and mental well-being [M-QOL]) and care prioritization among cervical cancer patients. Respondents were asked how they prioritize the following healthcare priorities: overall survival (OS), emotional well-being (EWB), functional independence (FI), cost of healthcare (CC), and treatment experience (TE). Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W) assessed agreement among respondents.
Results
We received 100 survey respondents, they were 45.5 ± 13.8 years old and 88% White. The most common diagnoses included squamous cell carcinoma (57.0%) and adenocarcinoma (23.0%). With moderate consensus (W = 0.340, p < 0.001), patients considered OS (1.93 ± 1.26) the most important healthcare priority, followed by FI (2.63 ± 1.11) and EWB (2.76 ± 1.10). Patients attributed the lowest rank to TE (3.23 ± 1.17) and CC (4.41 ± 1.15). Patients who received chemotherapy were more likely to rank FI (2.59 ± 1.05 chemotherapy vs 2.72 ± 1.28 no chemotherapy, p = 0.620) above EWB (2.80 ± 1.09 chemotherapy vs 2.63 ± 1.15 no chemotherapy, p = 0.528). Respondents who underwent surgery reported better P-QOL (46.94 ± 12.64 vs. 37.57 ± 11.63, p < 0.001) compared to non-surgically managed patients. Both M-QOL and P-QOL did not vary significantly throughout survivorship (P-QOL: 40.61 ± 12.76 at < 1 year vs 35.43 ± 12.57 at > 5 years, p = 0.200; M-QOL: 35.74 ± 13.65 at < 1 year vs 39.55 ± 17.74 at > 5 years; p = 0.637), and remained below that of the general population (p < 0.050).
Conclusions
Cervical cancer survivors experience persistent deficits in both physical and mental well-being and consistently prioritized OS and FI, and less frequently cost considerations. This study emphasizes the importance of personalized survivorship care that evolves with patients’ changing priorities.
{"title":"Assessing long-term quality of life and survivorship priorities in cervical cancer patients: a social media survey-based study","authors":"Edward A. Joseph , Manasa Mula , Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi Khan , Casey J. Allen","doi":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>We evaluated quality of life (QOL) and healthcare priorities among cervical cancer survivors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We utilized the validated Short Form 12 (SF-12) survey to assess QOL (focusing on physical [P-QOL] and mental well-being [M-QOL]) and care prioritization among cervical cancer patients. Respondents were asked how they prioritize the following healthcare priorities: overall survival (OS), emotional well-being (EWB), functional independence (FI), cost of healthcare (CC), and treatment experience (TE). Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W) assessed agreement among respondents.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We received 100 survey respondents, they were 45.5 ± 13.8 years old and 88% White. The most common diagnoses included squamous cell carcinoma (57.0%) and adenocarcinoma (23.0%). With moderate consensus (W = 0.340, p < 0.001), patients considered OS (1.93 ± 1.26) the most important healthcare priority, followed by FI (2.63 ± 1.11) and EWB (2.76 ± 1.10). Patients attributed the lowest rank to TE (3.23 ± 1.17) and CC (4.41 ± 1.15). Patients who received chemotherapy were more likely to rank FI (2.59 ± 1.05 chemotherapy vs 2.72 ± 1.28 no chemotherapy, p = 0.620) above EWB (2.80 ± 1.09 chemotherapy vs 2.63 ± 1.15 no chemotherapy, p = 0.528). Respondents who underwent surgery reported better P-QOL (46.94 ± 12.64 vs. 37.57 ± 11.63, p < 0.001) compared to non-surgically managed patients. Both M-QOL and P-QOL did not vary significantly throughout survivorship (P-QOL: 40.61 ± 12.76 at < 1 year vs 35.43 ± 12.57 at > 5 years, p = 0.200; M-QOL: 35.74 ± 13.65 at < 1 year vs 39.55 ± 17.74 at > 5 years; p = 0.637), and remained below that of the general population (p < 0.050).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Cervical cancer survivors experience persistent deficits in both physical and mental well-being and consistently prioritized OS and FI, and less frequently cost considerations. This study emphasizes the importance of personalized survivorship care that evolves with patients’ changing priorities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12873,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Reports","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2026.102037
Bridget S. Dillon , Rayan M. Sibira , Laura Miller , Morgan Gruner , Mahmoud Khalifa , Britt K. Erickson
Introduction
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) most commonly presents in the uterus or as a primary retroperitoneal mass. LMS metastases to the lymph nodes is exceedingly rare and to our knowledge there are no reported cases of lymphatic confined LMS.
Case Presentation.
A 72-year-old woman presented with intermittent lower abdominal cramping for about one year. Her surgical history was notable for a total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) for uterine fibroids, 25 years prior to presentation. She had no other notable medical history. She was found to have a 9 cm complex pelvic mass, extensive bulky pelvic and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and an enlarged right supraclavicular lymph node. Biopsies of the right supraclavicular lymph nodes, right para-aortic lymph nodes, and complex pelvic mass showed benign leiomyomatosis. Surgical debulking was performed including pelvic mass resection, and extensive lymphadenectomy. Final pathology confirmed metastatic LMS. The pelvic mass was found to be an enlarged obturator lymph node, positive for LMS. All visible disease was resected. She was started on an aromatase inhibitor postoperatively and has been disease free for 16 months.
Conclusion
This is a unique case of widely metastatic, yet lymphatic confined LMS in a patient with very remote history of TAH/BSO. The tumor responded well to surgical resection and aromatase inhibition. Although traditionally LMS does not involve lymphatic spread, this case demonstrates that LMS should remain in the differential when bulky lymphadenopathy is encountered. While there are rare cases of primary retroperitoneal LMS, this may be the first reported case of primary lymphatic LMS.
{"title":"Primary lymphatic leiomyosarcoma presenting as a pelvic mass","authors":"Bridget S. Dillon , Rayan M. Sibira , Laura Miller , Morgan Gruner , Mahmoud Khalifa , Britt K. Erickson","doi":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) most commonly presents in the uterus or as a primary retroperitoneal mass. LMS metastases to the lymph nodes is exceedingly rare and to our knowledge there are no reported cases of lymphatic confined LMS.</div><div>Case Presentation.</div><div>A 72-year-old woman presented with intermittent lower abdominal cramping for about one year. Her surgical history was notable for a total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) for uterine fibroids, 25 years prior to presentation. She had no other notable medical history. She was found to have a 9 cm complex pelvic mass, extensive bulky pelvic and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and an enlarged right supraclavicular lymph node. Biopsies of the right supraclavicular lymph nodes, right <em>para</em>-aortic lymph nodes, and complex pelvic mass showed benign leiomyomatosis. Surgical debulking was performed including pelvic mass resection, and extensive lymphadenectomy. Final pathology confirmed metastatic LMS. The pelvic mass was found to be an enlarged obturator lymph node, positive for LMS. All visible disease was resected. She was started on an aromatase inhibitor postoperatively and has been disease free for 16 months.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is a unique case of widely metastatic, yet lymphatic confined LMS in a patient with very remote history of TAH/BSO. The tumor responded well to surgical resection and aromatase inhibition. Although traditionally LMS does not involve lymphatic spread, this case demonstrates that LMS should remain in the differential when bulky lymphadenopathy is encountered. While there are rare cases of primary retroperitoneal LMS, this may be the first reported case of primary lymphatic LMS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12873,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Reports","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2026.102032
Erin Carter , Teri Nguyen-Guo , Paulina Guta , Vikram Soni , Jennifer McEachron
Background
Primary vaginal cancer is defined as malignancy of the vaginal wall without coexisting cervical or vulvar pathology or history of such in the past 5 years. It is a rare diagnosis, and makes up only 1–3% of all gynecologic cancer globally. Major risk factors historically have included older age, history of high-risk HPV infection, diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure, immunocompromise, history of tobacco smoking (Adams et al., 2025, Di Donato et al., 2012).
Case presentation
A healthy 32-year-old women, with well documented history of normal Pap smears presented with primary, HPV negative, invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina. The patient was diagnosed via tissue biopsy and treated successfully according to standard chemoradiation protocol for primary vaginal cancer, despite rare presentation. The patient remains disease free at 22 months and avoided vaginectomy to preserve sexual function.
Conclusions
This case emphasizes the importance of tissue biopsy for suspicious vaginal lesions, even in the absence of major risk factors for malignancy, as well as the potential broad application of standard chemoradiation in atypical presentations of primary invasive squamous cell vaginal cancer.
{"title":"Rare case of primary HPV negative vaginal cancer presenting in a young woman with normal cervix","authors":"Erin Carter , Teri Nguyen-Guo , Paulina Guta , Vikram Soni , Jennifer McEachron","doi":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Primary vaginal cancer is defined as malignancy of the vaginal wall without coexisting cervical or vulvar pathology or history of such in the past 5 years. It is a rare diagnosis, and makes up only 1–3% of all gynecologic cancer globally. Major risk factors historically have included older age, history of high-risk HPV infection, diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure, immunocompromise, history of tobacco smoking (<span><span>Adams et al., 2025</span></span>, <span><span>Di Donato et al., 2012</span></span>).</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A healthy 32-year-old women, with well documented history of normal Pap smears presented with primary, HPV negative, invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina. The patient was diagnosed via tissue biopsy and treated successfully according to standard chemoradiation protocol for primary vaginal cancer, despite rare presentation. The patient remains disease free at 22 months and avoided vaginectomy to preserve sexual function.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This case emphasizes the importance of tissue biopsy for suspicious vaginal lesions, even in the absence of major risk factors for malignancy, as well as the potential broad application of standard chemoradiation in atypical presentations of primary invasive squamous cell vaginal cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12873,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Reports","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102032"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2026.102029
Amar Zaidan , Kelly H Bruce , Mark R Hopkins , Steven I Robinson , Carl H Rose , Wendaline M VanBuren , Carrie L Langstraat
Background
Extrauterine adenosarcomas are rare gynecologic malignancies that can arise within foci of pelvic endometriosis. They are often hormone mediated and thus are challenging to treat during pregnancy.
Case presentation
We present the case of a hormone-receptor positive extrauterine adenosarcoma arising within a known focus of pelvic endometriosis diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy. The posterior pelvic mass involved and completely obstructed the colon. The patient desired pregnancy continuation and was managed with surgical intestinal diversion followed by serial surveillance with MRI imaging. Indicated primary preterm cesarean delivery was performed at 30 weeks gestation, after which she was treated with dual anti-estrogen therapy followed by definitive surgical resection. Fifteen months after surgery, she remains free from disease.
Conclusion
We review salient topics including malignant transformation of endometriosis, hormone therapy for adenosarcoma without sarcomatous overgrowth, and ethical considerations of cancer management during pregnancy.
{"title":"Active surveillance of an endometriosis-related, hormone-responsive pelvic adenosarcoma during pregnancy: A case report","authors":"Amar Zaidan , Kelly H Bruce , Mark R Hopkins , Steven I Robinson , Carl H Rose , Wendaline M VanBuren , Carrie L Langstraat","doi":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Extrauterine adenosarcomas are rare gynecologic malignancies that can arise within foci of pelvic endometriosis. They are often hormone mediated and thus are challenging to treat during pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>We present the case of a hormone-receptor positive extrauterine adenosarcoma arising within a known focus of pelvic endometriosis diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy. The posterior pelvic mass involved and completely obstructed the colon. The patient desired pregnancy continuation and was managed with surgical intestinal diversion followed by serial surveillance with MRI imaging. Indicated primary preterm cesarean delivery was performed at 30 weeks gestation, after which she was treated with dual anti-estrogen therapy followed by definitive surgical resection. Fifteen months after surgery, she remains free from disease.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We review salient topics including malignant transformation of endometriosis, hormone therapy for adenosarcoma without sarcomatous overgrowth, and ethical considerations of cancer management during pregnancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12873,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Reports","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102029"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2026.102027
Olivia N. Julian , Anika Christofsen , Ramez N. Eskander
Background
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has transformed the treatment of patients with advanced stage or recurrent mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) endometrial cancer. Importantly, however, ICI are commonly contraindicated in patients with preexisting autoimmune conditions. Immune related myasthenia gravis (irMG) is the second most common neurologic immune related adverse event (irAE) with ICIs, and there have been several case reports of ICI induced myasthenia gravis (MG) as well as cases of MG flares associated with ICI treatment.
Case Presentation
This case report describes the successful use of pembrolizumab in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel and then continued as maintenance in a 70-year-old patient with recurrent dMMR endometrial cancer and myasthenia gravis. Utilizing a multidisciplinary treatment team, the patient received plasmapheresis every 3 weeks, preceding pembrolizumab infusion, without clinical evidence of MG symptom flare. The patient remains in clinical remission 8 months following completion of maintenance therapy.
Conclusion
Pembrolizumab was safely administered, without identifiable irAEs, and a robust clinical response in a patient with dMMR EC, where the clinical benefit of immunotherapy has been well established. Historically, patients with MG have been excluded from enrollment and treatment on clinical trials. Real world, pragmatic, clinical data may help inform expanded utilization beyond trial eligibility criteria.
{"title":"Successful use of immune checkpoint Inhibition in a patient with myasthenia gravis and recurrent endometrial cancer- expanding access beyond initial clinical trial eligibility","authors":"Olivia N. Julian , Anika Christofsen , Ramez N. Eskander","doi":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div> <!-->The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors<!--> <!-->(ICI)<!--> <!-->has transformed the treatment of patients with<!--> <!-->advanced stage or recurrent<!--> <!-->mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) endometrial cancer. Importantly, however,<!--> <!-->ICI<!--> <!-->are<!--> <!-->commonly contraindicated<!--> <!-->in patients with preexisting autoimmune conditions. Immune related myasthenia gravis (irMG) is the second most common neurologic<!--> <!-->immune related adverse event (irAE)<!--> <!-->with ICIs, and there have been several case reports of ICI induced myasthenia gravis (MG) as well as cases of MG flares associated with ICI treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Case Presentation</h3><div>This case report describes the successful use of pembrolizumab in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel and then continued as maintenance in a 70-year-old patient with recurrent<!--> <!-->dMMR<!--> <!-->endometrial cancer and myasthenia gravis. Utilizing a multidisciplinary treatment team, the patient<!--> <!-->received<!--> <!-->plasmapheresis every 3 weeks, preceding pembrolizumab infusion, without clinical evidence of MG symptom flare. The patient<!--> <!-->remains<!--> <!-->in clinical<!--> <!-->remission<!--> <!-->8 months following completion of maintenance therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pembrolizumab was safely administered, without identifiable<!--> <!-->irAEs, and a robust clinical response in a patient with<!--> <!-->dMMR<!--> <!-->EC, where the clinical benefit of immunotherapy has been well established. Historically, patients with MG have been excluded from enrollment and treatment on clinical trials. Real<!--> <!-->world, pragmatic, clinical data may help inform expanded<!--> <!-->utilization<!--> <!-->beyond trial eligibility criteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12873,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Reports","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2026.102028
Chista R. Irani , Amelia Jernigan , Amma Agyemang , Tara Castellano
Introduction
Immunocompromised patients, such as those with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and solid organ transplantation (SOT) are at increased risk for persistent high-risk human papilloma viral (HPV) infection and cervical cancer due to chronic immunosuppression.
Case
A 35-year-old woman with SLE and a right pelvic renal transplant was diagnosed with HPV16-positive cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Despite history of abnormal Pap smear, inconsistent screening led to a delayed diagnosis. She underwent surgical management first followed by chemoradiation. Surgical pathology confirmed FIGO Stage IIIC1 disease. With disease progression to pulmonary, hepatic and osseous sites, the patient was started on platinum-based chemotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors leading to acute kidney transplant rejection. She was transitioned to dialysis and continues palliative chemotherapy.
Conclusion
This case highlights the challenges of treating cervical cancer in an immunosuppressed renal-transplant recipient and emphasizes the importance of individualized screening and multidisciplinary care. Immunotherapy use in transplant patients warrants cautious consideration with thorough risk–benefit counseling.
{"title":"Considerations on management of advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma in a solid organ transplant and immunocompromised patient: A case report","authors":"Chista R. Irani , Amelia Jernigan , Amma Agyemang , Tara Castellano","doi":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Immunocompromised patients, such as those with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and solid organ transplantation (SOT) are at increased risk for persistent high-risk human papilloma viral (HPV) infection and cervical cancer due to chronic immunosuppression.</div></div><div><h3>Case</h3><div>A 35-year-old woman with SLE and a right pelvic renal transplant was diagnosed with HPV16-positive cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Despite history of abnormal Pap smear, inconsistent screening led to a delayed diagnosis. She underwent surgical management first followed by chemoradiation. Surgical pathology confirmed FIGO Stage IIIC1 disease. With disease progression to pulmonary, hepatic and osseous sites, the patient was started on platinum-based chemotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors leading to acute kidney transplant rejection. She was transitioned to dialysis and continues palliative chemotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case highlights the challenges of treating cervical cancer in an immunosuppressed renal-transplant recipient and emphasizes the importance of individualized screening and multidisciplinary care. Immunotherapy use in transplant patients warrants cautious consideration with thorough risk–benefit counseling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12873,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Reports","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102028"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2026.102025
Janhvi Sookram , Nisha Garg , Kevin B. Gilchrist
Background
The sertoliform variant of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma is exceedingly rare and often mimics sex-cord stromal or Brenner tumors, creating diagnostic challenges. Case: A 72-year-old woman presented with progressive abdominal distention and pain. MRI revealed a 22.7 × 13.8 × 16 cm mixed cystic–solid pelvic mass with mild ascites and elevated tumor markers. She underwent total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, and lymphadenectomy. Pathology demonstrated low-grade endometrioid carcinoma, sertoliform variant, confined to the left ovary. Immunostains were positive for ER, AE1/AE3, β-catenin (nuclear/cytoplasmic), CDX2, and EMA. Molecular profiling revealed CTNNB1 (p.S33A) and FBXW7 (p.Q624*) pathogenic variants. She received adjuvant letrozole and remains disease-free at 3 years post-surgery. Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of ovarian tumors with sertoliform morphology and the importance of integrating morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular data. When confined to the ovary, prognosis is excellent following surgical resection. Endocrine therapy may be considered on an individualized basis in hormone-responsive tumors, although its role in early-stage disease remains unproven.
{"title":"Early-stage sertoliform endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary: diagnostic, molecular, and therapeutic considerations","authors":"Janhvi Sookram , Nisha Garg , Kevin B. Gilchrist","doi":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The sertoliform variant of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma is exceedingly rare and often mimics sex-cord stromal or Brenner tumors, creating diagnostic challenges. <strong>Case</strong><strong>:</strong> A 72-year-old woman presented with progressive abdominal distention and pain. MRI revealed a 22.7 × 13.8 × 16 cm mixed cystic–solid pelvic mass with mild ascites and elevated tumor markers. She underwent total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, and lymphadenectomy. Pathology demonstrated low-grade endometrioid carcinoma, sertoliform variant, confined to the left ovary. Immunostains were positive for ER, AE1/AE3, β-catenin (nuclear/cytoplasmic), CDX2, and EMA. Molecular profiling revealed CTNNB1 (p.S33A) and FBXW7 (p.Q624*) pathogenic variants. She received adjuvant letrozole and remains disease-free at 3 years post-surgery. <strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>:</strong> This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of ovarian tumors with sertoliform morphology and the importance of integrating morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular data. When confined to the ovary, prognosis is excellent following surgical resection. Endocrine therapy may be considered on an individualized basis in hormone-responsive tumors, although its role in early-stage disease remains unproven.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12873,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Reports","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2026.102021
Emily A. Miller , Amita Kulkarni , Jeff F. Lin , Evelyn Cantillo , Melissa K. Frey , Eloise Chapman-Davis , Higinia Cardenes , Kevin Holcomb
Background: While chemotherapy has largely replaced radiation therapy in upfront treatment of ovarian cancer, radiation has shown potential in the recurrent setting where chemoresistance, toxicities, and patient preferences may limit other treatment options. Hypofractionated radiation therapy (HFRT) is a highly conformal radiation therapy in which higher doses of radiation are delivered per treatment with the goal of fewer treatments. Objectives: To evaluate treatment response and survival for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer treated with HFRT and to evaluate treatment toxicity.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who received HFRT for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer at a single, large academic institution. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment history details of the HFRT were collected via electronic medical record chart review. Outcomes including treatment response, survival and toxicity profile were analyzed. Treatment response was defined by RECIST 1.1 criteria. Toxicities were defined using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Criteria.
Results: 22 patients were reviewed. 1 patient (4.55%) had a complete response, 8 patients (36%) had a partial response, 7 patients (32%) had stable disease and 3 patients (14%) had progressive disease, and 3 patients (14%) were unevaluable by RECIST 1.1 criteria after treatment with HFRT. Mean progression free survival (PFS) was 11.5 months and overall survival (OS) was 28.7 months. HFRT was well-tolerated with no Grade 3 or 4 toxicities. The majority of patient’s had one to two lesions which were targeted for treatment.
Conclusions: For well-selected patients, particularly those with oligometastatic disease, HFRT should be considered as an additional treatment option for recurrent ovarian cancer.
{"title":"Hypofractionated short course radiation therapy for recurrent ovarian cancer","authors":"Emily A. Miller , Amita Kulkarni , Jeff F. Lin , Evelyn Cantillo , Melissa K. Frey , Eloise Chapman-Davis , Higinia Cardenes , Kevin Holcomb","doi":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gore.2026.102021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Background: While chemotherapy has largely replaced radiation therapy in upfront treatment of ovarian cancer, radiation has shown potential in the recurrent setting where chemoresistance, toxicities, and patient preferences may limit other treatment options. Hypofractionated radiation therapy (HFRT) is a highly conformal radiation therapy in which higher doses of radiation are delivered per treatment with the goal of fewer treatments. Objectives: To evaluate treatment response and survival for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer treated with HFRT and to evaluate treatment toxicity.</div><div>Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who received HFRT for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer at a single, large academic institution. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment history details of the HFRT were collected via electronic medical record chart review. Outcomes including treatment response, survival and toxicity profile were analyzed. Treatment response was defined by RECIST 1.1 criteria. Toxicities were defined using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Criteria.</div><div>Results: 22 patients were reviewed. 1 patient (4.55%) had a complete response, 8 patients (36%) had a partial response, 7 patients (32%) had stable disease and 3 patients (14%) had progressive disease, and 3 patients (14%) were unevaluable by RECIST 1.1 criteria after treatment with HFRT. Mean progression free survival (PFS) was 11.5 months and overall survival (OS) was 28.7 months. HFRT was well-tolerated with no Grade 3 or 4 toxicities. The majority of patient’s had one to two lesions which were targeted for treatment.</div><div>Conclusions: For well-selected patients, particularly those with oligometastatic disease, HFRT should be considered as an additional treatment option for recurrent ovarian cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12873,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Reports","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102021"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}