Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.2.211-220
Firli Rahmah, Primula Dewi, Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih, Adelah Putri, Milenia Sari, Umidah Nur Alfiah, Vuanghao Lim, U. Zubaidah, Alfiah Hayati
Breast cancer can perform metastasis to distant organs and cause more than 90% of malignancy-related deaths. The anti-metastasis potency of nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin and squamocin against MCF-7 cells is currently studied. First, IC50 determination of both free annonacin and squamocin to evaluate their potency as cytotoxic agents. Upon getting the IC50 value, both compounds are conjugated into nanodiamonds. Drug loading efficiencies of nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin and squamocin are 88.9% and 89.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the ND-annonacin and ND-squamocin complex size is 150-300 nm based on SEM imaging. Subsequently, cell viability assessment of MCF-7 was performed with six cohort designs, namely, K (control cell), AN (annonacin), SQ (squamocin), NDAN (nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin), and NDSQ (nanodiamond-conjugated squamocin). Both IC50 and cell viability are assessed by MTT assay after 24 h incubation. All cohorts also underwent gene expression analysis subject to the metastasis markers CTNND1 (catenin delta 1), NOTCH4, and C-JUN. Here, the IC50 of both free annonacin (4.52 µg/ml) and squamocin (10.03 µg/ml) are more than IC50 of potent anticancer (< 4 µg/ml) for pure compounds. However, nanodiamond conjugation to both compounds can decrease cell viability better than free compounds. Compared to K, nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin and squamocin significantly decreases cell viability after 24 h incubation. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed significant pro-metastasis (C-JUN and NOTCH4) upregulation and anti-metastasis (CTNND1) downregulation in tumors compared to normal. Recent findings demonstrated that nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin can significantly upregulate CTNND1 and significantly downregulate C-JUN and NOTCH4. Even so, nanodiamond-conjugated squamocin upregulate CTNND1 but not significantly and significantly downregulate C-JUN and NOTCH4.
{"title":"Annonacin and Squamocin Conjugation with Nanodiamond Alters Metastatic Marker Expression in Breast Cancer Cell Line","authors":"Firli Rahmah, Primula Dewi, Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih, Adelah Putri, Milenia Sari, Umidah Nur Alfiah, Vuanghao Lim, U. Zubaidah, Alfiah Hayati","doi":"10.4308/hjb.31.2.211-220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.31.2.211-220","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer can perform metastasis to distant organs and cause more than 90% of malignancy-related deaths. The anti-metastasis potency of nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin and squamocin against MCF-7 cells is currently studied. First, IC50 determination of both free annonacin and squamocin to evaluate their potency as cytotoxic agents. Upon getting the IC50 value, both compounds are conjugated into nanodiamonds. Drug loading efficiencies of nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin and squamocin are 88.9% and 89.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the ND-annonacin and ND-squamocin complex size is 150-300 nm based on SEM imaging. Subsequently, cell viability assessment of MCF-7 was performed with six cohort designs, namely, K (control cell), AN (annonacin), SQ (squamocin), NDAN (nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin), and NDSQ (nanodiamond-conjugated squamocin). Both IC50 and cell viability are assessed by MTT assay after 24 h incubation. All cohorts also underwent gene expression analysis subject to the metastasis markers CTNND1 (catenin delta 1), NOTCH4, and C-JUN. Here, the IC50 of both free annonacin (4.52 µg/ml) and squamocin (10.03 µg/ml) are more than IC50 of potent anticancer (< 4 µg/ml) for pure compounds. However, nanodiamond conjugation to both compounds can decrease cell viability better than free compounds. Compared to K, nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin and squamocin significantly decreases cell viability after 24 h incubation. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed significant pro-metastasis (C-JUN and NOTCH4) upregulation and anti-metastasis (CTNND1) downregulation in tumors compared to normal. Recent findings demonstrated that nanodiamond-conjugated annonacin can significantly upregulate CTNND1 and significantly downregulate C-JUN and NOTCH4. Even so, nanodiamond-conjugated squamocin upregulate CTNND1 but not significantly and significantly downregulate C-JUN and NOTCH4.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139286455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Actinobacteria are Gram-positive bacteria that can produce various secondary metabolites, including pigments that have potential as antioxidants. This study assessed the characteristics of yellowish-orange pigmented actinobacteria. The antioxidant activity of their extract pigment was tested by DPPH and analyzed by LC-MS. The identification results based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that the HRA isolate had 99.91% similarity value to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43, the HVA isolate had 99.22% similarities value to S. tendae ATCC 19812 and the HVB isolate had 81.18% similarities value to Rhodococcus ruber DSM 43338. Meanwhile, AGM 2.2 and 2.3 isolates had similarities to S. xanthophaeus NRRL B-5414 with similarity values of 98.95% and 99.82%, respectively. The Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) of actinobacterial crude extract pigments ranges from 53.38 µg/ml to 184.38 µg/ml. The HVB isolates with the major compound luteolin, have the highest antioxidant activity. The crude extract pigment of HVB isolates may consider rich in luteolin and has potency as an antioxidant.
{"title":"Identification, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Yellowish-Orange Pigments Actinobacteria","authors":"Farhana Halimah Rusyda, Irmanida Batubara, Yulin Lestari","doi":"10.4308/hjb.31.1.200-210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.31.1.200-210","url":null,"abstract":"Actinobacteria are Gram-positive bacteria that can produce various secondary metabolites, including pigments that have potential as antioxidants. This study assessed the characteristics of yellowish-orange pigmented actinobacteria. The antioxidant activity of their extract pigment was tested by DPPH and analyzed by LC-MS. The identification results based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that the HRA isolate had 99.91% similarity value to Streptomyces gramineus JR-43, the HVA isolate had 99.22% similarities value to S. tendae ATCC 19812 and the HVB isolate had 81.18% similarities value to Rhodococcus ruber DSM 43338. Meanwhile, AGM 2.2 and 2.3 isolates had similarities to S. xanthophaeus NRRL B-5414 with similarity values of 98.95% and 99.82%, respectively. The Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) of actinobacterial crude extract pigments ranges from 53.38 µg/ml to 184.38 µg/ml. The HVB isolates with the major compound luteolin, have the highest antioxidant activity. The crude extract pigment of HVB isolates may consider rich in luteolin and has potency as an antioxidant.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study is concerned with the screening the cellulase-producing bacteria from termite gut, assessed potential cellulase-producing bacteria and partial characterization (optimum parameters) of cellulase from isolated bacteria. The result showed that 15 out of 48 isolated strains was positive for degrading the carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) in agar by congo-red method. After screening by DNS assay, three selected bacteria exhibited high cellulase activity that were identified as Citrobacter amalonaticus CM 1-3, Bacillus cereus CM 5-1 and Streptococcus salivarius CE 5-1 using 16S rRNA sequence analysis. All bacterial strains utilized CMC and showed the highest cellulase activity. Cellulase characterization of C. amalonaticus CM 1-3 and S. salivarius CE 5-1 was revealed optimum activity at 35°C, pH 7.0 and for 48 h. Bacillus cereus CM 5-1 represented its potential use in industrial processes due to thermostable cellulase production. The crude cellulase of this strain was purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation with 1.58 purification fold and 74.38% overall recovery. The optimal temperature and pH for cellulase activity of B. cereus CM 5-1 were at 40°C and pH 7.0. Thus, this study provided additional information about the diversity and partial characteristic cellulase of cellulolytic bacteria from termite gut for future industrial applications.
本研究对白蚁肠道产纤维素酶菌进行了筛选，评估了产纤维素酶菌的潜力，并对分离菌的纤维素酶进行了部分表征(最佳参数)。结果表明，48株分离菌株中有15株对琼脂中羧甲基纤维素(CMC)有赤红法降解阳性反应。经DNS法筛选，筛选出3株纤维素酶活性较高的细菌，经16S rRNA序列分析，鉴定为柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter amalonaticus) CM 1-3、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus) CM 5-1和唾液链球菌(Streptococcus salivarius) CE 5-1。所有菌株均利用CMC，纤维素酶活性最高。在35°C、pH 7.0和48 h条件下，C. amalonaticus CM 1-3和S. salivarius CE 5-1的纤维素酶活性最佳。蜡样芽孢杆菌CM 5-1因其耐热纤维素酶的生产而在工业生产中具有潜在的应用前景。采用(NH4)2SO4沉淀法纯化粗纤维素酶，纯化倍数为1.58倍，总回收率为74.38%。蜡样芽孢杆菌CM - 5-1纤维素酶活性的最佳温度和pH为40℃，pH为7.0。因此，本研究为今后的工业应用提供了更多关于白蚁肠道纤维素分解菌的多样性和部分特性的信息。
{"title":"Isolation, Identification and Assessment of Efficient Cellulase Producing Bacteria from the Termite Guts","authors":"Sirikhwan Tinrat, Lueacha Tabtimmai, Saranya Sedtananun, Chakrit Tachaapaikoon, Kiattawee Choowongkomon","doi":"10.4308/hjb.31.1.182-191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.31.1.182-191","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is concerned with the screening the cellulase-producing bacteria from termite gut, assessed potential cellulase-producing bacteria and partial characterization (optimum parameters) of cellulase from isolated bacteria. The result showed that 15 out of 48 isolated strains was positive for degrading the carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) in agar by congo-red method. After screening by DNS assay, three selected bacteria exhibited high cellulase activity that were identified as Citrobacter amalonaticus CM 1-3, Bacillus cereus CM 5-1 and Streptococcus salivarius CE 5-1 using 16S rRNA sequence analysis. All bacterial strains utilized CMC and showed the highest cellulase activity. Cellulase characterization of C. amalonaticus CM 1-3 and S. salivarius CE 5-1 was revealed optimum activity at 35°C, pH 7.0 and for 48 h. Bacillus cereus CM 5-1 represented its potential use in industrial processes due to thermostable cellulase production. The crude cellulase of this strain was purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation with 1.58 purification fold and 74.38% overall recovery. The optimal temperature and pH for cellulase activity of B. cereus CM 5-1 were at 40°C and pH 7.0. Thus, this study provided additional information about the diversity and partial characteristic cellulase of cellulolytic bacteria from termite gut for future industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135371555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proteolytic enzymes are widely used to produce protein hydrolysates that contain bioactive peptides. Some of bioactive peptides are known inhibit the angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) and act as human antihypertensive. Therefore, this study aims to produce protein hydrolysates via 16 hours of digestion process using Chenopodium formosanum (red quinoa) seed and the proteases, namely pepsin, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and thermolysin. The hydrolysates profiles and ACE-I inhibitory activity were analyzed using reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The SDS-PAGE was also used to analyze the main storage protein in red quinoa seed, identified as being 11S seed storage globulin. Meanwhile, the ACE inhibitor activities of red quinoa seed protein (RQSP) produced by various proteases include the hydrolysate of pepsin 17.03% ± 3.88%, trypsin 42.67% ± 3.19%, α-chymotrypsin 72.71% ± 2.85% and thermolysin 77.67% ± 0.98%. These results show that red quinoa seed protein is a potential source of significant ACE inhibitor activity when hydrolyzed with α-chymotrypsin and thermolysin.
{"title":"Study of Antihypertensive Activity from Red Quinoa Seed Protein Hydrolysate Digested by Various Protease Enzymes","authors":"Dininurilmi Putri Suleman, None Harijono, Jue-Liang Hsu","doi":"10.4308/hjb.31.1.192-199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.31.1.192-199","url":null,"abstract":"Proteolytic enzymes are widely used to produce protein hydrolysates that contain bioactive peptides. Some of bioactive peptides are known inhibit the angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) and act as human antihypertensive. Therefore, this study aims to produce protein hydrolysates via 16 hours of digestion process using Chenopodium formosanum (red quinoa) seed and the proteases, namely pepsin, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and thermolysin. The hydrolysates profiles and ACE-I inhibitory activity were analyzed using reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The SDS-PAGE was also used to analyze the main storage protein in red quinoa seed, identified as being 11S seed storage globulin. Meanwhile, the ACE inhibitor activities of red quinoa seed protein (RQSP) produced by various proteases include the hydrolysate of pepsin 17.03% ± 3.88%, trypsin 42.67% ± 3.19%, α-chymotrypsin 72.71% ± 2.85% and thermolysin 77.67% ± 0.98%. These results show that red quinoa seed protein is a potential source of significant ACE inhibitor activity when hydrolyzed with α-chymotrypsin and thermolysin.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135371554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.1.153-160
Imee S. Maynawang, Edison D Macusi, Nur Fadli, Ivy M. Nallos
Gastropods are a highly abundant group of mollusks in the marine environment. Marine gastropods primarily function as prey for other animals, grazers which help recycle nutrients and increase bioturbation activities in the marine ecosystem. Edible gastropods are significant to the economy of coastal communities. However, overexploitation leads to harming the population of marine gastropods. The study aimed to determine the diversity of gastropods harvested at Guang-guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental. It also assessed the abundance of the identified gastropods in the area. This study used purposive sampling to enroll gleaners (N = 30) who collected shells and monitored their gastropod harvest. The harvested gastropods were segregated, counted, and identified with the help of gleaners. A total of ten gastropod species were identified from the family of Strombidae, Conidae, Neritidae, Cypraeidae, and Turbinidae. The most abundant group after harvest was Canarium urceus, with a relative abundance of 67%, followed by Ilyanassa obsoleta, with 22%. However, the least harvested species was Nerita, with a relative abundance of 0.18%. The findings revealed that the harvested gastropods in Guang-guang have a diversity index of 0.99, indicating a low diversity of gastropods in the area. This low diversity could mean the area experienced overexploitation through time as gleaners have heavily harvested gastropods. With that, it is highly recommended that conservation should be prioritized to preserve the seashells.
{"title":"Diversity of Harvested Gastropods in Guang-Guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental, Philippines","authors":"Imee S. Maynawang, Edison D Macusi, Nur Fadli, Ivy M. Nallos","doi":"10.4308/hjb.31.1.153-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.31.1.153-160","url":null,"abstract":"Gastropods are a highly abundant group of mollusks in the marine environment. Marine gastropods primarily function as prey for other animals, grazers which help recycle nutrients and increase bioturbation activities in the marine ecosystem. Edible gastropods are significant to the economy of coastal communities. However, overexploitation leads to harming the population of marine gastropods. The study aimed to determine the diversity of gastropods harvested at Guang-guang, Mati City, Davao Oriental. It also assessed the abundance of the identified gastropods in the area. This study used purposive sampling to enroll gleaners (N = 30) who collected shells and monitored their gastropod harvest. The harvested gastropods were segregated, counted, and identified with the help of gleaners. A total of ten gastropod species were identified from the family of Strombidae, Conidae, Neritidae, Cypraeidae, and Turbinidae. The most abundant group after harvest was Canarium urceus, with a relative abundance of 67%, followed by Ilyanassa obsoleta, with 22%. However, the least harvested species was Nerita, with a relative abundance of 0.18%. The findings revealed that the harvested gastropods in Guang-guang have a diversity index of 0.99, indicating a low diversity of gastropods in the area. This low diversity could mean the area experienced overexploitation through time as gleaners have heavily harvested gastropods. With that, it is highly recommended that conservation should be prioritized to preserve the seashells.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135930996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.1.161-170
Siti Sholekha, Sri Budiarti, Akhmad Endang Zainal Hasan, Ni Putu Ratna Ayu Krishanti, Aris Tri Wahyudi
Actinomycetes are known to be a source of natural products and drugs. Gordonia terrae, an actinomycete pigment producer, shows potential in producing pigment with antimicrobial activity. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of the active pigment fraction produced by the actinomycete G. terrae, assess the effects of the active pigment fraction on microbial cells, and identify the types of compounds present in the fraction. The pigment extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Specifically, it showed activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Furthermore, the study evaluated the antimicrobial activities of the active fractions, revealed the active fraction had better antimicrobial activity than the crude extract. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the active fraction of the pigment causes damage to B. subtilis ATCC 6633 cells, inhibits the formation of filaments in C. albicans ATCC 10231, and alters the normal shape of the cells. LC-MS/MS results showed that the active fraction contained several compounds known for their antimicrobial activity. Among the dominant compounds identified were cholestyramine, aminopregnane, and sphinganine. Thus, this study demonstrated that the orange pigment extract derived from G. terrae JSN1.9 exhibits promising antimicrobial activity.
众所周知，放线菌是天然产物和药物的来源。放线菌地戈登菌(Gordonia terrae)是一种产生色素的放线菌，具有生产具有抗菌活性的色素的潜力。本研究旨在测定放线菌G. terrae活性色素组分的抑菌活性，评估活性色素组分对微生物细胞的影响，并鉴定活性色素组分中存在的化合物类型。该色素提取物对革兰氏阳性菌和真菌具有抗菌活性。其中，对枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 6633、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 25293、白色念珠菌ATCC 10231均有抑制作用。进一步对其活性部位进行抑菌活性评价，发现其抑菌活性优于粗提物。扫描电镜(SEM)证实，该色素的活性部分对枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 6633细胞造成损伤，抑制白色芽孢杆菌ATCC 10231细胞细丝的形成，并改变细胞的正常形状。LC-MS/MS结果表明，活性部位含有多种已知的抑菌活性化合物。鉴定出的主要化合物有胆甾胺、氨基孕烯和鞘氨酸。因此，本研究表明，G. terrae JSN1.9提取的橙色素提取物具有良好的抗菌活性。
{"title":"Antimicrobial Potential of an Actinomycete Gordonia terrae JSN1.9-Derived Orange Pigment Extract","authors":"Siti Sholekha, Sri Budiarti, Akhmad Endang Zainal Hasan, Ni Putu Ratna Ayu Krishanti, Aris Tri Wahyudi","doi":"10.4308/hjb.31.1.161-170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.31.1.161-170","url":null,"abstract":"Actinomycetes are known to be a source of natural products and drugs. Gordonia terrae, an actinomycete pigment producer, shows potential in producing pigment with antimicrobial activity. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of the active pigment fraction produced by the actinomycete G. terrae, assess the effects of the active pigment fraction on microbial cells, and identify the types of compounds present in the fraction. The pigment extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Specifically, it showed activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Furthermore, the study evaluated the antimicrobial activities of the active fractions, revealed the active fraction had better antimicrobial activity than the crude extract. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the active fraction of the pigment causes damage to B. subtilis ATCC 6633 cells, inhibits the formation of filaments in C. albicans ATCC 10231, and alters the normal shape of the cells. LC-MS/MS results showed that the active fraction contained several compounds known for their antimicrobial activity. Among the dominant compounds identified were cholestyramine, aminopregnane, and sphinganine. Thus, this study demonstrated that the orange pigment extract derived from G. terrae JSN1.9 exhibits promising antimicrobial activity.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135930992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.1.171-181
None Amanatun Nisa, Triadiati Triadiati, Sulistijorini Sulistijorini, Martyna M Kotowska
Oil palm has been widely studied regarding growth and development, water use, productivity, and other economically relevant functions. However, not much is known about the hydraulic conductivity of oil palm root systems and how xylem vessels perform their function to transport water from roots to shoots so far. This information is needed to describe oil palm strategies to maintain water status, especially in oil palms that grow under various soil hydrological regimes. To investigate the root hydraulic performance, we measured mean xylem vessel diameter (D), vessel density (VD), vessel lumen area (Alumen), and potential hydraulic conductivity (Kp) for oil palm root samples in seasonally flooded riparian and well-drained sites at Harapan Jambi Forest. The result showed that D, Alumen, and Kp increased with increasing root diameter at both plantation types. On the contrary, VD significantly decreased with increasing root diameter. Potential hydraulic conductivity (Kp) in riparian sites was smaller than in well-drained sites and significantly different in root diameter >2-5 and >5-10 mm and related to both plantation types. The low potential hydraulic conductivity of root xylem vessels and the narrowing of xylem vessel lumen that occurs in oil palm roots in the seasonally flooded riparian sites were presumed as adaptation mechanisms to maintain water supply from the roots to the shoot in oil palm plants in these sites.
{"title":"Xylem Vessels Traits of Oil Palm Roots Influenced by Root Diameter and Soil Hydrological Regime","authors":"None Amanatun Nisa, Triadiati Triadiati, Sulistijorini Sulistijorini, Martyna M Kotowska","doi":"10.4308/hjb.31.1.171-181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.31.1.171-181","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm has been widely studied regarding growth and development, water use, productivity, and other economically relevant functions. However, not much is known about the hydraulic conductivity of oil palm root systems and how xylem vessels perform their function to transport water from roots to shoots so far. This information is needed to describe oil palm strategies to maintain water status, especially in oil palms that grow under various soil hydrological regimes. To investigate the root hydraulic performance, we measured mean xylem vessel diameter (D), vessel density (VD), vessel lumen area (Alumen), and potential hydraulic conductivity (Kp) for oil palm root samples in seasonally flooded riparian and well-drained sites at Harapan Jambi Forest. The result showed that D, Alumen, and Kp increased with increasing root diameter at both plantation types. On the contrary, VD significantly decreased with increasing root diameter. Potential hydraulic conductivity (Kp) in riparian sites was smaller than in well-drained sites and significantly different in root diameter >2-5 and >5-10 mm and related to both plantation types. The low potential hydraulic conductivity of root xylem vessels and the narrowing of xylem vessel lumen that occurs in oil palm roots in the seasonally flooded riparian sites were presumed as adaptation mechanisms to maintain water supply from the roots to the shoot in oil palm plants in these sites.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135930993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-22DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.1.145-152
Lis Rosmanah, Uus Saepuloh, Sela Septima Mariya, Irma Herawati Suparto, Wasmen Manalu, Adi Winarto, Huda Shalahudin Darusman
Amyloid plaques and Neurofibrillary Tangles (NFTs) are known to be key pathological features of Alzheimer disease. To gain a better understanding of this disease, studies were carried out on the Indonesian primates, the long-tailed macaques, using a spontaneous Alzheimer's disease model. Examining and identifying genetic markers involved in plaque formation and NFTs in long-tailed macaques is necessary to reveal their physiological processes. In this study, the expression of genes involved in the development of amyloid plaque (Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP)) and those that control the phosphorylation of tau protein (CDK5 and AKT1) was examined in the long-tailed macaque brain. This study showed that APP, CDK5, and AKT1 may potentially be developed as genetic markers of Alzheimer's disease. Long-tailed macaques exhibited the development of amyloid plaque in the aging brain based on the analysis of the gene expression profile of its biomarker. Furthermore, long-tailed macaques can be optimized for neurodegenerative models.
{"title":"Expression of APP, CDK5, and AKT1 Gene Related to Alzheimer Disease in Brain of Long-tailed Macaques","authors":"Lis Rosmanah, Uus Saepuloh, Sela Septima Mariya, Irma Herawati Suparto, Wasmen Manalu, Adi Winarto, Huda Shalahudin Darusman","doi":"10.4308/hjb.31.1.145-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.31.1.145-152","url":null,"abstract":"Amyloid plaques and Neurofibrillary Tangles (NFTs) are known to be key pathological features of Alzheimer disease. To gain a better understanding of this disease, studies were carried out on the Indonesian primates, the long-tailed macaques, using a spontaneous Alzheimer's disease model. Examining and identifying genetic markers involved in plaque formation and NFTs in long-tailed macaques is necessary to reveal their physiological processes. In this study, the expression of genes involved in the development of amyloid plaque (Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP)) and those that control the phosphorylation of tau protein (CDK5 and AKT1) was examined in the long-tailed macaque brain. This study showed that APP, CDK5, and AKT1 may potentially be developed as genetic markers of Alzheimer's disease. Long-tailed macaques exhibited the development of amyloid plaque in the aging brain based on the analysis of the gene expression profile of its biomarker. Furthermore, long-tailed macaques can be optimized for neurodegenerative models.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135463195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The antibacterial agent can be extracted from plants, animals, and microorganisms such as fungi. The potential antibacterial activity of laccase derived from fungi remains limited in current reports. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of laccase from Indonesian white rot fungi (WRF) and explore its potential as an antibacterial agent. The laccases were produced by Trametes hirsuta D7, Trametes hirsuta EDN 082, Leiotrametes menziesii BRB 73, and Lentinus sajor-caju BRB 12 using oil palm empty fruit bunch as a substrate. The results showed that the Indonesian WRF tested produced brownish-yellow laccase. FTIR analysis demonstrated similar peak patterns but distinct absorption intensities among the laccases. Trametes hirsuta D7 gained 0.044 U/ml of the greatest laccase activity. Laccase, with minimal activity of 0.001 U/ml–0.026 U/ml, suppressed the propagation of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa could be inhibited by the laccase with a minimum activity of 0.002 U/ml–0.044 U/ml. However, S. aureus and E. coli showed the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration in the laccase activity range of 0.018 U/ml–0.308 U/ml. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria grow more slowly when the laccase is present, supposed the laccase as a potential antibacterial agent.
{"title":"The First Evidence of Potential Antibacterial Activity of Laccase Enzyme from Indonesian White Rot Fungi against Pathogenic Bacteria","authors":"Sita Heris Anita, None Deni Zulfiana, None Ananda Digita, None Nafisah Nuha, None Vilya Syafriana, None Amelia Febriani, None Dede Heri Yuli Yanto","doi":"10.4308/hjb.31.1.133-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.31.1.133-144","url":null,"abstract":"The antibacterial agent can be extracted from plants, animals, and microorganisms such as fungi. The potential antibacterial activity of laccase derived from fungi remains limited in current reports. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of laccase from Indonesian white rot fungi (WRF) and explore its potential as an antibacterial agent. The laccases were produced by Trametes hirsuta D7, Trametes hirsuta EDN 082, Leiotrametes menziesii BRB 73, and Lentinus sajor-caju BRB 12 using oil palm empty fruit bunch as a substrate. The results showed that the Indonesian WRF tested produced brownish-yellow laccase. FTIR analysis demonstrated similar peak patterns but distinct absorption intensities among the laccases. Trametes hirsuta D7 gained 0.044 U/ml of the greatest laccase activity. Laccase, with minimal activity of 0.001 U/ml–0.026 U/ml, suppressed the propagation of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa could be inhibited by the laccase with a minimum activity of 0.002 U/ml–0.044 U/ml. However, S. aureus and E. coli showed the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration in the laccase activity range of 0.018 U/ml–0.308 U/ml. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria grow more slowly when the laccase is present, supposed the laccase as a potential antibacterial agent.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135821711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.1.126-132
Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra, Arif Wibowo, Anang Hari Kristanto
A Barred rainbowfish (Chilatherina fasciata) is one of the native fish species found in Western New Guinea of Indonesia. This study aimed to observe the levels of haplotype diversity in the partial Cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of Barred rainbowfish. For the DNA analysis, thirty (30) Barred rainbowfishes were caught from the Mamberamo River. Three (3) molecular packages of BioEdit, MEGA, and DNAsp were used to analyze twenty (30) forward sequences of the COI gene (502 bp). The research showed four (4) haplotypes for the examined population, a total of seven (7) mutations, and low genetic diversity detected in the partial COI gene with the haplotype diversity (Hd) = 0.405 and nucleotide diversity (pi) = 0.003. Meanwhile, the Fu's and Tajima's tests were 1.21 and -0.69, respectively. The UPGMA tree with 1,000 × bootstrap replications revealed that Barred rainbowfishes are grouped into similar clusters with Melanotaenia vanheurni, Chilatherina alleni, and Chilatherina bleheri. In conclusion, haplotype 3 (77%) was detected as the common haplotype for Barred rainbowfishes at the Mamberamo River of Western New Guinea.
{"title":"Haplotype Diversity in the Mitochondrial COI Gene of Barred Rainbowfish (Chilaterina fasciata) from Mamberamo River of Western New Guinea, Indonesia","authors":"Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra, Arif Wibowo, Anang Hari Kristanto","doi":"10.4308/hjb.31.1.126-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.31.1.126-132","url":null,"abstract":"A Barred rainbowfish (Chilatherina fasciata) is one of the native fish species found in Western New Guinea of Indonesia. This study aimed to observe the levels of haplotype diversity in the partial Cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of Barred rainbowfish. For the DNA analysis, thirty (30) Barred rainbowfishes were caught from the Mamberamo River. Three (3) molecular packages of BioEdit, MEGA, and DNAsp were used to analyze twenty (30) forward sequences of the COI gene (502 bp). The research showed four (4) haplotypes for the examined population, a total of seven (7) mutations, and low genetic diversity detected in the partial COI gene with the haplotype diversity (Hd) = 0.405 and nucleotide diversity (pi) = 0.003. Meanwhile, the Fu's and Tajima's tests were 1.21 and -0.69, respectively. The UPGMA tree with 1,000 × bootstrap replications revealed that Barred rainbowfishes are grouped into similar clusters with Melanotaenia vanheurni, Chilatherina alleni, and Chilatherina bleheri. In conclusion, haplotype 3 (77%) was detected as the common haplotype for Barred rainbowfishes at the Mamberamo River of Western New Guinea.","PeriodicalId":12927,"journal":{"name":"HAYATI Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135942851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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