The construction of Gothic church towers with carved stone spires and often with significant height required the most advanced technology and financial support of their age, and the application of advanced machines was also inevitable for it. This article is an attempt to virtually reconstruct and visualise the process of a 15th-century tower construction, including the main auxiliary structures: scaffolding and machinery. A series of 3D models is created for that purpose, using the contemporary plans of the partly realised north tower of St. Stephen’s church in Vienna, the contemporary machine drawings of the Strasbourg-based master builder Hans Hammer, and contemporary and neo-Gothic drawings of scaffoldings together with survived exemplars as sources. An important question was whether medieval technical drawings contain enough data to model the structures or devices that they depict and if the construction process could be represented using them.
{"title":"Construction of a Gothic Church Tower: A 3D Visualisation Based on Drawn Sources and Contemporary Artefacts","authors":"Zoltán Bereczki","doi":"10.3390/heritage7020052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7020052","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of Gothic church towers with carved stone spires and often with significant height required the most advanced technology and financial support of their age, and the application of advanced machines was also inevitable for it. This article is an attempt to virtually reconstruct and visualise the process of a 15th-century tower construction, including the main auxiliary structures: scaffolding and machinery. A series of 3D models is created for that purpose, using the contemporary plans of the partly realised north tower of St. Stephen’s church in Vienna, the contemporary machine drawings of the Strasbourg-based master builder Hans Hammer, and contemporary and neo-Gothic drawings of scaffoldings together with survived exemplars as sources. An important question was whether medieval technical drawings contain enough data to model the structures or devices that they depict and if the construction process could be represented using them.","PeriodicalId":12934,"journal":{"name":"Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140453371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Laguna-Palma, Maurizio Toscano, Carlos Rodríguez-Rellán
Anthropogenic and environmental processes present unique challenges for preserving cultural heritage in North Africa. Large parts of this region are characterised by unfavourable arid and semi-arid conditions and rapid changes to the landscapes caused by heightened regional development (e.g., urban expansion, road building, agricultural intensification, and socio-political conflicts). As a result, we are facing a fast-paced disappearance of heritage sites in regions that are still poorly understood. Following this, the utilisation of Earth observation data through aerial photographs and satellite imagery has emerged as an unmatched tool in the exploration of endangered archaeological heritage. Drawing on this context, this paper underscores the critical significance of incorporating digital research methods, such as remote sensing, GIS, or cartographic analysis, to ensure the evaluation and (digital) preservation of the historical sites along these vulnerable areas. Furthermore, our study seeks to provide new insights into data management and dissemination, fostering open research practices within North African archaeological research.
{"title":"The Role of Aerial Prospection for Monitoring and Preserving Cultural Heritage in Northeastern Africa","authors":"David Laguna-Palma, Maurizio Toscano, Carlos Rodríguez-Rellán","doi":"10.3390/heritage7020032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7020032","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic and environmental processes present unique challenges for preserving cultural heritage in North Africa. Large parts of this region are characterised by unfavourable arid and semi-arid conditions and rapid changes to the landscapes caused by heightened regional development (e.g., urban expansion, road building, agricultural intensification, and socio-political conflicts). As a result, we are facing a fast-paced disappearance of heritage sites in regions that are still poorly understood. Following this, the utilisation of Earth observation data through aerial photographs and satellite imagery has emerged as an unmatched tool in the exploration of endangered archaeological heritage. Drawing on this context, this paper underscores the critical significance of incorporating digital research methods, such as remote sensing, GIS, or cartographic analysis, to ensure the evaluation and (digital) preservation of the historical sites along these vulnerable areas. Furthermore, our study seeks to provide new insights into data management and dissemination, fostering open research practices within North African archaeological research.","PeriodicalId":12934,"journal":{"name":"Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140473574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Velosa, S. Andrejkovičová, Clara Pimenta do Vale, Fernando Rocha
Natural cement, also known as “Roman cement”, was used across Europe during a historic period, mainly in many building facades, due to its hydraulic properties and aesthetic qualities. In Portugal, the use of natural cement occurred in buildings from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, a period during which the use of lime binders decreased and before the massive use of Portland cement. Recent conservation and rehabilitation actions resulting from necessary interventions in heritage buildings from this period have played an important role in revealing evidence of the use of natural cement and clarifying the lacunae of information about this material. Due to the inadequate use of reparation materials in previous conservation and rehabilitation interventions, this study summarizes the historical production, study, and use of natural cement in Portugal. Natural cement results from the calcination of clay-rich limestone (marlstone) without any compositional changes after extraction, distinguishing itself from hydraulic lime due to its higher clay content and allowing for the formation of higher quantities of hydraulic reactive phases without free lime. Although this topic has been approached at a European level, mainly focusing on the production and use of natural cement in Central Europe, in Portugal, it is still necessary to produce and disseminate information on this specific subject. Therefore, this study focuses on the evolution of cement production in Portugal and an analysis of the existing knowledge of the binders used in architectural heritage based on the scientific and historical bibliography.
{"title":"Natural Cement in Portugal: Context in Cement Production and Architectural Use","authors":"A. Velosa, S. Andrejkovičová, Clara Pimenta do Vale, Fernando Rocha","doi":"10.3390/heritage7020031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7020031","url":null,"abstract":"Natural cement, also known as “Roman cement”, was used across Europe during a historic period, mainly in many building facades, due to its hydraulic properties and aesthetic qualities. In Portugal, the use of natural cement occurred in buildings from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, a period during which the use of lime binders decreased and before the massive use of Portland cement. Recent conservation and rehabilitation actions resulting from necessary interventions in heritage buildings from this period have played an important role in revealing evidence of the use of natural cement and clarifying the lacunae of information about this material. Due to the inadequate use of reparation materials in previous conservation and rehabilitation interventions, this study summarizes the historical production, study, and use of natural cement in Portugal. Natural cement results from the calcination of clay-rich limestone (marlstone) without any compositional changes after extraction, distinguishing itself from hydraulic lime due to its higher clay content and allowing for the formation of higher quantities of hydraulic reactive phases without free lime. Although this topic has been approached at a European level, mainly focusing on the production and use of natural cement in Central Europe, in Portugal, it is still necessary to produce and disseminate information on this specific subject. Therefore, this study focuses on the evolution of cement production in Portugal and an analysis of the existing knowledge of the binders used in architectural heritage based on the scientific and historical bibliography.","PeriodicalId":12934,"journal":{"name":"Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140490284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Acquafredda, Vincenzo Festa, F. Micheletti, A. Fornelli
In the present work, more than one hundred and thirty lithic artefacts rediscovered in several archaeological sites dating from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages from Calabria (Southern Italy) were petroarchaeometrically characterised through minimally invasive techniques. In more detail, 110 specimens were found in the Grotta della Monaca site (Sant’Agata di Esaro), and the other 23 belong to a collection kept in the Museo Nazionale Preistorico ed Etnografico “Luigi Pigorini” (Roma), coming from several localities (Longobucco, Spezzano della Sila, Cicala, Gimigliano, Roccaforte del Greco, and Bova). For preservation needs, 2 small axes in polished stone and 2 obsidians collected from Grotta della Monaca were analysed by absolutely non-destructive techniques. Optical and electron microscopic investigations, sometimes integrated with wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectrometry, allowed us to ascertain that the source area of all the lithic tools was in Calabria, except for obsidians, which come from the island of Lipari (Messina, Southern Italy). For a small number of particularly favourable cases, it was possible to define with great precision the outcrop area of the used rocks given their textural and mineralogical features. The specific source area contained a pickaxe originating from Cetraro–Fuscaldo metabasalt (lawsonite–albite facies) outcrops and two small axes in polished stone, one derived from migmatitic metapelites from Palmi and the other from meta-ultramafic rocks from Curinga. The choice of the used lithologies, harder or softer, had to be linked to the use that humans had to make of the lithic artefacts.
在本次研究中，通过微创技术对在卡拉布里亚（意大利南部）几个考古遗址中重新发现的 130 多件从旧石器时代上古时期到中世纪的石器进行了岩石年龄测定。更详细地说，其中 110 件标本是在 Grotta della Monaca 遗址（Sant'Agata di Esaro）发现的，另外 23 件属于 "Luigi Pigorini "国家史前与人类博物馆（罗马）的藏品，来自多个地方（Longobucco、Spezzano della Sila、Cicala、Gimigliano、Roccaforte del Greco 和 Bova）。出于保存的需要，我们采用绝对非破坏性的技术对从 Grotta della Monaca 采集的 2 件磨光石质小斧和 2 件黑曜石进行了分析。光学和电子显微镜研究，有时与波长色散 X 射线荧光光谱学和 X 射线衍射光谱学相结合，使我们能够确定所有石器的原产地都在卡拉布里亚，但黑曜石除外，因为黑曜石来自利帕里岛（意大利南部墨西拿）。在少数特别有利的情况下，根据所使用岩石的纹理和矿物特征，可以非常精确地确定其出露地区。具体的源区包括一把产自 Cetraro-Fuscaldo 偏闪长岩（lawsonite-albite 岩层）露头的镐和两把磨光石质的小斧头，其中一把产自帕尔米的偏闪长岩，另一把产自 Curinga 的偏闪长岩。对所使用岩性的选择（较硬或较软）必须与人类对石器的使用有关。
{"title":"Provenance of Neolithic Stone Artefacts through Minimally Invasive or Absolutely Non-Destructive Petroarchaeometric Investigations: Some Cases from Calabria (Southern Italy)","authors":"P. Acquafredda, Vincenzo Festa, F. Micheletti, A. Fornelli","doi":"10.3390/heritage7020030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7020030","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, more than one hundred and thirty lithic artefacts rediscovered in several archaeological sites dating from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages from Calabria (Southern Italy) were petroarchaeometrically characterised through minimally invasive techniques. In more detail, 110 specimens were found in the Grotta della Monaca site (Sant’Agata di Esaro), and the other 23 belong to a collection kept in the Museo Nazionale Preistorico ed Etnografico “Luigi Pigorini” (Roma), coming from several localities (Longobucco, Spezzano della Sila, Cicala, Gimigliano, Roccaforte del Greco, and Bova). For preservation needs, 2 small axes in polished stone and 2 obsidians collected from Grotta della Monaca were analysed by absolutely non-destructive techniques. Optical and electron microscopic investigations, sometimes integrated with wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectrometry, allowed us to ascertain that the source area of all the lithic tools was in Calabria, except for obsidians, which come from the island of Lipari (Messina, Southern Italy). For a small number of particularly favourable cases, it was possible to define with great precision the outcrop area of the used rocks given their textural and mineralogical features. The specific source area contained a pickaxe originating from Cetraro–Fuscaldo metabasalt (lawsonite–albite facies) outcrops and two small axes in polished stone, one derived from migmatitic metapelites from Palmi and the other from meta-ultramafic rocks from Curinga. The choice of the used lithologies, harder or softer, had to be linked to the use that humans had to make of the lithic artefacts.","PeriodicalId":12934,"journal":{"name":"Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140490726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siliceous sandstones used in Khmer temples such as the Prasat Basset, Wat Ek Phnom, and Phnom Banan temples in Battambang Province, Phnom Chisor and Ta Prohm temples in Ta Keo Province, and Wat Nokor Bachey temple in Kampong Cham Province in Cambodia were investigated in this study to determine the supply source of the siliceous sandstones used in these temples. Chemical composition analyses and magnetic susceptibility measurements were conducted for the sandstone blocks used in these temples. Siliceous sandstone is the primary construction material in the investigated temples, except for the Phnon Chisor (bricks). Two types of siliceous sandstone, pale brown and red, were found. Pale brown siliceous sandstone was used for the construction of all the investigated temples. In contrast, red siliceous sandstone was found only in the Wat Ek Phnom, Prasat Basset, and Phnom Banan temples. It is suggested that the pale brown siliceous sandstone originated from the Phra Wihan Formation within the Khorat Group. Based on the chemical composition analysis, the pale brown siliceous sandstone in the Ta Prohm temple at Tonle Bati and the Wat Nokor Bachey temple may have been sourced from the lower level of the Phra Wihan Formation. In contrast, the pale brown siliceous sandstone used in the Prasat Basset, Wat Ek Phnom, Phnom Banan, and Phnom Chisor temples was likely sourced from the upper level. The origin of the red siliceous sandstone is proposed to be from the Sao Khua Formation, which is situated above the Phra Wihan Formation.
本研究调查了柬埔寨马德望省的 Prasat Basset 寺、Wat Ek Phnom 寺和 Phnom Banan 寺、Ta Keo 省的 Phnom Chisor 寺和 Ta Prohm 寺以及磅湛省的 Wat Nokor Bachey 寺等高棉寺庙使用的硅质砂岩，以确定这些寺庙使用的硅质砂岩的供应来源。研究人员对这些寺庙使用的砂岩块进行了化学成分分析和磁感应强度测量。除 Phnon Chisor（砖）外，硅质砂岩是所调查寺庙的主要建筑材料。发现了两种类型的硅质砂岩，即淡褐色和红色。淡褐色硅质砂岩用于建造所有调查过的寺庙。相比之下，红色硅质砂岩只出现在 Wat Ek Phnom、Prasat Basset 和 Phnom Banan 寺庙中。据此推测，淡褐色硅质砂岩源自呵叻组中的帕维汉地层（Phra Wihan Formation）。根据化学成分分析，Tonle Bati 塔普伦寺和 Wat Nokor Bachey 寺中的淡褐色硅质砂岩可能来自 Phra Wihan 地层的下层。相比之下，Prasat Basset、Wat Ek Phnom、Phnom Banan 和 Phnom Chisor 寺庙中使用的淡褐色硅质砂岩可能来自上层。红色硅质砂岩的来源据说是位于 Phra Wihan 地层之上的 Sao Khua 地层。
{"title":"Siliceous Sandstones Used in Local Khmer Temples in Battambang, Ta Keo, and Kampong Cham Provinces, Cambodia","authors":"Etsuo Uchida, Yoshimitsu Kobayashi","doi":"10.3390/heritage7020029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7020029","url":null,"abstract":"Siliceous sandstones used in Khmer temples such as the Prasat Basset, Wat Ek Phnom, and Phnom Banan temples in Battambang Province, Phnom Chisor and Ta Prohm temples in Ta Keo Province, and Wat Nokor Bachey temple in Kampong Cham Province in Cambodia were investigated in this study to determine the supply source of the siliceous sandstones used in these temples. Chemical composition analyses and magnetic susceptibility measurements were conducted for the sandstone blocks used in these temples. Siliceous sandstone is the primary construction material in the investigated temples, except for the Phnon Chisor (bricks). Two types of siliceous sandstone, pale brown and red, were found. Pale brown siliceous sandstone was used for the construction of all the investigated temples. In contrast, red siliceous sandstone was found only in the Wat Ek Phnom, Prasat Basset, and Phnom Banan temples. It is suggested that the pale brown siliceous sandstone originated from the Phra Wihan Formation within the Khorat Group. Based on the chemical composition analysis, the pale brown siliceous sandstone in the Ta Prohm temple at Tonle Bati and the Wat Nokor Bachey temple may have been sourced from the lower level of the Phra Wihan Formation. In contrast, the pale brown siliceous sandstone used in the Prasat Basset, Wat Ek Phnom, Phnom Banan, and Phnom Chisor temples was likely sourced from the upper level. The origin of the red siliceous sandstone is proposed to be from the Sao Khua Formation, which is situated above the Phra Wihan Formation.","PeriodicalId":12934,"journal":{"name":"Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140492245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maja Krzewińska, Ricardo Rodríguez-Varela, Reyhan Yaka, Mário Vicente, Göran Runfeldt, Michael Sager, Caroline Ahlström Arcini, Torbjörn Ahlström, Niklas Hertzman, J. Storå, Anders Götherström
In 2021, we published the results of genomic analyses carried out on the famous bishop of Lund, Peder Winstrup, and the mummified remains of a 5–6-month-old fetus discovered in the same burial. We concluded that the two individuals were second-degree relatives and explored the genealogy of Peder Winstrup to further understand the possible relation between them. Through this analysis, we found that the boy was most probably Winstrup’s grandson and that the two were equally likely related either through Winstrup’s son, Peder, or his daughter, Anna Maria von Böhnen. To further resolve the specific kinship relation, we generated more genomic data from both Winstrup and the boy and implemented more recently published analytical tools in detailed Y chromosome- and X chromosome-based kinship analyses to distinguish between the competing hypotheses regarding maternal and paternal relatedness. We found that the individuals’ Y chromosome lineages belonged to different sub-lineages and that the X-chromosomal kinship coefficient calculated between the two individuals were elevated, suggesting a grandparent–grandchild relation through a female, i.e., Anna Maria von Böhnen. Finally, we also performed metagenomic analyses, which did not identify any pathogens that could be unambiguously associated with the fatalities.
2021 年，我们公布了对著名的隆德主教 Peder Winstrup 和在同一墓葬中发现的 5-6 个月大胎儿的木乃伊遗骸进行基因组分析的结果。我们得出结论，这两个人是二级亲属，并探索了佩德-温斯特鲁普的家谱，以进一步了解他们之间可能存在的关系。通过分析，我们发现这个男孩很可能是温斯特鲁普的孙子，两人同样可能是通过温斯特鲁普的儿子佩德或女儿安娜-玛丽亚-冯-伯能（Anna Maria von Böhnen）建立的亲属关系。为了进一步确定具体的亲缘关系，我们从温斯特鲁普和男孩身上获得了更多的基因组数据，并采用了最新发表的分析工具，进行了详细的基于 Y 染色体和 X 染色体的亲缘关系分析，以区分关于母系和父系亲缘关系的相互竞争的假说。我们发现，两个人的 Y 染色体系属于不同的亚系，而计算出的两个人之间的 X 染色体亲缘关系系数升高，这表明通过一个女性（即 Anna Maria von Böhnen）存在祖孙关系。最后，我们还进行了元基因组分析，没有发现与死亡事件有明确关联的病原体。
{"title":"Related in Death? Further Insights on the Curious Case of Bishop Peder Winstrup and His Grandchild’s Burial","authors":"Maja Krzewińska, Ricardo Rodríguez-Varela, Reyhan Yaka, Mário Vicente, Göran Runfeldt, Michael Sager, Caroline Ahlström Arcini, Torbjörn Ahlström, Niklas Hertzman, J. Storå, Anders Götherström","doi":"10.3390/heritage7020027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7020027","url":null,"abstract":"In 2021, we published the results of genomic analyses carried out on the famous bishop of Lund, Peder Winstrup, and the mummified remains of a 5–6-month-old fetus discovered in the same burial. We concluded that the two individuals were second-degree relatives and explored the genealogy of Peder Winstrup to further understand the possible relation between them. Through this analysis, we found that the boy was most probably Winstrup’s grandson and that the two were equally likely related either through Winstrup’s son, Peder, or his daughter, Anna Maria von Böhnen. To further resolve the specific kinship relation, we generated more genomic data from both Winstrup and the boy and implemented more recently published analytical tools in detailed Y chromosome- and X chromosome-based kinship analyses to distinguish between the competing hypotheses regarding maternal and paternal relatedness. We found that the individuals’ Y chromosome lineages belonged to different sub-lineages and that the X-chromosomal kinship coefficient calculated between the two individuals were elevated, suggesting a grandparent–grandchild relation through a female, i.e., Anna Maria von Böhnen. Finally, we also performed metagenomic analyses, which did not identify any pathogens that could be unambiguously associated with the fatalities.","PeriodicalId":12934,"journal":{"name":"Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139596305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dario Camuffo, Roberta Giorio, A. della Valle, Francesco Rizzi, Patrizia Barucco, Marivita Suma, Jalal Ahmed, Amel Chabbi, Ola Shaker, Peter Sheehan
The historic house of Sheikh Mohammed Bin Khalifa, Al Ain (Abu Dhabi, UAE) belongs to the World Heritage Cultural Sites. The courtyard and two rooms include mudbrick archaeological remains that are preserved in showcases for public display. The building lies in a hot desert climate and needs air conditioning to be comfortable. This paper is concerned with indoor showcases and their compatibility with the indoor climate. Sometimes, misting for condensation is generated on the glass panes for the temperature and humidity contrast between the room climate and the showcases that are embedded in the floor. When misting occurs, the remains cannot be viewed. This paper investigates indoor glass misting, the exchanges of heat and moisture between archaeological remains, showcases and rooms, and the results after a year of environmental monitoring. An aim is to assess the potential risks for the preservation of the remains, recognizing the frequency and severity of the conditions for condensation. Another aim is to discuss mitigation methodologies to avoid glass misting, e.g., (i) reducing the room cooling; (ii) raising the glass pane temperature with electrical devices; (iii) increasing air exchanges between showcases and rooms; (iv) adopting a combination of these methodologies.
{"title":"Preventing Glass Misting in Indoor Showcases with Burial Remains at Al Ain, UAE","authors":"Dario Camuffo, Roberta Giorio, A. della Valle, Francesco Rizzi, Patrizia Barucco, Marivita Suma, Jalal Ahmed, Amel Chabbi, Ola Shaker, Peter Sheehan","doi":"10.3390/heritage7020028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7020028","url":null,"abstract":"The historic house of Sheikh Mohammed Bin Khalifa, Al Ain (Abu Dhabi, UAE) belongs to the World Heritage Cultural Sites. The courtyard and two rooms include mudbrick archaeological remains that are preserved in showcases for public display. The building lies in a hot desert climate and needs air conditioning to be comfortable. This paper is concerned with indoor showcases and their compatibility with the indoor climate. Sometimes, misting for condensation is generated on the glass panes for the temperature and humidity contrast between the room climate and the showcases that are embedded in the floor. When misting occurs, the remains cannot be viewed. This paper investigates indoor glass misting, the exchanges of heat and moisture between archaeological remains, showcases and rooms, and the results after a year of environmental monitoring. An aim is to assess the potential risks for the preservation of the remains, recognizing the frequency and severity of the conditions for condensation. Another aim is to discuss mitigation methodologies to avoid glass misting, e.g., (i) reducing the room cooling; (ii) raising the glass pane temperature with electrical devices; (iii) increasing air exchanges between showcases and rooms; (iv) adopting a combination of these methodologies.","PeriodicalId":12934,"journal":{"name":"Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140495381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radical left culture and heritage—understood as incarnations of leftist artefacts and praxis both past and present—have taken risks in challenging hegemonic machinations often when it is unpopular to do so. To the ire of hegemons, leftist projects across the globe have marshalled places, spaces, and technologies into sites of empowerment and struggle utilising ‘small’ and ‘big’ acts of resistance and critical interventions to champion social justice—sometimes successfully, and at other times, less so. However, the preservation of projects’ artefacts, praxis, and memory work has been anything but straightforward, owing primarily to institutional politics and infrastructural and resourcing issues. Taking The Freedom Archives (FA) as a case study, this article explores how FA is preserving the distinctive political education programme that underpinned the iconic liberation struggle in Guinea-Bissau that kickstarted the seismic, global decolonisation project in the late 1950s. The article argues that FA could substantially enhance the preservation and memorialisation of that programme in the Metaverse—if this materialises as a fully open, interoperable, and highly immersive space (1) unfettered by hegemonic regulation, and (2) characterised by ‘strategic witnessing’, ‘radical recordkeeping’, and user agency. In doing so, FA would serve as an exemplar for leftist projects globally.
{"title":"Radical Left Culture and Heritage, the Politics of Preservation and Memorialisation, and the Promise of the Metaverse","authors":"Daniel H. Mutibwa","doi":"10.3390/heritage7020026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7020026","url":null,"abstract":"Radical left culture and heritage—understood as incarnations of leftist artefacts and praxis both past and present—have taken risks in challenging hegemonic machinations often when it is unpopular to do so. To the ire of hegemons, leftist projects across the globe have marshalled places, spaces, and technologies into sites of empowerment and struggle utilising ‘small’ and ‘big’ acts of resistance and critical interventions to champion social justice—sometimes successfully, and at other times, less so. However, the preservation of projects’ artefacts, praxis, and memory work has been anything but straightforward, owing primarily to institutional politics and infrastructural and resourcing issues. Taking The Freedom Archives (FA) as a case study, this article explores how FA is preserving the distinctive political education programme that underpinned the iconic liberation struggle in Guinea-Bissau that kickstarted the seismic, global decolonisation project in the late 1950s. The article argues that FA could substantially enhance the preservation and memorialisation of that programme in the Metaverse—if this materialises as a fully open, interoperable, and highly immersive space (1) unfettered by hegemonic regulation, and (2) characterised by ‘strategic witnessing’, ‘radical recordkeeping’, and user agency. In doing so, FA would serve as an exemplar for leftist projects globally.","PeriodicalId":12934,"journal":{"name":"Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139599287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Gaspari, Federico Barbieri, R. Fascia, F. Ioli, Livio Pinto
The rapid evolution of the urban landscape highlights the need to digitally document the state and historical transformations of heritage sites in densely urbanised areas through the combination of different geomatics survey approaches. Moreover, it is necessary to raise awareness of sites by developing strategies for their dissemination to a diverse audience through engaging, interactive, and accessible 3D web platforms. This work illustrates a methodology for the digital documentation and narration of a cultural heritage site through the implementation of a lightweight and replicable 3D navigation platform based on open-source technologies. Such a solution aims to be an easy-to-implement low-cost approach. The methodology is applied to the case study of the Farnese Castle in Piacenza (Italy), describing the data collection and documentation carried out with an in situ survey and illustrating how the resulting products were integrated into the web platform. The exploration functionalities of the platform and its potential for different types of audiences, from experts to users not familiar with 3D objects and geomatics products, were evaluated and documented on a ReadTheDocs website, allowing interested users to reproduce the project for other applications thanks to the template code available on GitHub.
城市景观的快速演变突出表明，有必要通过结合不同的地理信息调查方法，以数字方式记录城市密集地区遗产地的状况和历史变迁。此外，有必要制定战略，通过具有吸引力、互动性和可访问性的 3D 网络平台向不同受众传播遗址信息，从而提高人们对遗址的认识。这项工作说明了通过实施基于开源技术的轻量级和可复制的三维导航平台，对文化遗址进行数字化记录和叙述的方法。这种解决方案旨在成为一种易于实施的低成本方法。该方法应用于皮亚琴察法尔内塞城堡（意大利）的案例研究，描述了通过现场调查进行的数据收集和记录，并说明了如何将所得产品集成到网络平台中。在 ReadTheDocs 网站上对该平台的探索功能及其针对不同类型受众（从专家到不熟悉三维物体和地理信息产品的用户）的潜力进行了评估和记录，使感兴趣的用户能够利用 GitHub 上提供的模板代码在其他应用中复制该项目。
{"title":"An Open-Source Web Platform for 3D Documentation and Storytelling of Hidden Cultural Heritage","authors":"F. Gaspari, Federico Barbieri, R. Fascia, F. Ioli, Livio Pinto","doi":"10.3390/heritage7020025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7020025","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid evolution of the urban landscape highlights the need to digitally document the state and historical transformations of heritage sites in densely urbanised areas through the combination of different geomatics survey approaches. Moreover, it is necessary to raise awareness of sites by developing strategies for their dissemination to a diverse audience through engaging, interactive, and accessible 3D web platforms. This work illustrates a methodology for the digital documentation and narration of a cultural heritage site through the implementation of a lightweight and replicable 3D navigation platform based on open-source technologies. Such a solution aims to be an easy-to-implement low-cost approach. The methodology is applied to the case study of the Farnese Castle in Piacenza (Italy), describing the data collection and documentation carried out with an in situ survey and illustrating how the resulting products were integrated into the web platform. The exploration functionalities of the platform and its potential for different types of audiences, from experts to users not familiar with 3D objects and geomatics products, were evaluated and documented on a ReadTheDocs website, allowing interested users to reproduce the project for other applications thanks to the template code available on GitHub.","PeriodicalId":12934,"journal":{"name":"Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139604138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gilda Rubira-Gómez, Jenifer Malavé-Hernández, María Jaya-Montalvo, Jimmy Candell-Soto, Jhon Caicedo-Potosí, Bethy Merchán-Sanmartín, Maribel Aguilar-Aguilar, Fernando Morante-Carballo
Geosites represent important elements of geoheritage for promoting geotourism sustainable practices aimed at education and conservation. The Santa Elena Peninsula Geopark Project has several locations with geological, cultural and historical richness and the potential for geosites and tourist development. However, these places lack infrastructures that improves tourist reception and local geoeducation. In this study, Geotourism Interpretation Centres (GICs) were designed using sustainable and architectural criteria to improve geoeducation and geotourism in geosites of the Santa Elena Peninsula Geopark Project. The work included two stages: (i) selection of the geosites and (ii) design of the GICs. Four geosites were selected for the design: Barrio Ingles Ancon Parish, Manglaralto’s Coastal Aquifer, San Vicente Hot Springs, and San Rafael Mines. A GIC design adaptable to the four sites is proposed based on three zones: recreational–passive, services and cultural. The design prioritises sustainability, considering four criteria: political–economic, social, cultural and environmental. The proposal takes advantage of the area’s natural materials and the natural climatic conditions to offer a space that improves the geotourism experience in mimicry with the environment, promoting cultural roots and community benefit.
地质遗迹是地质遗产的重要组成部分，有助于促进以教育和保护为目的的地质旅游可持续发展。圣埃莱娜半岛地质公园项目有几个地点具有丰富的地质、文化和历史内涵，具有开发地 质遗产和旅游的潜力。然而，这些地方缺乏改善游客接待和当地地质教育的基础设施。在这项研究中，采用可持续和建筑标准设计了地质旅游讲解中心（GICs），以改善圣埃伦娜半岛地质公园项目地质景点的地质教育和地质旅游。这项工作包括两个阶段：(i) 挑选地质地貌；(ii) 设计地质信息中心。设计工作选择了四个地质公园：Barrio Ingles Ancon 教区、Manglaralto 沿海含水层、San Vicente 温泉和 San Rafael 矿山。根据休闲-被动、服务和文化三个区域，提出了适应这四个地点的 GIC 设计方案。设计将可持续性放在首位，考虑了四个标准：政治经济、社会、文化和环境。该提案利用该地区的天然材料和自然气候条件，提供一个空间，在模仿环境、促进文化根基和社区利益的同时，改善地质旅游体验。
{"title":"Sustainable Design for Geotourism Interpretation Centres: Enhancing the Santa Elena Peninsula Geopark Project Experience","authors":"Gilda Rubira-Gómez, Jenifer Malavé-Hernández, María Jaya-Montalvo, Jimmy Candell-Soto, Jhon Caicedo-Potosí, Bethy Merchán-Sanmartín, Maribel Aguilar-Aguilar, Fernando Morante-Carballo","doi":"10.3390/heritage7010024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7010024","url":null,"abstract":"Geosites represent important elements of geoheritage for promoting geotourism sustainable practices aimed at education and conservation. The Santa Elena Peninsula Geopark Project has several locations with geological, cultural and historical richness and the potential for geosites and tourist development. However, these places lack infrastructures that improves tourist reception and local geoeducation. In this study, Geotourism Interpretation Centres (GICs) were designed using sustainable and architectural criteria to improve geoeducation and geotourism in geosites of the Santa Elena Peninsula Geopark Project. The work included two stages: (i) selection of the geosites and (ii) design of the GICs. Four geosites were selected for the design: Barrio Ingles Ancon Parish, Manglaralto’s Coastal Aquifer, San Vicente Hot Springs, and San Rafael Mines. A GIC design adaptable to the four sites is proposed based on three zones: recreational–passive, services and cultural. The design prioritises sustainability, considering four criteria: political–economic, social, cultural and environmental. The proposal takes advantage of the area’s natural materials and the natural climatic conditions to offer a space that improves the geotourism experience in mimicry with the environment, promoting cultural roots and community benefit.","PeriodicalId":12934,"journal":{"name":"Heritage","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139610518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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