Pub Date : 2012-09-21DOI: 10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a192
E. Simmons
{"title":"Climate Change, First Nations, and Adaptation","authors":"E. Simmons","doi":"10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a192","url":null,"abstract":" ","PeriodicalId":129797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystems and Management","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128822114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-21DOI: 10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a148
P. Wright, T. Stevens
Global climate changes are impacting the entire landscape and although intended as ecological reservoirs and refugia, parks and protected areas are not immune to these changes. Provincially, BC Parks’ staff identify stressors and threats in conservation risk assessments and have identified myriad challenges amplified by climate change. The role of monitoring in protected areas management in general, and with respect to climate change in particular, is identified as central to most assessment and adaptation strategies. This paper describes our work in the development and implementation of a province-wide long-term ecological change monitoring (LTEM) program that can be conducted using a hybrid scientific/citizen-science model. The intent is to help understand a) the state of ecological integrity of BC Parks on a provincial scale and b) long-term ecological change of which climate change is one of the leading causes. Although still in the preliminary stages of implementation, we reflect on some of the lessons we are learning along the way from discussions with field staff, scientists and managers in the protected areas field.
{"title":"Designing a Long-term Ecological Change Monitoring Program for BC Parks","authors":"P. Wright, T. Stevens","doi":"10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a148","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate changes are impacting the entire landscape and although intended as ecological reservoirs and refugia, parks and protected areas are not immune to these changes. Provincially, BC Parks’ staff identify stressors and threats in conservation risk assessments and have identified myriad challenges amplified by climate change. The role of monitoring in protected areas management in general, and with respect to climate change in particular, is identified as central to most assessment and adaptation strategies. This paper describes our work in the development and implementation of a province-wide long-term ecological change monitoring (LTEM) program that can be conducted using a hybrid scientific/citizen-science model. The intent is to help understand a) the state of ecological integrity of BC Parks on a provincial scale and b) long-term ecological change of which climate change is one of the leading causes. Although still in the preliminary stages of implementation, we reflect on some of the lessons we are learning along the way from discussions with field staff, scientists and managers in the protected areas field. ","PeriodicalId":129797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystems and Management","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124851056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-14DOI: 10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a147
P. Wright
Within protected areas, the impacts of climate change have been the subject of discussion for over two decades. Reported impacts included changes to species and habitat distributions, sea level rise, glaciation and snow packs, hydrologic processes, and disturbance patterns. As part of a project to develop a long-term ecological change monitoring program for BC Parks that had a specific focus on climate change, a series of focus group interviews and an electronic survey of field staff were conducted. Field staff throughout the province reported observing a wide range of ecological and social impacts from climate change with projected increases in the future. Support for monitoring these impacts was strong as was invasive species removal. Findings illustrate the need for clarified policy and planning direction; habitat and species vulnerability assessments; education and experimentation with various mitigation and adaptation techniques; and implementation of a comprehensive monitoring program.
{"title":"Field staff perspectives on managing climate change impacts in parks and protected areas.","authors":"P. Wright","doi":"10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a147","url":null,"abstract":"Within protected areas, the impacts of climate change have been the subject of discussion for over two decades. Reported impacts included changes to species and habitat distributions, sea level rise, glaciation and snow packs, hydrologic processes, and disturbance patterns. As part of a project to develop a long-term ecological change monitoring program for BC Parks that had a specific focus on climate change, a series of focus group interviews and an electronic survey of field staff were conducted. Field staff throughout the province reported observing a wide range of ecological and social impacts from climate change with projected increases in the future. Support for monitoring these impacts was strong as was invasive species removal. Findings illustrate the need for clarified policy and planning direction; habitat and species vulnerability assessments; education and experimentation with various mitigation and adaptation techniques; and implementation of a comprehensive monitoring program.","PeriodicalId":129797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystems and Management","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116981837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-13DOI: 10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a108
T. Kunkel, M. Ghomshei, R. Ellis
British Columbia is anticipating a shortfall in electricity supply because of an expected increase in demand for energy by about 45% within the next 20 years, as well as the phasing out of old utilities. The reliance on fossil fuel and the ongoing discourse on climate changes have resulted in a shift towards carbon-neutral energy alternatives. The province’s current energy policy goals include achieving electricity self-sufficiency by 2016 through clean or renewable sources. British Columbia has an abundance of geothermal resources with wideranging temperatures available for both power development and direct use. Smaller ecological footprints and lower environmental impacts make the geothermal resource a choice for sustainable energy development as part of a diversified energy portfolio. This article reviews the benefits and impacts of geothermal resource development as a complementary indigenous, alternative energy source for the province and as a potential resource to create sustainable economic development within rural and remote communities.
{"title":"Geothermal Energy as an Indigenous Alternative Energy Source in BC","authors":"T. Kunkel, M. Ghomshei, R. Ellis","doi":"10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a108","url":null,"abstract":"British Columbia is anticipating a shortfall in electricity supply because of an expected increase in demand for energy by about 45% within the next 20 years, as well as the phasing out of old utilities. The reliance on fossil fuel and the ongoing discourse on climate changes have resulted in a shift towards carbon-neutral energy alternatives. The province’s current energy policy goals include achieving electricity self-sufficiency by 2016 through clean or renewable sources. British Columbia has an abundance of geothermal resources with wideranging temperatures available for both power development and direct use. Smaller ecological footprints and lower environmental impacts make the geothermal resource a choice for sustainable energy development as part of a diversified energy portfolio. This article reviews the benefits and impacts of geothermal resource development as a complementary indigenous, alternative energy source for the province and as a potential resource to create sustainable economic development within rural and remote communities.","PeriodicalId":129797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystems and Management","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126520833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-17DOI: 10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a132
F. Bunnell, L. Kremsater
Climate change has introduced major uncertainties into the planning and practice of forestry. We recommend seven broad actions that would help to make our forests more climate resilience: avoiding entrapment, emphasizing the future, adopting a policy of no regrets, seeking the right species at the right place, encouraging connectivity, nurturing acceptance and adaptation, and reducing carbon emissions. Some actions are specific to British Columbia; all actions attempt to address the major sources of uncertainty
{"title":"Actions to promote climate resilience in forests of British Columbia","authors":"F. Bunnell, L. Kremsater","doi":"10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a132","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has introduced major uncertainties into the planning and practice of forestry. We recommend seven broad actions that would help to make our forests more climate resilience: avoiding entrapment, emphasizing the future, adopting a policy of no regrets, seeking the right species at the right place, encouraging connectivity, nurturing acceptance and adaptation, and reducing carbon emissions. Some actions are specific to British Columbia; all actions attempt to address the major sources of uncertainty","PeriodicalId":129797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystems and Management","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123627850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-17DOI: 10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a131
F. Bunnell, L. Kremsater
We combine climate preferences of tree species with probable changes in insect, disease, fire and other abiotic factors to describe probable changes in distribution of tree species in British Columbia. Predictions of what British Columbia’s forests will become are rife with uncertainty from three major sources: predicting climate, predicting tree species’ responses and predicting changes in factors modifying the trees’ responses (e.g., pathogens, fires). Challenges in predicting climate result because climate projection models differ and downscaling climate is difficult, particularly where weather stations are sparse. Challenges in predicting responses of individual tree species to climate result because species will be competing under a climate regime we have not seen before and they have not experienced before. That challenge is increased by the differential response of pathogens and effects of changes in fire frequency. We first examine responses of individual species, then consider implications for broad regional forests. Despite the uncertainty, some trends are more likely than others. We present our estimates of the relative species composition of future forests in British Columbia.
{"title":"Migrating like a herd of cats – climate change and emerging forests in British Columbia","authors":"F. Bunnell, L. Kremsater","doi":"10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a131","url":null,"abstract":"We combine climate preferences of tree species with probable changes in insect, disease, fire and other abiotic factors to describe probable changes in distribution of tree species in British Columbia. Predictions of what British Columbia’s forests will become are rife with uncertainty from three major sources: predicting climate, predicting tree species’ responses and predicting changes in factors modifying the trees’ responses (e.g., pathogens, fires). Challenges in predicting climate result because climate projection models differ and downscaling climate is difficult, particularly where weather stations are sparse. Challenges in predicting responses of individual tree species to climate result because species will be competing under a climate regime we have not seen before and they have not experienced before. That challenge is increased by the differential response of pathogens and effects of changes in fire frequency. We first examine responses of individual species, then consider implications for broad regional forests. Despite the uncertainty, some trends are more likely than others. We present our estimates of the relative species composition of future forests in British Columbia. ","PeriodicalId":129797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystems and Management","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125989755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-05DOI: 10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a165
E. Hamilton
This article outlines British Columbia's forest resource management system and legislative framework in relation to non-timber forest product (NTFP) management. It provides an overview of what NTFPs are and discusses the history related to their use as well as associated rights and regulations. It outlines the BC context in terms of land ownership, the resource management system, management objectives, socio-economic factors, and current trends. The article also describes decision-making as well as planning processes and legal requirements for forest managers, identifies the values forest managers must manage for, and assesses the implications for NTFPs. Finally, the article provides a summary of the current status of management for NTFPs. Opportunities to improve the socio-economic benefits associated with NTFPs are identified and recommendations for future actions are provided.
{"title":"Non-Timber Forest Products in British Columbia: Management Framework and Current Practices","authors":"E. Hamilton","doi":"10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a165","url":null,"abstract":"This article outlines British Columbia's forest resource management system and legislative framework in relation to non-timber forest product (NTFP) management. It provides an overview of what NTFPs are and discusses the history related to their use as well as associated rights and regulations. It outlines the BC context in terms of land ownership, the resource management system, management objectives, socio-economic factors, and current trends. The article also describes decision-making as well as planning processes and legal requirements for forest managers, identifies the values forest managers must manage for, and assesses the implications for NTFPs. Finally, the article provides a summary of the current status of management for NTFPs. Opportunities to improve the socio-economic benefits associated with NTFPs are identified and recommendations for future actions are provided.","PeriodicalId":129797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystems and Management","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134013008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-01DOI: 10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a124
A. Krishnaswamy
Public participation is widely recognized as a critical aspect of natural resource management (NRM), and is a regulatory requirement for a variety of environmental and NRM processes. Research and experience from natural resource management worldwide have proven that public participation leads to better decisions, - by providing local or independent sources of information and by examining alternative management strategies and builds trust. It also reduces uncertainties, delays, conflicts, and legal costs. This article seeks to provide an understanding of basic concepts and best practices of public participation, familiarity with different tools that can be used for effective public participation, and an awareness of which tools are appropriate under different circumstances. It is aimed to address the needs of resource managers who work with communities and First Nations, and whose job requires them to engage the public in resource planning and management. Many practitioners “do” participation every day, but many do not have the opportunity to reflect on their practice or to contemplate ways to do it better. The article offers this opportunity, and provides practitioners with useful knowledge and tools that could help them engage communities and the public to make sound management decisions.
{"title":"Strategies and Tools for Effective Public Participation in Natural Resource Management","authors":"A. Krishnaswamy","doi":"10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/jem.2012v13n2a124","url":null,"abstract":"Public participation is widely recognized as a critical aspect of natural resource management (NRM), and is a regulatory requirement for a variety of environmental and NRM processes. Research and experience from natural resource management worldwide have proven that public participation leads to better decisions, - by providing local or independent sources of information and by examining alternative management strategies and builds trust. It also reduces uncertainties, delays, conflicts, and legal costs. This article seeks to provide an understanding of basic concepts and best practices of public participation, familiarity with different tools that can be used for effective public participation, and an awareness of which tools are appropriate under different circumstances. It is aimed to address the needs of resource managers who work with communities and First Nations, and whose job requires them to engage the public in resource planning and management. Many practitioners “do” participation every day, but many do not have the opportunity to reflect on their practice or to contemplate ways to do it better. The article offers this opportunity, and provides practitioners with useful knowledge and tools that could help them engage communities and the public to make sound management decisions.","PeriodicalId":129797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystems and Management","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127428484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-16DOI: 10.22230/jem.2012v13n1a198
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service
{"title":"Forest Change: An Initiative of the Canadian Forest Service of Natural Resources Canada for Enhancing Forest Sector Competitiveness in a Changing Climate","authors":"Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service","doi":"10.22230/jem.2012v13n1a198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/jem.2012v13n1a198","url":null,"abstract":" ","PeriodicalId":129797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystems and Management","volume":"28 24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116525916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-04DOI: 10.22230/jem.2012v13n1a194
E. Simmons
{"title":"Non-Timber Forest Resources - What Is in This Term?","authors":"E. Simmons","doi":"10.22230/jem.2012v13n1a194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22230/jem.2012v13n1a194","url":null,"abstract":" ","PeriodicalId":129797,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystems and Management","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115033692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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