Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i2224
Olanrewaju Samson Odelola, V. Oyetayo, Ayodele Oluwayemisi Ogundare, F. Omoya, Olugbenga Emmanuel Ajayi
Aims: This study was carried out to investigate the in-vitro antibacterial effect of the crude extracts of Corn (Zea mays) silks and husks on selected biofilm producing multi-drug resistant bacteria isolated from urinary catheter tips. Study Design: Experimental design. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA) Ondo State, Nigeria. Methodology: Bacterial isolates from urinary catheter tips were screened for biofilm production. The biofilm producing isolates were subjected to commercial antibiotics and isolates resistant to more than three classes of antibiotics were used for the study. Methanol and distilled water were used as extracting solvents for the corn silks and husks. The antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of the extracts were carried out using standard procedures. Results: The phytochemical analysis of the methanol and aqueous extracts of corn husks and silks revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. The aqueous extract of corn husk showed highest inhibitory effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci with zones of inhibition ranging from 14.80 ± 1.89 mm to 24.40 ± 2.51 mm at 200 mg/mL. Proteus mirabilis exhibited resistance against all the extracts. Conclusion: Findings from this study revealed the antibacterial potential of corn silks and husks extracts at varying concentrations. The potency of aqueous extract of husk at lower concentration (200 mg/mL) suggests its potential use in the treatment of urinary tract bacteria especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci.
目的:研究玉米(Zea mays)蚕丝和玉米皮粗提物对尿导管尖端产生多重耐药菌的生物膜的体外抗菌作用。研究设计:实验设计。研究地点和时间:本研究在尼日利亚阿库尔(FUTA)翁多州联邦科技大学进行。方法:筛选从尿导管尖端分离的细菌用于生产生物膜。产生生物膜的分离株以商业抗生素和对三种以上抗生素耐药的分离株为研究对象。以甲醇和蒸馏水为溶剂提取玉米丝和玉米皮。采用标准方法对提取物进行抑菌活性和植物化学分析。结果:对玉米皮和蚕丝的甲醇和水提物进行植物化学分析，发现其中含有皂苷、单宁、黄酮类化合物、甾体、萜类化合物和心苷。玉米皮水提液在200 mg/mL时对铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的抑制范围为14.80±1.89 mm ~ 24.40±2.51 mm。变形杆菌对所有提取物均表现出抗性。结论:不同浓度的玉米丝皮提取物具有一定的抗菌作用。较低浓度(200 mg/mL)的水提物的效价提示其在尿路细菌特别是铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的治疗中具有潜在的应用前景。
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Zea mays Silks and Husks Crude Extract on Biofilm Producing Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria from Urinary Catheters","authors":"Olanrewaju Samson Odelola, V. Oyetayo, Ayodele Oluwayemisi Ogundare, F. Omoya, Olugbenga Emmanuel Ajayi","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i2224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i2224","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study was carried out to investigate the in-vitro antibacterial effect of the crude extracts of Corn (Zea mays) silks and husks on selected biofilm producing multi-drug resistant bacteria isolated from urinary catheter tips. \u0000Study Design: Experimental design. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA) Ondo State, Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: Bacterial isolates from urinary catheter tips were screened for biofilm production. The biofilm producing isolates were subjected to commercial antibiotics and isolates resistant to more than three classes of antibiotics were used for the study. Methanol and distilled water were used as extracting solvents for the corn silks and husks. The antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of the extracts were carried out using standard procedures. \u0000Results: The phytochemical analysis of the methanol and aqueous extracts of corn husks and silks revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. The aqueous extract of corn husk showed highest inhibitory effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci with zones of inhibition ranging from 14.80 ± 1.89 mm to 24.40 ± 2.51 mm at 200 mg/mL. Proteus mirabilis exhibited resistance against all the extracts. \u0000Conclusion: Findings from this study revealed the antibacterial potential of corn silks and husks extracts at varying concentrations. The potency of aqueous extract of husk at lower concentration (200 mg/mL) suggests its potential use in the treatment of urinary tract bacteria especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123219076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i2223
Objective: Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a vegetable crop with an important economic asset for Cameroonian farmers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of different formulations of K. senegalensis on late blight, the main onion disease in the department of Diamaré, (Far North, Cameroon). Methodology and Results: For this purpose, an experimental split-splot device consisting of three blocks (repeats), comprising three varieties (Chagari, Goudami and Blanc de galmi) of onion and eight treatments (TtN, Ttp, THK1, THK2, TEFK1, TEFK2, TEEK1 and TEEK2) was used in two study sites (Gayak and Wouro-Mayo) and during two agricultural seasons (2020 and 2021). After data collection and analysis, the results obtained show that the mean value of the highest incidence was obtained with Ttn treatment (34.44) in Gayak in 2020, and the lowest value was obtained with THK2 (0.00) in Wouro-Mayo. In 2021, the highest mean value was recorded in Gayak with TtN (32.03) and the lowest incidence is observed with TEEK2 (0.37) in Wouro-Mayo. Moreover, the highest severity was obtained with TtN (17.58) in Wouro-Mayo in 2020, and the lowest with THK2 (0.00) at the same site. In 2021, the lowest severity was observed with THK2 (0.18) in Gayak and the highest with TtN (14.90) in Gayak. The highest yields were recorded with THK2 (160.27 t/ha) at Wouro-Mayo in 2020 and THK2 (169.46 t/ha) in 2021 at the same study site. On the other hand, the lowest yields were obtained in Gayak with TtN (79.6 t/ha) in 2020 and in 2021 with TtN (92.26 t/ha) at the same site. Conclusion and Application of Findings: The oil and aqueous extracts of Khaya senegalensis bark could therefore constitute an alternative to synthetic pesticides in the context of integrated onion disease management.
{"title":"Study of the Effects of Cailcedrat (Khaya senegalensis) on Late Blight, the Main Onion Disease (Allium cepa L.) in the Department of Diamare, Far North, Cameroon","authors":"","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i2223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i2223","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a vegetable crop with an important economic asset for Cameroonian farmers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of different formulations of K. senegalensis on late blight, the main onion disease in the department of Diamaré, (Far North, Cameroon). \u0000Methodology and Results: For this purpose, an experimental split-splot device consisting of three blocks (repeats), comprising three varieties (Chagari, Goudami and Blanc de galmi) of onion and eight treatments (TtN, Ttp, THK1, THK2, TEFK1, TEFK2, TEEK1 and TEEK2) was used in two study sites (Gayak and Wouro-Mayo) and during two agricultural seasons (2020 and 2021). After data collection and analysis, the results obtained show that the mean value of the highest incidence was obtained with Ttn treatment (34.44) in Gayak in 2020, and the lowest value was obtained with THK2 (0.00) in Wouro-Mayo. In 2021, the highest mean value was recorded in Gayak with TtN (32.03) and the lowest incidence is observed with TEEK2 (0.37) in Wouro-Mayo. Moreover, the highest severity was obtained with TtN (17.58) in Wouro-Mayo in 2020, and the lowest with THK2 (0.00) at the same site. In 2021, the lowest severity was observed with THK2 (0.18) in Gayak and the highest with TtN (14.90) in Gayak. The highest yields were recorded with THK2 (160.27 t/ha) at Wouro-Mayo in 2020 and THK2 (169.46 t/ha) in 2021 at the same study site. On the other hand, the lowest yields were obtained in Gayak with TtN (79.6 t/ha) in 2020 and in 2021 with TtN (92.26 t/ha) at the same site. \u0000Conclusion and Application of Findings: The oil and aqueous extracts of Khaya senegalensis bark could therefore constitute an alternative to synthetic pesticides in the context of integrated onion disease management.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122761086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i2222
Leila Mohamed A. Abdelgade, Mohamed Alrsheed Ahmed, G. M. Mahjaf, B. M. T. Gorish
Background: Laboratory infections can be classified as occupational and nosocomial infections. Laboratory-related infections are generally recognized as a potential risk for clinical laboratory workers. Some bacteria can survive longer on dry surfaces and more on wet surfaces that can infect others and also environments. Objective: To detect common bacterial pathogens in various medical laboratories in Shendi City. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Shendi City (Sudan) from August to December 2021. This study included 17 laboratories and 50 samples collected by wet exchange from various locations including laboratory surfaces, microscopes, centrifuges, CBC devices, staining racks, and CBC devices. Results: This study included Staphylococcus aureus (No=11) (22%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (No=10) (20%), Escherichia coli (No=1) (2%), Klebsiella pneumonia (No=9) (18%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (No=2) (4%). Significant growth of pathogenic bacteria was recoded. Among all the organisms isolated, there was moderate resistance to antibiotics, some bacteria were very resistant, others were resistant, and some organisms were resistant to some antibiotic they were highly sensitive to the substance and resistant to other antibacterial agents. Bacterial isolates (39.4%) were resistant to Amoclane, (No=12) (36.4%) were resistant to gentamicin, and (No=11) (33.3%) were resistant to Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem. Conclusions: Contamination with pathogens was found on laboratory surfaces and equipment’s (approximately 66% of exchanged items contained pathogens), and dry surfaces may use these organisms as a source of laboratory infection.
{"title":"Detection of Common Bacterial Pathogen in Hospital and Lab Settings and Their Anti-microbial Susceptibility Pattern in Various Medical Laboratories in Shendi Town, Sudan","authors":"Leila Mohamed A. Abdelgade, Mohamed Alrsheed Ahmed, G. M. Mahjaf, B. M. T. Gorish","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i2222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i2222","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Laboratory infections can be classified as occupational and nosocomial infections. Laboratory-related infections are generally recognized as a potential risk for clinical laboratory workers. Some bacteria can survive longer on dry surfaces and more on wet surfaces that can infect others and also environments. \u0000Objective: To detect common bacterial pathogens in various medical laboratories in Shendi City. \u0000Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Shendi City (Sudan) from August to December 2021. This study included 17 laboratories and 50 samples collected by wet exchange from various locations including laboratory surfaces, microscopes, centrifuges, CBC devices, staining racks, and CBC devices. \u0000Results: This study included Staphylococcus aureus (No=11) (22%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (No=10) (20%), Escherichia coli (No=1) (2%), Klebsiella pneumonia (No=9) (18%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (No=2) (4%). Significant growth of pathogenic bacteria was recoded. Among all the organisms isolated, there was moderate resistance to antibiotics, some bacteria were very resistant, others were resistant, and some organisms were resistant to some antibiotic they were highly sensitive to the substance and resistant to other antibacterial agents. Bacterial isolates (39.4%) were resistant to Amoclane, (No=12) (36.4%) were resistant to gentamicin, and (No=11) (33.3%) were resistant to Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem. \u0000Conclusions: Contamination with pathogens was found on laboratory surfaces and equipment’s (approximately 66% of exchanged items contained pathogens), and dry surfaces may use these organisms as a source of laboratory infection.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122739742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i2221
D. V. Zige, F. I. Omeje
Poultry waste are not properly disposed and most rural farmers make use of it as manure therefore poultry wastes may serve as source of enteric organism capable of infecting humans. The antibiotic resistance from these bacteria can be transferred to natural microbial community as a result of involvement of antibiotics in poultry farming. This research was carried out to assess the multidrug resistant pattern of enteric bacteria in poultry stool dropping. samples of poultry droppings were obtained from a free-range commercial poultry farm in Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Samples were cultured on selective and differential media. 16 isolates of enteric bacteria were obtained from poultry stool droppings. The isolates identified were of four genera. Salmonella species which is predominant 6(37%) followed by Escerichia coli 5(31%) Proteus species 3(19%) and Kiebsiella species 2(13%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using the disk diffusion technique. Gram negative antibiotics including crioxacin cefprozil, nitrofuration, ceftazidime co-trimoxazole, genetamicin, cefuroximo. The resistant pattern in among the gram negative pathogens revealed that more than 98% were resistant to nitrofuratioin cefprozil, gentamicin and augumentin while 12.89% resistant to certazidime, 90.10% resistant to augmentin, 15.32% cefuroxime, 12.30% co-trimoxazole, 38.17% resistant to gentamicin, 15.20% resistant to cefprozil and 50.20% resistant to ofloxacin, Multidrug resistance species were isolated from poultry stool dropping and some of the bacterial isolates are potentially pathogenic to humans and animals and therefore poses a serious threat to public health.
{"title":"Antibiotics Profile and Public Health Implication of Pathogenic Enteric Bacteria Associated With Poultry Stool","authors":"D. V. Zige, F. I. Omeje","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i2221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i2221","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry waste are not properly disposed and most rural farmers make use of it as manure therefore poultry wastes may serve as source of enteric organism capable of infecting humans. The antibiotic resistance from these bacteria can be transferred to natural microbial community as a result of involvement of antibiotics in poultry farming. This research was carried out to assess the multidrug resistant pattern of enteric bacteria in poultry stool dropping. samples of poultry droppings were obtained from a free-range commercial poultry farm in Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Samples were cultured on selective and differential media. 16 isolates of enteric bacteria were obtained from poultry stool droppings. The isolates identified were of four genera. Salmonella species which is predominant 6(37%) followed by Escerichia coli 5(31%) Proteus species 3(19%) and Kiebsiella species 2(13%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using the disk diffusion technique. Gram negative antibiotics including crioxacin cefprozil, nitrofuration, ceftazidime co-trimoxazole, genetamicin, cefuroximo. The resistant pattern in among the gram negative pathogens revealed that more than 98% were resistant to nitrofuratioin cefprozil, gentamicin and augumentin while 12.89% resistant to certazidime, 90.10% resistant to augmentin, 15.32% cefuroxime, 12.30% co-trimoxazole, 38.17% resistant to gentamicin, 15.20% resistant to cefprozil and 50.20% resistant to ofloxacin, Multidrug resistance species were isolated from poultry stool dropping and some of the bacterial isolates are potentially pathogenic to humans and animals and therefore poses a serious threat to public health.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129270006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i2220
K. Mohammed, M. Iduh, M. Sani, Y. Mohammed
Background: Soil-transmitted helminths are among the neglected tropical disease parasites of humans and one of the major public health burdens in developing countries, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that about 1.5 billion people are affected worldwide. Aims: The study was aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Soil-transmitted helminths infection among primary school children. Study Design: This was a cross sectional, descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted among primary school children within the age of 4-15 years old in Sokoto South, Wamakko, Yabo and Dange Shuni local government areas of Sokoto State from February 2021 to July 2021. Methodology: Faecal samples of 252 children were collected and analyzed using formol-ether concentration technique. Results: An overall prevalence of 6.0% was recorded. Differential prevalence of parasite species showed 6.7% Ascaris lumbricoide, and 93.3% hookworm infection. There was high prevalence among Males (7.2%) than Females (4.0%). The age group 10-12 has the high prevalence of 9.8%. The high prevalence of 9.5% was obtained in Yabo and Sokoto South respectively. Tap water and water closet users have the lowest prevalence of 5.3%. High prevalence of 33.3% was recorded among borehole users contaminated with soil. Conclusion: The total low prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths may be as a result of improved awareness of the Soil-transmitted helminths in the study area. The government, non-government agencies should help in the provision of social amenities to ensure the total eradication of these diseases. The teaching of health education in both private and public schools should be encouraged by the government.
{"title":"Detection of Soil-transmitted Helminths and their Risk Factors in Some Local Government Primary Schools Sokoto, Nigeria","authors":"K. Mohammed, M. Iduh, M. Sani, Y. Mohammed","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i2220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i2220","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Soil-transmitted helminths are among the neglected tropical disease parasites of humans and one of the major public health burdens in developing countries, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that about 1.5 billion people are affected worldwide. \u0000Aims: The study was aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Soil-transmitted helminths infection among primary school children. \u0000Study Design: This was a cross sectional, descriptive study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted among primary school children within the age of 4-15 years old in Sokoto South, Wamakko, Yabo and Dange Shuni local government areas of Sokoto State from February 2021 to July 2021. \u0000Methodology: Faecal samples of 252 children were collected and analyzed using formol-ether concentration technique. \u0000Results: An overall prevalence of 6.0% was recorded. Differential prevalence of parasite species showed 6.7% Ascaris lumbricoide, and 93.3% hookworm infection. There was high prevalence among Males (7.2%) than Females (4.0%). The age group 10-12 has the high prevalence of 9.8%. The high prevalence of 9.5% was obtained in Yabo and Sokoto South respectively. Tap water and water closet users have the lowest prevalence of 5.3%. High prevalence of 33.3% was recorded among borehole users contaminated with soil. \u0000Conclusion: The total low prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths may be as a result of improved awareness of the Soil-transmitted helminths in the study area. The government, non-government agencies should help in the provision of social amenities to ensure the total eradication of these diseases. The teaching of health education in both private and public schools should be encouraged by the government.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123823026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i1219
Ifeanyi Onyema Oshim, N. Agbakoba, K. Anukam, A. A. Obroh, C. M. Obi, Amaechi Chukwudi Ofodile
Background: Metabolic conditions such as Type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity have become worldwide public health important. Numerous evidences indicate that gut Proteobacteria and Bacteriodetes are associated with these co-morbidities. Thus, the gut microbiota serves as a promising target for prognosis of metabolic disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of gut Proteobacteria and Bacteriodetes on obese related Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The gut microbiota signature of 10 adults was studied using 16S rRNA sequencing targeting V3–V4 hypervariable regions and obtained data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS version 26). Result: The Pearson correlation analysis showed that phyla Bacteriodetes was significant positive when correlated with Body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.666, p = 0.002*), followed by phyla proteobacteria (r = 0.464, p = 0.045*), Firmicutes versus BMI (p>0.05), Actinobacteria versus BMI (p>0.05), while Firmicutes versus Glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c) (p>0.05), Bacteriodetes versus HbA1c (p>0.05), Proteobacteria versus HbA1c (p>0.05), Actinobacteria versus HbA1c (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed the abundance of phyla Proteobacteria and phyla Bacteriodetes were significantly associated with obese related type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although, these Phyla/ taxa showed no significant correlation with Hb1Ac in obese related type 2 diabetes mellitus.
背景:代谢疾病如2型糖尿病(T2DM)和肥胖已成为世界范围内重要的公共卫生问题。大量证据表明，肠道变形菌门和细菌门与这些合并症有关。因此，肠道微生物群作为代谢紊乱预后的一个有希望的靶点。本研究的目的是评估肠道变形菌群和拟杆菌群在肥胖相关的2型糖尿病中的作用。采用针对V3-V4高变区16S rRNA测序对10例成人的肠道菌群特征进行研究，并使用SPSS version 26对数据进行分析。结果:Pearson相关分析显示，拟杆菌门与体重指数(BMI)相关性显著(r = 0.666, p = 0.002*)，其次是变形菌门(r = 0.464, p = 0.045*)、厚壁菌门与BMI (p>0.05)、放线菌门与BMI (p>0.05)、厚壁菌门与糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c) (p>0.05)、拟杆菌门与HbA1c (p>0.05)、变形菌门与HbA1c (p>0.05)、放线菌门与HbA1c (p>0.05)。结论:变形菌门和拟杆菌门的丰度与肥胖相关的2型糖尿病有显著相关性。然而，这些门/分类群与肥胖相关的2型糖尿病的Hb1Ac无显著相关性。
{"title":"Association of Proteobacteria and Bacteriodetes with Obese Related Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Ifeanyi Onyema Oshim, N. Agbakoba, K. Anukam, A. A. Obroh, C. M. Obi, Amaechi Chukwudi Ofodile","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i1219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i1219","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Metabolic conditions such as Type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity have become worldwide public health important. Numerous evidences indicate that gut Proteobacteria and Bacteriodetes are associated with these co-morbidities. Thus, the gut microbiota serves as a promising target for prognosis of metabolic disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of gut Proteobacteria and Bacteriodetes on obese related Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The gut microbiota signature of 10 adults was studied using 16S rRNA sequencing targeting V3–V4 hypervariable regions and obtained data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS version 26). Result: The Pearson correlation analysis showed that phyla Bacteriodetes was significant positive when correlated with Body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.666, p = 0.002*), followed by phyla proteobacteria (r = 0.464, p = 0.045*), Firmicutes versus BMI (p>0.05), Actinobacteria versus BMI (p>0.05), while Firmicutes versus Glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c) (p>0.05), Bacteriodetes versus HbA1c (p>0.05), Proteobacteria versus HbA1c (p>0.05), Actinobacteria versus HbA1c (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed the abundance of phyla Proteobacteria and phyla Bacteriodetes were significantly associated with obese related type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although, these Phyla/ taxa showed no significant correlation with Hb1Ac in obese related type 2 diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123516622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i1218
Ifeanyi Onyema Oshim, Joy Imuetinya Ehiaghe, Oluwayemisi Odeyemi, A. A. Obroh, Evelyn Ukamaka Urama, Gabriel Okezie Chidiebere
Background: The rate of multidrug resistant bacteria is the most worrisome in the health setting because it often associates with nosocomial infection. Objectives: This present study aim at, evaluating the antibiotic pattern of multidrug resistance of Gram-negative extended betalactamase isolates from urine of diabetic patients. Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital with a total of 110 diabetic patients and were recruited using convenient sample method. The patients were instructed on how to collect the mid-stream urine samples without contamination. The samples were cultured and characterized the isolates following standard bacteriological methods. The isolated bacteria were subjected to sensitivity test pattern using agar disc diffusion techniques. The multidrug resistant isolates were physically checked for the extended spectrum betalactamase production. Obtained data was subjected to these statistical tools; descriptive statistics, chi-square and pair-test using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS version 26). Results: Out of 110 urine samples assessed for significant growth of bacteria, it was found that, 55(27%) were the Gram negative bacteria (GNB).The highest prevalence of isolates were E. coli 30(54.6%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 14 (25.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6 (10.9%), and Proteus species 5 (9.09%) respectively. The most occurrence of the MDR bacteria were found in Augmentin 46 (83.6%) as well as as Cefuroxime 43 (78.2%) respectively. The significant mean range of Augumentin and Cefixime resistant to ESBL producers were (0.53±1.2; p = 0.000) and (0.600 ± 0.974; p = 000) respectively. Conclusion: The study detected the high proportion of multi-drug resistant isolates and the most occurrence were found in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Regular monitoring, conducting, supervising, or management of antibiotics and molecular biomarkers for drug resistance are paramount to curtail the rate of drug-resistant pathogens.
{"title":"Antibiogram Pattern of Multidrug Resistance of Gram-negative Extended Betalactamase Isolates from Urine of Diabetic Patients","authors":"Ifeanyi Onyema Oshim, Joy Imuetinya Ehiaghe, Oluwayemisi Odeyemi, A. A. Obroh, Evelyn Ukamaka Urama, Gabriel Okezie Chidiebere","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i1218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i1218","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The rate of multidrug resistant bacteria is the most worrisome in the health setting because it often associates with nosocomial infection.\u0000Objectives: This present study aim at, evaluating the antibiotic pattern of multidrug resistance of Gram-negative extended betalactamase isolates from urine of diabetic patients.\u0000Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital with a total of 110 diabetic patients and were recruited using convenient sample method. The patients were instructed on how to collect the mid-stream urine samples without contamination. The samples were cultured and characterized the isolates following standard bacteriological methods. The isolated bacteria were subjected to sensitivity test pattern using agar disc diffusion techniques. The multidrug resistant isolates were physically checked for the extended spectrum betalactamase production. Obtained data was subjected to these statistical tools; descriptive statistics, chi-square and pair-test using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS version 26).\u0000Results: Out of 110 urine samples assessed for significant growth of bacteria, it was found that, 55(27%) were the Gram negative bacteria (GNB).The highest prevalence of isolates were E. coli 30(54.6%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 14 (25.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6 (10.9%), and Proteus species 5 (9.09%) respectively. The most occurrence of the MDR bacteria were found in Augmentin 46 (83.6%) as well as as Cefuroxime 43 (78.2%) respectively. The significant mean range of Augumentin and Cefixime resistant to ESBL producers were (0.53±1.2; p = 0.000) and (0.600 ± 0.974; p = 000) respectively.\u0000Conclusion: The study detected the high proportion of multi-drug resistant isolates and the most occurrence were found in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Regular monitoring, conducting, supervising, or management of antibiotics and molecular biomarkers for drug resistance are paramount to curtail the rate of drug-resistant pathogens.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115136892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i1217
E. U. Osisiogu, Genevieve A. A. Agyapong, Fareed Mahmoud, Fahad Bin Waqas, Calebina Appiah, C. N. Nikoi
The ABO blood group system is the most clinically recognized blood group and it is made up of A, B, AB and O antigens. Many studies have been done to determine the relationship between malaria and the ABO blood group system in terms of the susceptibility, intensity, resistance and frequency of the disease among the various blood groups and there have been variations in the findings thus; this study sought to determine the prevalence of malaria among the various blood groups among the residents of the Adentan municipality. A cross-sectional study was conducted and 208 participants were enrolled, out of which 147 (70.7%) and 61(29.3%) were females and males respectively and 194 (93.3%) and 14 (6.7%) participants were adults and children respectively. There were 69 malaria cases of which 13 (18.8%) were children and 56 (81.2%) were adults. 40.58% out of the 69 malaria cases were males while 59.42% were females respectively. Malaria was most prevalent among blood group O Rh positive (44%) and less in blood group B negative (0%). Blood group O positive (41%) was more prevalent among the residents. There was significant correlation between malaria and gender and malaria and age distribution (P=0.012 and P<0.00) respectively. In conclusion, children and the female gender type are more prone to malaria parasitemia than adults and the male gender type. Age is a significant risk factor in malaria infections. Although there was no significant relationship between malaria and blood group, malaria was most prevalent among those with blood group O Rh positive. Blood group O positive was the most common among the participants.
{"title":"Prevalence of Malaria among ABO Blood Groups in Ghana: A Case Study of Adentan Municipality","authors":"E. U. Osisiogu, Genevieve A. A. Agyapong, Fareed Mahmoud, Fahad Bin Waqas, Calebina Appiah, C. N. Nikoi","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i1217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i1217","url":null,"abstract":"The ABO blood group system is the most clinically recognized blood group and it is made up of A, B, AB and O antigens. Many studies have been done to determine the relationship between malaria and the ABO blood group system in terms of the susceptibility, intensity, resistance and frequency of the disease among the various blood groups and there have been variations in the findings thus; this study sought to determine the prevalence of malaria among the various blood groups among the residents of the Adentan municipality. A cross-sectional study was conducted and 208 participants were enrolled, out of which 147 (70.7%) and 61(29.3%) were females and males respectively and 194 (93.3%) and 14 (6.7%) participants were adults and children respectively. There were 69 malaria cases of which 13 (18.8%) were children and 56 (81.2%) were adults. 40.58% out of the 69 malaria cases were males while 59.42% were females respectively. Malaria was most prevalent among blood group O Rh positive (44%) and less in blood group B negative (0%). Blood group O positive (41%) was more prevalent among the residents. There was significant correlation between malaria and gender and malaria and age distribution (P=0.012 and P<0.00) respectively. In conclusion, children and the female gender type are more prone to malaria parasitemia than adults and the male gender type. Age is a significant risk factor in malaria infections. Although there was no significant relationship between malaria and blood group, malaria was most prevalent among those with blood group O Rh positive. Blood group O positive was the most common among the participants.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115297402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i1216
Ezinne G. Ani, Pauline U. Umeanaeto, K. C. Irikannu, A. Ikpo
Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with protozoan parasite of the genus Cryptosporidium. It is associated with moderate to severe diarrhoea which may eventually lead to death. The parasite impedes growth and development of affected children. A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess cryptosporidiosis and the associated risk factors among children aged 0-15years attending selected paediatric hospitals in Enugu Metropolis between November 2021 and August 2022. A total of five hundred and fifty stool samples were examined for oocysts of Cryptosporidium species using Formol Ethyl-Acetate sedimentation and modified Ziehl Neelsen’s staining techniques. The overall prevalence of the parasite was 14.4% (79/550). Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital recorded the highest prevalence 32(25.6%) of Cryptosporidium species while St. Patrick Hospital recorded the least 1(1.1%). Public hospitals recorded more infections than private hospitals. The age group ≤ 5years 43(15.8%) recorded the highest prevalence. Males 52(17.1%) were more infected than females 27(10.98%), which was not significant (P>0.05). Children whose parents/caregivers had only primary education 11(26.8%), has the highest prevalence while those whose parents/caregivers had tertiary education 17(8.9%), has the least. Children whose parents/caregivers were farming has the highest prevalence 9(25.0%), while children of civil servants, 40(12.4%) has the least which was not significant (P>0.05). Children living in multifamily residences 48(15.2%) had higher prevalence than those living in private homes, 2(6.3%). Other protozoan parasites identified in the study were Entamoeba histolytica 88(16.1%) and Giardia lamblia 69(12.5%). There were co-infections of Cryptosporidium and Entamoeba histolytica 27(4.9%), Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia 21(4.3%) which was not significant (P>0.05). Intervention through health education on good hygiene habits, and provision of clean water and proper disposal of faeces will help reduce cryptosporidiosis among children.
{"title":"Cryptosporidiosis and Associated Risk Factors among Children Attending Paediatric Hospitals in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria","authors":"Ezinne G. Ani, Pauline U. Umeanaeto, K. C. Irikannu, A. Ikpo","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i1216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i1216","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with protozoan parasite of the genus Cryptosporidium. It is associated with moderate to severe diarrhoea which may eventually lead to death. The parasite impedes growth and development of affected children. A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess cryptosporidiosis and the associated risk factors among children aged 0-15years attending selected paediatric hospitals in Enugu Metropolis between November 2021 and August 2022. A total of five hundred and fifty stool samples were examined for oocysts of Cryptosporidium species using Formol Ethyl-Acetate sedimentation and modified Ziehl Neelsen’s staining techniques. The overall prevalence of the parasite was 14.4% (79/550). Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital recorded the highest prevalence 32(25.6%) of Cryptosporidium species while St. Patrick Hospital recorded the least 1(1.1%). Public hospitals recorded more infections than private hospitals. The age group ≤ 5years 43(15.8%) recorded the highest prevalence. Males 52(17.1%) were more infected than females 27(10.98%), which was not significant (P>0.05). Children whose parents/caregivers had only primary education 11(26.8%), has the highest prevalence while those whose parents/caregivers had tertiary education 17(8.9%), has the least. Children whose parents/caregivers were farming has the highest prevalence 9(25.0%), while children of civil servants, 40(12.4%) has the least which was not significant (P>0.05). Children living in multifamily residences 48(15.2%) had higher prevalence than those living in private homes, 2(6.3%). Other protozoan parasites identified in the study were Entamoeba histolytica 88(16.1%) and Giardia lamblia 69(12.5%). There were co-infections of Cryptosporidium and Entamoeba histolytica 27(4.9%), Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia 21(4.3%) which was not significant (P>0.05). Intervention through health education on good hygiene habits, and provision of clean water and proper disposal of faeces will help reduce cryptosporidiosis among children.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124621112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Potato production in the Far North Region, Cameroon is hampered by a wide range of fungi of the genus Fusarium. Aims: The aim of this work was to isolate and conduct physiological characterization of Fusarium spp. isolates responsible for potato Fusarium disease in the Far North Region, Cameroon. Methodology: Isolates were obtained from diseased organs (leaves) from fifteen villages in the district of Mogodé, Mokolo and Koza, Far North Cameroon. The species responsible for fusariosis were identified using several identification Keys on a base of symptoms and morphological spores characteristics (macroconidia, microconidia and chlamydospores). Fusarium incidence and rainfall were assessed. Radial growth, sporulation and pathogenicity of the isolates were use to evaluated the parameters of physiological characterization. Results: The overall average incidence of Fusarium head blight in the Far North Region, Cameroon is 29.36%. Furthermore, out of the 20 isolates obtained, six Fusarium species (Fusarium oxysporium, F. solani, F. equiseti, F. avenacearum, F. colmorum and F. sambicum) were identified. The highest growth rate (8.1 cm), the highest spore production (8 × 105) and the highest severity index (3%) were respectively obtained with the isolates FUROM 2 and FUTEK 3, FUMOG 1, FUMOG 2, FUROM 1 and FURAF from Mogodé District on PCA medium. Conclusion: Potato production in the Far North Region, Cameroon is confronted by various Fusarium species which have physiological characteristics that vary according to the area of origin of the isolates and the growing media.
{"title":"Spécies Diversity and Physiological Characterization of Fusarium spp. Isolates Causing Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Fusariosis (Far-North, Cameroon)","authors":"Boydoul Fréderic Ulrich, Sobda Gonné, Fankou Dougoua Merline Yoyo, Abdoul Madjerembe, Rapmo Kononer Serge, Eloa Seussemaga, Metsena Pierre, N. Patrice, P. Kosma","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i1215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i1215","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Potato production in the Far North Region, Cameroon is hampered by a wide range of fungi of the genus Fusarium. \u0000Aims: The aim of this work was to isolate and conduct physiological characterization of Fusarium spp. isolates responsible for potato Fusarium disease in the Far North Region, Cameroon. \u0000Methodology: Isolates were obtained from diseased organs (leaves) from fifteen villages in the district of Mogodé, Mokolo and Koza, Far North Cameroon. The species responsible for fusariosis were identified using several identification Keys on a base of symptoms and morphological spores characteristics (macroconidia, microconidia and chlamydospores). Fusarium incidence and rainfall were assessed. Radial growth, sporulation and pathogenicity of the isolates were use to evaluated the parameters of physiological characterization. \u0000 Results: The overall average incidence of Fusarium head blight in the Far North Region, Cameroon is 29.36%. Furthermore, out of the 20 isolates obtained, six Fusarium species (Fusarium oxysporium, F. solani, F. equiseti, F. avenacearum, F. colmorum and F. sambicum) were identified. The highest growth rate (8.1 cm), the highest spore production (8 × 105) and the highest severity index (3%) were respectively obtained with the isolates FUROM 2 and FUTEK 3, FUMOG 1, FUMOG 2, FUROM 1 and FURAF from Mogodé District on PCA medium. \u0000Conclusion: Potato production in the Far North Region, Cameroon is confronted by various Fusarium species which have physiological characteristics that vary according to the area of origin of the isolates and the growing media.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130040800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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