Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i6264
Daniel Offiong Etim, Bassey Rosemary Aniete, I. E. Eleng, Ndarake Eden Ini-Ibehe, Bassey Ediongsenyene Obot
Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum, Neem cake, and poultry manure on the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Botany, University of Calabar, between April 2022 and August, 2022. Methodology: Soil samples were collected at the depth of 0-15cm using auger, heat sterilized and spread out in a shade for 7days to cool before use for planting okra seed. Galled roots of okra plants were blended and emptied into 1000ml beaker. This was the inoculum used for plant inoculation. Pure culture of T. harzianum inoculated into a steril petri dishes and allowed to sporulate. Neem cake and poultry manure were applied at the rate of 10g and 20g per planting pot. Holes were excavated around the base of the okra plant and 1g of T. harzianum spores was used for inoculation. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, petiole length, and percentage leaf abscission. Results: Number of leaves on pot treated with M. incognita, T. harzianum and 20 g of neem cake was significantly (p≤ 0.05) different from all other pots. Data obtained indicates that after 3 weeks of planting all the treatment combinations had significant (p≤0.05) impact on the crops grown in pots treated with 10 g of neem cake which was not significantly (p>0.05) different. Data obtained on plant height in pots with the treatment combinations (M1T1N0, M1T0N1, M1T0N2, M0T0N2, M0T0N0, M0T0P1 and M0T0P0) were significantly (p≤ 0.05) different. Results on petiole length grown in pots with treatment combinations (M1T1N2, M0T1N1 and M0T0P1) were not significantly (p> 0.05) different from the control. Results shows that the highest percentage of abscised leaves was observed on plant treated with T. harzianum and Neem cake with 66.4%. Results from other treatments were as follows, M0T0N1 (62.3%), M1T1N0 (58.6%), M0T0N2 (56.3%), M1T0N1 (52.9%) and M1T1N2 (51.2%). Result obtained on soil amendment with poultry manure revealed that pots treated with 20t/ha of poultry manure had impact on plant height which was significant (p≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the data obtained on the growth parameters, it can be concluded that T. harzianum and neem cake significantly increased the growth of okra infested with M. incognita and the impact was significantly shown on the plant height and petiole length. Number of leaves were significantly different at 3 and 5 weeks after planting. T. harzianum has be proven to be of economic value in agriculture both as biocontrol agent and soil nutrient booster.
{"title":"Effect of Soil Amendments on the Growth Parameters of Okra Infested with Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)","authors":"Daniel Offiong Etim, Bassey Rosemary Aniete, I. E. Eleng, Ndarake Eden Ini-Ibehe, Bassey Ediongsenyene Obot","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i6264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i6264","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum, Neem cake, and poultry manure on the growth performance of okra infected with Meloidogyne incognita. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Botany, University of Calabar, between April 2022 and August, 2022. Methodology: Soil samples were collected at the depth of 0-15cm using auger, heat sterilized and spread out in a shade for 7days to cool before use for planting okra seed. Galled roots of okra plants were blended and emptied into 1000ml beaker. This was the inoculum used for plant inoculation. Pure culture of T. harzianum inoculated into a steril petri dishes and allowed to sporulate. Neem cake and poultry manure were applied at the rate of 10g and 20g per planting pot. Holes were excavated around the base of the okra plant and 1g of T. harzianum spores was used for inoculation. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, petiole length, and percentage leaf abscission. Results: Number of leaves on pot treated with M. incognita, T. harzianum and 20 g of neem cake was significantly (p≤ 0.05) different from all other pots. Data obtained indicates that after 3 weeks of planting all the treatment combinations had significant (p≤0.05) impact on the crops grown in pots treated with 10 g of neem cake which was not significantly (p>0.05) different. Data obtained on plant height in pots with the treatment combinations (M1T1N0, M1T0N1, M1T0N2, M0T0N2, M0T0N0, M0T0P1 and M0T0P0) were significantly (p≤ 0.05) different. Results on petiole length grown in pots with treatment combinations (M1T1N2, M0T1N1 and M0T0P1) were not significantly (p> 0.05) different from the control. Results shows that the highest percentage of abscised leaves was observed on plant treated with T. harzianum and Neem cake with 66.4%. Results from other treatments were as follows, M0T0N1 (62.3%), M1T1N0 (58.6%), M0T0N2 (56.3%), M1T0N1 (52.9%) and M1T1N2 (51.2%). Result obtained on soil amendment with poultry manure revealed that pots treated with 20t/ha of poultry manure had impact on plant height which was significant (p≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the data obtained on the growth parameters, it can be concluded that T. harzianum and neem cake significantly increased the growth of okra infested with M. incognita and the impact was significantly shown on the plant height and petiole length. Number of leaves were significantly different at 3 and 5 weeks after planting. T. harzianum has be proven to be of economic value in agriculture both as biocontrol agent and soil nutrient booster.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"107 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i6265
R. Okafor, B. Okolonkwo, C. U. Nyenke, C. Okeke, C. O. Ezenwaka
Malaria endemicity is most common in the tropical region, continuous transmission still occurs in about 85 countries and regions. The liver is very essential in overall body physiology and it plays a very important role in the life cycle of malaria and its function may be altered due to malaria parasitaemia. This cross sectional study was aimed at evaluating the level of total protein in malaria parasitaemia among children attending Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital, Palmars, Omega Children Hospital, Early Breed Group of Schools, St Francis Nursery and Primary school and Staff Nursery and Primary school in Port Harcourt, Rivers state Nigeria. Of the 1000 subjects within 1-10 years, 694 subjects had malaria parasitaemia while 306 subjects had no malaria and thus made up the control group. Venipuncture technique was used to collect samples for estimation of malaria parasite density and total protein (TP) using biuret method. The results showed low (873.8±30.44), moderate (3248±109.31) and high malaria (24813.8±877.22) densities with TP values of 42.70±0.50g/l, 43.21±0.60g/l and 39.64±0.60g/l respectively. There was a significant difference (P-value<0.05) in total protein (TP) levels among various groups of malaria densities. This study has shown that the impact of malaria on the liver health vary depending on the level of the infestation.
{"title":"Evaluation of Total Protein in Malaria Parasitaemia","authors":"R. Okafor, B. Okolonkwo, C. U. Nyenke, C. Okeke, C. O. Ezenwaka","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i6265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i6265","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria endemicity is most common in the tropical region, continuous transmission still occurs in about 85 countries and regions. The liver is very essential in overall body physiology and it plays a very important role in the life cycle of malaria and its function may be altered due to malaria parasitaemia. This cross sectional study was aimed at evaluating the level of total protein in malaria parasitaemia among children attending Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital, Palmars, Omega Children Hospital, Early Breed Group of Schools, St Francis Nursery and Primary school and Staff Nursery and Primary school in Port Harcourt, Rivers state Nigeria. Of the 1000 subjects within 1-10 years, 694 subjects had malaria parasitaemia while 306 subjects had no malaria and thus made up the control group. Venipuncture technique was used to collect samples for estimation of malaria parasite density and total protein (TP) using biuret method. The results showed low (873.8±30.44), moderate (3248±109.31) and high malaria (24813.8±877.22) densities with TP values of 42.70±0.50g/l, 43.21±0.60g/l and 39.64±0.60g/l respectively. There was a significant difference (P-value<0.05) in total protein (TP) levels among various groups of malaria densities. This study has shown that the impact of malaria on the liver health vary depending on the level of the infestation.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"45 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i6256
Chidi L. C. Ndukwu, Nedie Patience Akani
Aims: Klebsiella are lactose fermenting, encapsulated, non-motile, oxidase-negative, gram negative rods; belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae and the non-taxonomic group, coliforms. Klebsiella isolates numbering 109, recovered from three categories of liquid herbal medicines were analyzed with the intent of ascertaining the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) strains. Study Design: The research is an observational, descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional research. The samples of herbal remedies procured from randomly selected outlets within Port Harcourt metropolis in a completely randomized block design. The analysis was conducted at the Department of Microbiology laboratory of Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Methodology: The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca were determined against 15 antimicrobial agents in common use in the area, namely amoxicillin clavulanate(30ug/ul), ceftriaxone (30ug/ul), cefuroxime (30ug/ul), cephalexin (30ug/ul), chloramphenicol (30ug/ul), ciprofloxacin (5 ug/ul), cotrimoxazole (25ug/ul), doxycycline (30ug/ul), erythromycin (15 ug/ul), gentamycin (10 ug/ul), levofloxacin (5 ug/ul) norfloxacin (10 ug/ul), ofloxacin (5 ug/ul), peflacine (5 ug/ul), streptomycin (10 ug/ul) (0xoid/Thermo Fisher Scientific, UK).; by seeding the test isolates on Muellar-Hinton agar (oxoid) and incubating for 18 to 24 hours. Results: The cumulative resistance profile for all strains was 45.4%. Doxycycline was the least effective antimicrobial, being resisted by 63.3% of the strains, followed by cotrimoxazole (61.5%), erythromycin (58.7%), chloramphenicol (57.8%) and norfloxacin (50.0%). Overall, 82.6% of the Klebsiella strains were MDR, including extensively drug resistant-XDR, (52.3%) and pandrug resistance-PDR (1.8%). Non-multidrug resistant-NMDR strains were 16.0%. MDR strains constitute 81.6% of Klebsiella pneumoniae which includes XDR (48.8%) and PDR (2.0%); while NMDR strains were 18.4%. The MDR strains amounted to 90.9% of the Klebsiella oxytoca strains all of which were XDR. Conclusion: This study has contributed in establishing that liquid herbal remedies are contaminated with multidrug resistant strains of Klebsiella Species. It has also shown that multidrug resistant strains of the bacteria are on the increase and could pose a great threat to public health.
{"title":"Multidrug Resistance in Klebsiella species Isolated from Liquid Herbal Remedies in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"Chidi L. C. Ndukwu, Nedie Patience Akani","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i6256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i6256","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Klebsiella are lactose fermenting, encapsulated, non-motile, oxidase-negative, gram negative rods; belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae and the non-taxonomic group, coliforms. Klebsiella isolates numbering 109, recovered from three categories of liquid herbal medicines were analyzed with the intent of ascertaining the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) strains. Study Design: The research is an observational, descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional research. The samples of herbal remedies procured from randomly selected outlets within Port Harcourt metropolis in a completely randomized block design. The analysis was conducted at the Department of Microbiology laboratory of Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Methodology: The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca were determined against 15 antimicrobial agents in common use in the area, namely amoxicillin clavulanate(30ug/ul), ceftriaxone (30ug/ul), cefuroxime (30ug/ul), cephalexin (30ug/ul), chloramphenicol (30ug/ul), ciprofloxacin (5 ug/ul), cotrimoxazole (25ug/ul), doxycycline (30ug/ul), erythromycin (15 ug/ul), gentamycin (10 ug/ul), levofloxacin (5 ug/ul) norfloxacin (10 ug/ul), ofloxacin (5 ug/ul), peflacine (5 ug/ul), streptomycin (10 ug/ul) (0xoid/Thermo Fisher Scientific, UK).; by seeding the test isolates on Muellar-Hinton agar (oxoid) and incubating for 18 to 24 hours. Results: The cumulative resistance profile for all strains was 45.4%. Doxycycline was the least effective antimicrobial, being resisted by 63.3% of the strains, followed by cotrimoxazole (61.5%), erythromycin (58.7%), chloramphenicol (57.8%) and norfloxacin (50.0%). Overall, 82.6% of the Klebsiella strains were MDR, including extensively drug resistant-XDR, (52.3%) and pandrug resistance-PDR (1.8%). Non-multidrug resistant-NMDR strains were 16.0%. MDR strains constitute 81.6% of Klebsiella pneumoniae which includes XDR (48.8%) and PDR (2.0%); while NMDR strains were 18.4%. The MDR strains amounted to 90.9% of the Klebsiella oxytoca strains all of which were XDR. Conclusion: This study has contributed in establishing that liquid herbal remedies are contaminated with multidrug resistant strains of Klebsiella Species. It has also shown that multidrug resistant strains of the bacteria are on the increase and could pose a great threat to public health.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i6255
Sundus Amer Hassan Abd El-Majeed, M. Bashir, Haghamad Allzain Bulla, Alhaj Saad Mohamed Ahmed, Omran Musa Ahmed Saeed, B. M. T. Gorish, Waha Ismail Yahia Abdelmula
Background: Augment of antibiotics resistance with development of new aggressive strains for the same disease is an international health problem. The ability of treating diseases is based on our ability to discover a new line of treatment with highly effectiveness and simple potentiality; so Herbal-Medicine is the line of choice. Traditional Arabic medicine point to the beneficial effect of Nigella sativa in curing a lot of diseases. The Prophetic-Sunna point out that Nigella sativa has highly therapeutic properties for various diseases. Prophet Mohammed quoted as saying “There is healing in Black seed for all diseases except death”. Methods: A cross-sectional community and hospital-based study, was done from 10 Jan-2023 to 31 March-2023 in Shendi Town, River Nile State. 95 nasal and skin swabs were collected from people and a variety of hospitals in shendi town, then cultured on Manitol Salt Agar (MSA) for selectivity of S.aureus to be isolated, bacterial identification done by colonial morphology, Gram`s stain and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility of S.aureus to N. sativa was carried out using agar well diffusion method. Results: 48 pure culture of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (MRSA) was isolated from 95 different clinical swabs specimens. Nigella sativa oil shows an effective inhibitory reactions against all MRSA bacterial isolates. All tested concentrations (50%, 25%, 13%) compared with Methicillin antibiotic inhibit 48(100%) of MRSA isolated bacteria. Conclusions: Our results show the highly effect of Nigella sativa against MRSA so can be derived as strongly effectiveness herbal antimicrobial agent against it.
{"title":"In vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Nigella sativa against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Shendi Town, Sudan","authors":"Sundus Amer Hassan Abd El-Majeed, M. Bashir, Haghamad Allzain Bulla, Alhaj Saad Mohamed Ahmed, Omran Musa Ahmed Saeed, B. M. T. Gorish, Waha Ismail Yahia Abdelmula","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i6255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i6255","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Augment of antibiotics resistance with development of new aggressive strains for the same disease is an international health problem. The ability of treating diseases is based on our ability to discover a new line of treatment with highly effectiveness and simple potentiality; so Herbal-Medicine is the line of choice. Traditional Arabic medicine point to the beneficial effect of Nigella sativa in curing a lot of diseases. The Prophetic-Sunna point out that Nigella sativa has highly therapeutic properties for various diseases. Prophet Mohammed quoted as saying “There is healing in Black seed for all diseases except death”. Methods: A cross-sectional community and hospital-based study, was done from 10 Jan-2023 to 31 March-2023 in Shendi Town, River Nile State. 95 nasal and skin swabs were collected from people and a variety of hospitals in shendi town, then cultured on Manitol Salt Agar (MSA) for selectivity of S.aureus to be isolated, bacterial identification done by colonial morphology, Gram`s stain and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility of S.aureus to N. sativa was carried out using agar well diffusion method. Results: 48 pure culture of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (MRSA) was isolated from 95 different clinical swabs specimens. Nigella sativa oil shows an effective inhibitory reactions against all MRSA bacterial isolates. All tested concentrations (50%, 25%, 13%) compared with Methicillin antibiotic inhibit 48(100%) of MRSA isolated bacteria. Conclusions: Our results show the highly effect of Nigella sativa against MRSA so can be derived as strongly effectiveness herbal antimicrobial agent against it.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"69 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-18DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i6254
I. Okonko, Ejovwokeoghene J. Omohwovo, Mary Uche Igwe, Solomon Offem Iyam, B. J. Okonko, E. Onu
Aims: West Nile Virus (WNV) infection can cause severe illness. Very little is known about the seroepidemiology of WNV infection in individuals with febrile illness in Nigeria and many other developing countries. This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of WNV in individuals with febrile illness attending a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria and to determine if there was an association between WNV infection with age and sex. Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study Place and Duration of Study: Port Harcourt in Rivers State, Nigeria from September 2019 to December 2019. Methods: Human sera were obtained and WNV IgG was determined using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Results: Of the 90 study subjects tested, WNV IgG antibodies were present in 27 (30.0%) study participants while 63 (70.0%) study participants were seronegative for WNV IgG antibody. With age, a higher prevalence of WNV occurred among 61-70-year-olds (31.3%, n= 5) compared to 41-60 (30.8%, n= 12) and 20-40 (28.6%, n= 10). A higher prevalence of WNV IgG antibodies occurred in males (34.3%, n=12) than their female counterparts (30.9%, n=17). This study indicated that there is no association between WNV infection with age and sex. Conclusion and Recommendations: These results show that WNV is circulating in Rivers State and has accounted for malaria-like infection in the region. It is recommended that WNV serological testing for malaria-infected individuals should be included as a routine test since they are most likely to present similar symptoms of WNV fever. Also, proper hygiene which includes eliminating mosquito breeding sites is recommended to mitigate the spread of West Nile Virus infection.
{"title":"First Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus among Individuals with Febrile Illness in a Tertiary Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"I. Okonko, Ejovwokeoghene J. Omohwovo, Mary Uche Igwe, Solomon Offem Iyam, B. J. Okonko, E. Onu","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i6254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i6254","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: West Nile Virus (WNV) infection can cause severe illness. Very little is known about the seroepidemiology of WNV infection in individuals with febrile illness in Nigeria and many other developing countries. This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of WNV in individuals with febrile illness attending a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria and to determine if there was an association between WNV infection with age and sex. Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study Place and Duration of Study: Port Harcourt in Rivers State, Nigeria from September 2019 to December 2019. Methods: Human sera were obtained and WNV IgG was determined using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Results: Of the 90 study subjects tested, WNV IgG antibodies were present in 27 (30.0%) study participants while 63 (70.0%) study participants were seronegative for WNV IgG antibody. With age, a higher prevalence of WNV occurred among 61-70-year-olds (31.3%, n= 5) compared to 41-60 (30.8%, n= 12) and 20-40 (28.6%, n= 10). A higher prevalence of WNV IgG antibodies occurred in males (34.3%, n=12) than their female counterparts (30.9%, n=17). This study indicated that there is no association between WNV infection with age and sex. Conclusion and Recommendations: These results show that WNV is circulating in Rivers State and has accounted for malaria-like infection in the region. It is recommended that WNV serological testing for malaria-infected individuals should be included as a routine test since they are most likely to present similar symptoms of WNV fever. Also, proper hygiene which includes eliminating mosquito breeding sites is recommended to mitigate the spread of West Nile Virus infection.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"37 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139261860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i5241
Pakeeza Abid, Muhammad Babar Malook, S N Khan, M. Riaz, Hassan Rehman Ali, Kashif Kareem
Gemini viruses account for destructive scourge wastes that endanger nourishment safety. The genomic sequence of Gemini virus comprises of a round or disk shaped, unique or isolated stranded or grounded DNA crumb, which set off a duplex DNA replica center in the parenchyma cell core and translate almost seven to four universal polypeptide Weed attribute manipulate needs effectual pick out genetic editing machinery. Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats accompanying (CAS) type II organization cast off select genomic changing implementation beyond the organisms that have nucleus in their cell containing plants that cause resistance of these devastating Gemi virus. We know the evolution (TRV) tobacco rattle virus, which is, mediated during the genomic changing or during editing in tobacco plant family not long ago. We know that tobacco rattle virus also affects the new and newly growing plantlets that have possess a very small size genomic size that help in multiplication and binary fusion and also in cloning and agricultural agro infections that cause the plants to diseases. closer, constant action and distinctiveness of the tobacco rattle virus, which is mediated CRISPR Cas9 system for targeted modification of the tobacco rattle family plant Nicotiana benthamiana genome. Informational and experimental report perseverance TRV-moderate Cas-9 task for about 30 days agroinefection. In addition, our results show or demonstrate that TRV make up genomic sequence changing illustrated no in-exact work generable in exact arguing the exactness of the organization for vascular plantlets genomic sequencing scheme. Are hold of at once, the particular statics authorize reasonableness arousing chances of utilized the viral particle as a make peace CRISPER/Cas9 for chosen manipulate of the plant genomic sequence.
{"title":"Use of CRISPR/CAS9 System in Engineering Plant Resistant to Gemini Virus, an Emerging Threat","authors":"Pakeeza Abid, Muhammad Babar Malook, S N Khan, M. Riaz, Hassan Rehman Ali, Kashif Kareem","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i5241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i5241","url":null,"abstract":"Gemini viruses account for destructive scourge wastes that endanger nourishment safety. The genomic sequence of Gemini virus comprises of a round or disk shaped, unique or isolated stranded or grounded DNA crumb, which set off a duplex DNA replica center in the parenchyma cell core and translate almost seven to four universal polypeptide Weed attribute manipulate needs effectual pick out genetic editing machinery. Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats accompanying (CAS) type II organization cast off select genomic changing implementation beyond the organisms that have nucleus in their cell containing plants that cause resistance of these devastating Gemi virus. We know the evolution (TRV) tobacco rattle virus, which is, mediated during the genomic changing or during editing in tobacco plant family not long ago. We know that tobacco rattle virus also affects the new and newly growing plantlets that have possess a very small size genomic size that help in multiplication and binary fusion and also in cloning and agricultural agro infections that cause the plants to diseases. closer, constant action and distinctiveness of the tobacco rattle virus, which is mediated CRISPR Cas9 system for targeted modification of the tobacco rattle family plant Nicotiana benthamiana genome. Informational and experimental report perseverance TRV-moderate Cas-9 task for about 30 days agroinefection. In addition, our results show or demonstrate that TRV make up genomic sequence changing illustrated no in-exact work generable in exact arguing the exactness of the organization for vascular plantlets genomic sequencing scheme. Are hold of at once, the particular statics authorize reasonableness arousing chances of utilized the viral particle as a make peace CRISPER/Cas9 for chosen manipulate of the plant genomic sequence.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124156972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v13i1240
J. Prado
Proteus vulgaris belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family, colonizing mainly the gastrointestinal tract of animals, including humans. However, when there is some deregulation in the host's immune system, this pathogen spreads, causing several clinical manifestations. Currently in the literature little is discussed about the virulence and resistance profile of this species. Thus, the study aimed, through a literature review, to describe the main virulence factors and resistance of this strain. Studies have shown that P. vulgaris is associated with most Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), despite being less isolated from P. mirabilis, exhibiting high motility ability related to its fimbriae, enzyme and endotoxin secretion, ability to produce urease and biofilm formation. As for resistance, the pathogen is intrinsically resistant to several antibiotics, requiring further studies for the development of new therapeutic alternatives.
{"title":"Virulence and Resistance Factors Associated with the Specie of Proteus vulgaris","authors":"J. Prado","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v13i1240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v13i1240","url":null,"abstract":"Proteus vulgaris belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family, colonizing mainly the gastrointestinal tract of animals, including humans. However, when there is some deregulation in the host's immune system, this pathogen spreads, causing several clinical manifestations. Currently in the literature little is discussed about the virulence and resistance profile of this species. Thus, the study aimed, through a literature review, to describe the main virulence factors and resistance of this strain. Studies have shown that P. vulgaris is associated with most Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), despite being less isolated from P. mirabilis, exhibiting high motility ability related to its fimbriae, enzyme and endotoxin secretion, ability to produce urease and biofilm formation. As for resistance, the pathogen is intrinsically resistant to several antibiotics, requiring further studies for the development of new therapeutic alternatives.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122175532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-11DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v13i1239
Mahmud Mohammed Evuti, M. Galadima, H. Makun, F. O. Badmos, Ajanya Benjamin Unekwuojo, Attah Friday, A. Hamidu
Mycotoxin is toxic secondary metabolite synthesized by filamentous fungi during their stationary phase of growth in agricultural crops, food and feed products. Niger State experienced high temperature and humidity for about three-quarters of the year, and these are some of the conditions that encourage filamentous fungi to produce mycotoxin in food products. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to dectect mycotoxins. Mycological profile and mycotoxins of sun dried yam and potato chips was determined. Total of fifty (50) samples were collected randomly from five markets in Minna and its environs. 179 isolates were recorded. Aspergillus species 86(53.1 %) Mucor species 27(15.1 %), yeast species 25(13.9 %) Penicillium species 14(7.8 %), Fusarium species 14(7.8 %) Rhizopus species 3(1.7 %) and Microsporum species 1(0.6 %) were the common fungi. The highest mean fungal counts (12.8 x 103 cfu/g) were observed in sweet potato chips bought in Gwada market while the lowest (3.5 x 103 cfu/g), was observed in Yam chips from Paiko market. The mean moisture content of 7.41±2.28 % was recorded in potato chips and yam chips had the lowest moisture content of 4.72± 1.66 %. Total aflatoxins, fumonisin and zearalenone contents were detected in 48 (96 %) of the samples. In yam and potato chips, total aflatoxin contamination was 68 and 84 % with mean concentrations of 12.6±7.36 μg/kg and 10.3±13.81 μg/kg respectively. The total aflatoxin concentration range of yam and potato chips were 0-61.84 μg/kg and 0-54.49 μg/kg with 28 and 48 % of the samples below 4μg/kg E.U limit respectively. Fumonisin contamination was 80 and 60% with mean concentrations of 928.123±559.50 μg/kg and 722.64 ± 137.85 μg/kg with a range 0.0-4018.24 μg/kg and 0 – 2055.98 μg/kg and had 52 and 72 % below 1000 μg/kg acceptable limit for yam and potato chips respectively. Zearalenone contamination in yam and potato account for 56 and 68% having mean concentration of 16.33± 9.71 μg/kg and 24.12± 21.03 μg/kg with a range 0 – 45.53 μg/kg and 0 – 83.74 μg/kg respectively. All the samples contaminated with Zearalenone were below the E.U regulatory limit of 100 μg/kg for food stuff intended for direct consumption. Dietary exposure and risk characterisation (EDI and %TDI) were further estimated for total aflatoxins, fumonisin and zearalenone. It was concluded that the level of contamination of these chips with mycotoxins poses a serious threat to public health and there is the need for proactive approach to drastically reduce fungal contamination.
{"title":"Health Implication of Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins Analysed from Sun Dried Yam and Potato Chips Sold in Minna Niger State, Nigeria","authors":"Mahmud Mohammed Evuti, M. Galadima, H. Makun, F. O. Badmos, Ajanya Benjamin Unekwuojo, Attah Friday, A. Hamidu","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v13i1239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v13i1239","url":null,"abstract":"Mycotoxin is toxic secondary metabolite synthesized by filamentous fungi during their stationary phase of growth in agricultural crops, food and feed products. Niger State experienced high temperature and humidity for about three-quarters of the year, and these are some of the conditions that encourage filamentous fungi to produce mycotoxin in food products. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to dectect mycotoxins. Mycological profile and mycotoxins of sun dried yam and potato chips was determined. Total of fifty (50) samples were collected randomly from five markets in Minna and its environs. 179 isolates were recorded. Aspergillus species 86(53.1 %) Mucor species 27(15.1 %), yeast species 25(13.9 %) Penicillium species 14(7.8 %), Fusarium species 14(7.8 %) Rhizopus species 3(1.7 %) and Microsporum species 1(0.6 %) were the common fungi. The highest mean fungal counts (12.8 x 103 cfu/g) were observed in sweet potato chips bought in Gwada market while the lowest (3.5 x 103 cfu/g), was observed in Yam chips from Paiko market. The mean moisture content of 7.41±2.28 % was recorded in potato chips and yam chips had the lowest moisture content of 4.72± 1.66 %. Total aflatoxins, fumonisin and zearalenone contents were detected in 48 (96 %) of the samples. In yam and potato chips, total aflatoxin contamination was 68 and 84 % with mean concentrations of 12.6±7.36 μg/kg and 10.3±13.81 μg/kg respectively. The total aflatoxin concentration range of yam and potato chips were 0-61.84 μg/kg and 0-54.49 μg/kg with 28 and 48 % of the samples below 4μg/kg E.U limit respectively. Fumonisin contamination was 80 and 60% with mean concentrations of 928.123±559.50 μg/kg and 722.64 ± 137.85 μg/kg with a range 0.0-4018.24 μg/kg and 0 – 2055.98 μg/kg and had 52 and 72 % below 1000 μg/kg acceptable limit for yam and potato chips respectively. Zearalenone contamination in yam and potato account for 56 and 68% having mean concentration of 16.33± 9.71 μg/kg and 24.12± 21.03 μg/kg with a range 0 – 45.53 μg/kg and 0 – 83.74 μg/kg respectively. All the samples contaminated with Zearalenone were below the E.U regulatory limit of 100 μg/kg for food stuff intended for direct consumption. Dietary exposure and risk characterisation (EDI and %TDI) were further estimated for total aflatoxins, fumonisin and zearalenone. It was concluded that the level of contamination of these chips with mycotoxins poses a serious threat to public health and there is the need for proactive approach to drastically reduce fungal contamination.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132573401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v13i1238
Md. Ashiqur Rahman, S. Islam, Shohanur Rahaman, Md. Altap Hossen, K. R. I. Sakib, Adiatuj Jahan Rimu
Fruit juices are incredibly popular because of how tasty and fresh they are. These juices contain all the nutritional benefits that were found in whole fruits. Juices are a nutritious beverage for people of all ages. People enjoys these drinks to meet their thirst almost every day during their work break or way to work. However, the situation is very different if they are exposed to pathogenic microorganisms when the juice is being processed. Juice might provide the bacteria with adequate chances to survive and grow because of its nutritional qualities. It was a cross sectional study. 10 samples were included in this study from different areas. To examine the microbiological quality, we included two different types of fresh juices in this investigation. There was contamination in every sample. Growth in MacConkey agar media showed pink mucoid colony. And also metallic sheen in EMB media is been noticed which determines the samples contain fecal coliform. The result is in between 1- 100 MPN which indicates these drinks can cause intermediate risk. These beverages' water has both a physicochemical and a microbiological component. For many individuals, buying traditional drinks from street vendors is a crucial way to quench their thirst. However, it might not always be safe to drink and might include potentially dangerous germs. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of ordinary drinks sold on the street, specifically the presence of fecal coliform bacteria. This study demonstrates that juice samples from street vendors in Dhaka North city are not complying with microbiological specifications of WHO. It also indicates that conventional drinks Mirpur area of Dhaka North City may not be safe for human consumption.
{"title":"Microbiological Study of Conventional Drinks in Mirpur Area, North Dhaka City of Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Ashiqur Rahman, S. Islam, Shohanur Rahaman, Md. Altap Hossen, K. R. I. Sakib, Adiatuj Jahan Rimu","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v13i1238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v13i1238","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit juices are incredibly popular because of how tasty and fresh they are. These juices contain all the nutritional benefits that were found in whole fruits. Juices are a nutritious beverage for people of all ages. People enjoys these drinks to meet their thirst almost every day during their work break or way to work. However, the situation is very different if they are exposed to pathogenic microorganisms when the juice is being processed. Juice might provide the bacteria with adequate chances to survive and grow because of its nutritional qualities. It was a cross sectional study. 10 samples were included in this study from different areas. To examine the microbiological quality, we included two different types of fresh juices in this investigation. There was contamination in every sample. Growth in MacConkey agar media showed pink mucoid colony. And also metallic sheen in EMB media is been noticed which determines the samples contain fecal coliform. The result is in between 1- 100 MPN which indicates these drinks can cause intermediate risk. These beverages' water has both a physicochemical and a microbiological component. For many individuals, buying traditional drinks from street vendors is a crucial way to quench their thirst. However, it might not always be safe to drink and might include potentially dangerous germs. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of ordinary drinks sold on the street, specifically the presence of fecal coliform bacteria. This study demonstrates that juice samples from street vendors in Dhaka North city are not complying with microbiological specifications of WHO. It also indicates that conventional drinks Mirpur area of Dhaka North City may not be safe for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116669902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-08DOI: 10.9734/ijpr/2023/v13i1237
J. S. Attah, H. Stanley, O. Immanuel
Poor sanitation in the learning environments puts children of school age under threat of contracting infectious diseases as well impact on their overall development. This problem threatens the right to education for children in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed at assessing sanitation practices among selected secondary schools in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was used in this study. Students from government-owned schools were randomly selected for this exercise. The study showed that many of the students were knowledgeable about hand washing and practiced hand hygiene, particularly after visiting the toilet. The majority of the schools had storage containers for waste, toilets, potable water supply, and soap for hand washing, but no hand towel or tissue for cleaning hands after washing. The students were also knowledgeable about waste management, which was taught to them by their schools. The solid waste management practice of the school was generally satisfactory as wastebaskets were available and placed close to the classrooms, and disposed of daily. It is strongly recommended that water used in schools should be compulsorily treated periodically to eradicate waterborne diseases.
{"title":"Assessment of Sanitation Practices among the Students in Selected Public Secondary Schools in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"J. S. Attah, H. Stanley, O. Immanuel","doi":"10.9734/ijpr/2023/v13i1237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2023/v13i1237","url":null,"abstract":"Poor sanitation in the learning environments puts children of school age under threat of contracting infectious diseases as well impact on their overall development. This problem threatens the right to education for children in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed at assessing sanitation practices among selected secondary schools in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was used in this study. Students from government-owned schools were randomly selected for this exercise. The study showed that many of the students were knowledgeable about hand washing and practiced hand hygiene, particularly after visiting the toilet. The majority of the schools had storage containers for waste, toilets, potable water supply, and soap for hand washing, but no hand towel or tissue for cleaning hands after washing. The students were also knowledgeable about waste management, which was taught to them by their schools. The solid waste management practice of the school was generally satisfactory as wastebaskets were available and placed close to the classrooms, and disposed of daily. It is strongly recommended that water used in schools should be compulsorily treated periodically to eradicate waterborne diseases.","PeriodicalId":129993,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pathogen Research","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124509285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：