Hormones and Behavior最新文献_第2页

Prolactin and the shared regulation of parental care and cooperative helping behavior in white-browed sparrow weaver societies 白眉雀织社会中催乳素与亲代照顾和合作帮助行为的共同调节

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105872

Lindsay A. Walker , Linda Tschirren , Jennifer E. York , Peter J. Sharp , Simone L. Meddle , Andrew J. Young

In many cooperatively breeding species non-breeding individuals help to rear the offspring of breeders. The physiological mechanisms that regulate such cooperative helping behavior are poorly understood, but may have been co-opted, during the evolution of cooperative breeding, from pre-existing mechanisms that regulated parental care. Key among these may be a role for prolactin. Here we investigate whether natural variation in circulating prolactin levels predicts both parental and helper contributions to nestling provisioning in wild cooperatively breeding white-browed sparrow weavers, Plocepasser mahali. In sparrow weaver groups, a dominant pair monopolize reproduction and non-breeding subordinates help with nestling feeding. We show that: (i) among parents, females feed their nestlings at higher rates, make longer provisioning visits, and have higher prolactin levels than males; and (ii) among subordinates, engaged in cooperative helping behavior, those within their natal groups feed nestlings at higher rates and have higher prolactin levels than immigrants. Accordingly, continuous variation in prolactin levels positively predicts nestling provisioning rates and provisioning visit durations when all bird classes are combined. These relationships are principally driven by differences among bird classes; the more limited within-class variation in prolactin and provisioning traits were not evidently correlated, for which a range of potential explanations exist. While these correlative findings are broadly consistent with the hypothesis that parental care and cooperative helping behavior are regulated by a shared mechanism, experiments are now needed to establish whether prolactin plays a causal role, and if so, whether it regulates continuous variation in provisioning rate or simply activates provisioning behavior.

在许多合作繁殖的物种中，非繁殖个体帮助抚养繁殖者的后代。调节这种合作帮助行为的生理机制尚不清楚，但在合作繁殖的进化过程中，可能已经从先前存在的调节亲代照顾的机制中被吸收了。其中的关键可能是催乳素的作用。在这里，我们研究循环催乳素水平的自然变化是否预测亲本和帮手对野生合作繁殖的白眉织布雀（Plocepasser mahali）雏鸟供应的贡献。在织雀群中，一对优势配偶垄断繁殖，而非繁殖的从属配偶则帮助哺育雏鸟。结果表明：(1)母鸟的哺育率较高，哺育时间较长，泌乳素水平高于雄鸟；(2)在参与合作帮助行为的下属中，本群体内的下属喂养雏鸟的比率和泌乳素水平高于移民。因此，当所有鸟类类别组合时，催乳素水平的持续变化正预测雏鸟喂养率和喂养访问持续时间。这些关系主要是由鸟类类别之间的差异驱动的；催乳素性状和供给性状的类内变异不具有明显的相关性，存在一系列可能的解释。虽然这些相关的发现与亲代照顾和合作帮助行为是由共同机制调节的假设大致一致，但现在需要实验来确定催乳素是否起因果作用，如果有，它是调节供给率的连续变化还是仅仅激活供给行为。

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引用次数: 0

The role of oxytocin and cultural tightness in model-based learning of social Incongruency 催产素和文化紧密度在基于模型的社会不一致学习中的作用。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105873

Jia-Xi Wang , Yan Mu

Social norms are defined as implicit or explicit rules that maintain organizational and social harmony, yet norm violations are omnipresent. While encountering norm-based incongruency is an inherent part of life, how humans dynamically adapt to and resolve conflicts raised from such norm-based incongruency remains unclear—particularly with regard to the cognitive mechanisms involved and their neurobiological and sociocultural modulators. To address this within a specific daily setting, we conducted two pre-registered studies with 137 participants, integrating a social congruency task, Bayesian modeling, intranasal oxytocin (placebo control) administration, and cultural values. Behavioral results of Study 1 (n = 50) revealed that congruency effects were shown but most of congruency sequence effects were absent in the social congruency task, indicating a limited adaptation (trial-based learning) in the social domain. In Study 2 (n = 87), congruency and congruency sequence effects were replicated in the placebo condition. Additionally, oxytocin administration facilitated adaptive learning of social incongruency in both trial-based processing of successive weakly incongruent stimuli and model-based learning trend over time, which supports the social salience theory. Notably, oxytocin's modulation on the learning process was more pronounced in individuals perceiving more cultural tightness in daily life. These findings advance our understanding of social conflict resolution by identifying the computational mechanisms underlying dynamic adaptation to social incongruency—mechanisms that are distinct from those engaged in non-social domains. Moreover, the findings further elucidate how this adaptive process is modulated by oxytocin and individual perceptions of cultural tightness. In conclusion, the results highlight a culturally sensitive neuromolecular basis for managing social conflicts, offering important implications for promoting positive social interactions and harmony across diverse contexts.

社会规范被定义为维持组织和社会和谐的隐性或显性规则，但违反规范的行为无处不在。虽然遇到基于规范的不一致是生活中固有的一部分，但人类如何动态地适应和解决由这种基于规范的不一致引起的冲突仍然不清楚-特别是关于所涉及的认知机制及其神经生物学和社会文化调节剂。为了在特定的日常环境中解决这个问题，我们对137名参与者进行了两项预注册研究，整合了社会一致性任务、贝叶斯建模、鼻内催产素（安慰剂对照）管理和文化价值观。研究1 （n = 50）的行为结果显示，在社会一致性任务中存在一致性效应，但大部分一致性序列效应不存在，表明在社会领域的适应（基于尝试的学习）有限。在研究2 （n = 87）中，一致性和一致性序列效应在安慰剂条件下被重复。此外，催产素在基于试验的连续弱不一致刺激加工和基于模型的学习趋势中促进了社会不一致的适应性学习，这支持了社会显著性理论。值得注意的是，催产素对学习过程的调节在日常生活中感受到更多文化紧张的个体中更为明显。这些发现通过识别社会不一致性动态适应的计算机制，促进了我们对社会冲突解决的理解，这些机制不同于非社会领域的机制。此外，研究结果进一步阐明了这种适应过程是如何被催产素和个人对文化紧密度的感知所调节的。总之，研究结果强调了管理社会冲突的文化敏感神经分子基础，为促进不同背景下的积极社会互动和和谐提供了重要启示。

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引用次数: 0

The impacts of hormonal contraceptive use and state worry on the association between trait worry and cognitive control: A replication and extension 激素避孕药使用和状态焦虑对特质焦虑与认知控制关系的影响：一个复制和延伸

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105871

Jason S. Moser , Grace E. Anderson , E. Reid Davis , Ashley Hayden , Kenan G. Sayers , Lilianne Gloe , Courtney C. Louis

Research has begun to highlight the important role of endogenous and exogenous hormones in associations between anxiety and cognitive function. Our group and others have recently demonstrated that the association between worry, the cognitive component of anxiety involving future-oriented negative thinking, and cognitive control-related error monitoring is sensitive to both endogenous and exogenous hormones. Specifically, we have previously demonstrated that the association between trait worry and the error-related negativity (ERN), a neurophysiological marker of cognitive control-related error monitoring, is moderated by hormonal contraceptive (HC) use, such that females using HCs showed a larger association between worry and the ERN than naturally cycling (NC) females. In the present investigation, we aimed to replicate this finding in an independent sample of females and extend it by considering the additional role of state worry. Results replicated our finding of a significant association between trait worry and enlarged ERN in females using HCs, which was smaller and nonsignificant in NC females. State worry suppressed the association between trait worry and enlarged ERN in HC users. Finally, NC females showed an association between trait worry and inefficient behavioral performance that was likewise suppressed under state worry. Together, findings reveal a complex interplay between state and trait worry and exogenous and endogenous hormones in associations between anxiety and different aspects of cognitive control.

研究已经开始强调内源性和外源性激素在焦虑和认知功能之间的关系中的重要作用。我们的研究小组和其他人最近已经证明，焦虑（焦虑的认知成分，包括面向未来的消极思维）和认知控制相关的错误监测之间的联系对内源性和外源性激素都很敏感。具体来说，我们之前已经证明了特质焦虑与错误相关负性（ERN）之间的关联，这是认知控制相关错误监测的神经生理标记，使用激素避孕药（HC）可以调节，因此使用激素避孕药（HC）的女性比自然循环（NC）的女性表现出更大的担忧与ERN之间的关联。在目前的调查中，我们的目标是在一个独立的女性样本中复制这一发现，并通过考虑国家担忧的额外作用来扩展它。结果重复了我们的发现，特质焦虑与使用hc的女性的ERN增大之间存在显著关联，而在使用NC的女性中这种关联较小且不显著。状态担忧抑制了HC使用者特质担忧与ERN增大之间的关联。最后，NC女性表现出特质焦虑和低效行为表现之间的关联，这种关联同样在状态焦虑下被抑制。总之，研究结果揭示了焦虑与认知控制的不同方面之间的关系中，状态和特质焦虑以及外源性和内源性激素之间存在复杂的相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Predation risk-induced stress in vertebrates: Are ungulates equally susceptible? 脊椎动物捕食风险引起的应激：有蹄类动物同样易受影响吗？

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105869

Cecilia Tomasulo, Maria Losada, Marta Kołodziej-Sobocińska, Krzysztof Schmidt

Predation risk is a pervasive non-consumptive effect that can elicit acute and chronic physiological responses in prey species. While glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used as indicators of stress, the extent to which large mammals, particularly ungulates, exhibit hormonal responses to predation risk remains unclear.

This review examines whether consistent patterns of physiological stress responses to predation risk occur among vertebrates, with a particular focus on ungulates, and identifies ecological or methodological factors underlying observed variation.

A systematic literature search in Web of Science yielded 107 empirical studies measuring GC levels in vertebrates under predation risk. Studies were classified by stress type (acute vs. chronic), conditions (natural vs. experimental), and sampling method (invasive vs. non-invasive). Experimental studies included laboratory rodents.

Across vertebrates, 54 % of studies reported elevated GCs under predation risk, while 46 % did not. Acute stress responses were more consistently detected, especially in experimental studies (66 %) and with invasive methods (69 %). Chronic stress effects were less evident, with similar numbers of studies showing increases or no change in GC levels. Among ungulates, 10 of 13 studies showed no clear hormonal changes, likely due to ecological and evolutionary adaptations or the influence of confounding environmental factors.

Chronic stress from predation risk is inconsistently detected in wild vertebrates, particularly ungulates. Long-term exposure to predators may not always trigger measurable GC elevation, or prey may mitigate chronic stress via behavioural strategies. Future research should employ multi-method approaches to better capture the complexity of stress responses in large mammals.

捕食风险是一种普遍存在的非消耗性效应，可引起猎物物种的急性和慢性生理反应。虽然糖皮质激素（GCs）被广泛用作应激指标，但大型哺乳动物，特别是有蹄类动物，在多大程度上对捕食风险表现出激素反应仍不清楚。这篇综述探讨了脊椎动物对捕食风险的生理应激反应是否存在一致的模式，特别关注有蹄类动物，并确定了观察到的差异背后的生态或方法因素。在Web of Science上进行了系统的文献检索，获得了107项测量处于捕食风险下脊椎动物GC水平的实证研究。研究按应激类型（急性与慢性）、条件（自然与实验）和取样方法（侵入性与非侵入性）进行分类。实验研究包括实验室啮齿类动物。在脊椎动物中，54%的研究报告了在捕食风险下GCs升高，而46%的研究没有。急性应激反应的检测更加一致，特别是在实验研究（66%）和侵入性方法（69%）中。慢性压力的影响不太明显，类似数量的研究显示GC水平增加或没有变化。在有蹄类动物中，13项研究中有10项显示没有明显的激素变化，可能是由于生态和进化适应或混杂环境因素的影响。在野生脊椎动物，特别是有蹄类动物中，不一致地检测到来自捕食风险的慢性压力。长期暴露于捕食者可能并不总是触发可测量的GC升高，或者猎物可能通过行为策略减轻慢性应激。未来的研究应该采用多种方法来更好地捕捉大型哺乳动物应激反应的复杂性。

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引用次数: 0

Ovarian hormone dynamics and precision menopausal care: A translational agenda 卵巢激素动态和精确更年期护理：一个翻译议程。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105870

M. Vijayasimha

引用次数: 0

Standing strong: Effects of social dominance on neural activity and defeat-induced social avoidance in female Syrian hamsters 站立坚强：社会优势对叙利亚雌性仓鼠神经活动和失败诱发的社会回避的影响。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105868

Conner J. Whitten, Jessica N. Kearney, Anna F. Radford, Mackenzie K. Hooker, Alonnah R. Brewer, Emily A. Kaminski, Jeff R. Kelly, Leila N. Hennon, Luis Ivan Perez, Matthew S. Jenkins, Kalynn M. Schulz, Matthew A. Cooper

Social dominance modulates stress vulnerability, yet the neural mechanisms by which dominance status alters responses to stress in females remain poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether activation of neurons in the posterior medial amygdala (MeP) and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) was associated with reduced stress vulnerability in dominant female Syrian hamsters. We created dominance relationships in hamsters, exposed animals to social defeat stress, tested animals for stress-induced social avoidant responses, and collected tissue for c-Fos immunohistochemistry. Dominant females showed a significantly longer latency to submit during social defeat exposure compared to subordinates, accompanied by elevated c-Fos expression in the infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) cortex. In addition, dominant females showed greater social interaction in a social avoidance (SA) test compared to subordinates, suggesting resistance to a stress-induced loss of social motivation. Nevertheless, dominant and subordinate hamsters did not differ in c-Fos expression in MeP, IL, or PL neurons during SA testing. These findings suggest that reduced activity of PL and IL neurons during social defeat exposure leads to stress vulnerability in female hamsters and are consistent with the idea that vmPFC activity during stressful experiences enables stress resistance. Delineating the mechanisms by which social dominance alters vmPFC activity in females could have broad implications for understanding sex differences in risk for stress-related disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder.

社会支配调节压力脆弱性，然而支配地位改变女性对压力反应的神经机制仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在确定优势雌性叙利亚仓鼠后内侧杏仁核（MeP）和腹侧内侧前额叶皮层（vmPFC）神经元的激活是否与应激易感性降低有关。我们在仓鼠中建立了优势关系，将动物暴露在社会失败压力下，测试动物的压力诱导的社会回避反应，并收集组织进行c-Fos免疫组化。在社交失败暴露中，优势雌性比劣势雌性表现出更长的服从潜伏期，并伴有边缘下（IL）和边缘前（PL）皮层c-Fos表达升高。此外，与下属相比，占主导地位的女性在社交回避（SA）测试中表现出更大的社交互动，这表明她们抵抗压力导致的社交动机丧失。然而，在SA测试中，优势和从属仓鼠在MeP、IL和PL神经元中的c-Fos表达没有差异。这些发现表明，在社交失败暴露期间，PL和IL神经元活动的降低导致雌性仓鼠的应激易感性，并且与应激经历期间vmPFC活动能够抵抗应激的观点一致。描述社会支配改变女性vmPFC活动的机制可能对理解压力相关疾病（包括创伤后应激障碍）风险的性别差异具有广泛的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Autism and hormones: A perspective from the immune system and the gut microbiome 自闭症和激素：从免疫系统和肠道微生物组的角度。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105867

Charles Veilleux , Emine Defne Erenben , Nafissa Ismail

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects 2.7 % of individuals worldwide, and it is characterized by abnormal social interactions, communication deficits, restricted interactions, and repetitive behaviors. This disorder appears early in life, and it has been diagnosed more frequently in males than in females. Several factors have been shown to be associated with the onset of ASD. However, the mechanisms underlying the onset of this neurodevelopmental disorder and the higher prevalence in males remain unclear. This review discusses the role of hormonal imbalances, immune system activation during the prenatal (maternal immune activation) and the neonatal periods (neonatal immune activation), immune dysregulation and gut dysbiosis in the development of ASD. It also highlights the many interactions between these systems and demonstrates the true complexity of this disorder.

自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）影响全球2.7%的个体，其特征是异常的社会互动、沟通缺陷、限制互动和重复行为。这种疾病出现在生命早期，男性比女性更常被诊断出来。有几个因素被证明与自闭症谱系障碍的发病有关。然而，这种神经发育障碍的发病机制和男性中较高的患病率仍不清楚。本文综述了激素失衡、产前免疫系统激活（母体免疫激活）和新生儿期免疫系统激活（新生儿免疫激活）、免疫失调和肠道生态失调在ASD发展中的作用。它还强调了这些系统之间的许多相互作用，并展示了这种疾病的真正复杂性。

引用次数: 0

An evolutionary shift to prioritizing mating over care is associated with consistently high androgen levels in male threespine stickleback 交配优先于照顾的进化转变与雄性三刺棘鱼体内持续高水平的雄激素有关

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105866

Meghan F. Maciejewski , Alison M. Bell

Steroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating social behaviors in vertebrates, but the mechanisms by which hormones mediate the evolution of these traits remain an open question. Here, we use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify a panel of steroids in breeding males of two recently diverged populations of threespine stickleback. The common ecotype provides paternal care, whereas the white ecotype has evolutionarily lost care. Hormone levels were quantified in both ecotypes at three reproductive stages: (1) after completing a nest, (2) soon after mating, when commons begin providing care and whites remove their embryos from the nest, and (3) four days after mating, when commons are performing parental care and are no longer courting females while whites are not providing care and are courting females. Androgens declined in commons when males began providing care but remained elevated in whites across stages, possibly to maintain the production of “spiggin,” the androgen-dependent glue males use to construct nests. Progestogen levels were consistently low in whites and were lowest in commons after mating, suggesting an antagonistic relationship between progestogens and sexual behavior. Both ecotypes showed elevated glucocorticoid levels after mating, suggesting that the stress axis may not have diverged between ecotypes. Altogether, these results provide evidence that the ecotypes regulate steroid levels differently, supporting the ways in which they balance mating and parental effort. Our data suggest a variety of mechanisms by which steroid signaling and regulation can change during the early stages of evolutionary divergence between behaviorally distinct populations.

类固醇激素在调节脊椎动物的社会行为中起着至关重要的作用，但激素调节这些特征进化的机制仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。在这里，我们使用液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS/MS）来量化两个最近分化的三棘棘鱼种群中繁殖雄性的类固醇。普通生态型提供父系抚育，而白色生态型在进化上失去了抚育。两种生态型在三个繁殖阶段的激素水平被量化：(1)完成一个巢穴后，(2)交配后不久，当公地开始提供照顾，白地从巢中取出胚胎时，(3)交配后4天，当公地履行亲代照顾，不再向雌性求爱，而白地不提供照顾，而是向雌性求爱时。雄性开始提供照顾时，雄性激素在公地中下降，但在白蚁的各个阶段都保持较高水平，可能是为了维持“spiggin”的产生，这是雄性用来筑巢的依赖雄性激素的胶水。白人的孕激素水平一直很低，而公地交配后的孕激素水平最低，这表明孕激素与性行为之间存在拮抗关系。交配后两种生态型的糖皮质激素水平均升高，这表明应激轴在生态型之间可能没有分化。总之，这些结果提供了证据，证明生态型调节类固醇水平的方式不同，支持它们平衡交配和育儿努力的方式。我们的数据表明，在行为不同的种群之间进化分化的早期阶段，类固醇信号和调节可以改变的多种机制。

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引用次数: 0

Thioredoxin interacting protein mediates corticosterone-induced depressive-like behavior in male mice 硫氧还蛋白相互作用蛋白介导雄性小鼠皮质酮诱导的抑郁样行为。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105865

M. Alejandra Llanes-Cuesta, Hua Tan, Azar Aghazadeh Khasraghi, Jun-Feng Wang

Chronic stress is a major risk factor for depression and other psychiatric disorders. Chronic treatment with stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) has been found to induce oxidative damage and depressive-like behaviors in rodents. Thioredoxin (Trx) antioxidant system includes Trx, Trx reductase (TrxR) and Trx-interacting protein (Txnip), and plays an important role in regulating oxidative stress. Trx is an oxidoreductase and reverses protein oxidation, TrxR maintains Trx reducing activity, while Txnip is an endogenous inhibitor for Trx. In this study, we explored the role of Trx system in chronic CORT treatment-induced neuronal damage and depressive-like behaviors in mice. We found that although chronic CORT treatment had no effect on Trx and TrxR protein levels, this treatment increased Txnip protein levels in primary cultured mouse cerebral cortical neurons. We also found that CORT treatment reduced cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. Because CREB phosphorylation is important in promoting neuronal differentiation, we further analyzed the effect of CORT treatment on dendritic outgrowth. We found that CORT treatment decreased dendritic outgrowth in cultured neurons and knocking down Txnip gene reversed CORT-decreased dendritic outgrowth. We also found that treatment with CORT for 21 days induced depressive-like behaviors in mice but knocking down Txnip in medial frontal cortex prevented CORT-induced depressive-like behaviors. Our results suggest that upregulation of Txnip by CORT may inhibit Trx activity, leading to oxidative damage, and impairment in neuronal differentiation, contributing to the development of depression.

慢性压力是抑郁症和其他精神疾病的主要风险因素。长期使用应激激素皮质酮（CORT）治疗可以诱导啮齿动物的氧化损伤和抑郁样行为。硫氧还蛋白（Trx）抗氧化系统包括Trx、Trx还原酶（TrxR）和Trx相互作用蛋白（Txnip），在调节氧化应激中起重要作用。Trx是一种氧化还原酶，可以逆转蛋白质的氧化，TrxR维持Trx的还原活性，而Txnip是一种内源性Trx抑制剂。在这项研究中，我们探讨了Trx系统在慢性CORT治疗诱导的小鼠神经元损伤和抑郁样行为中的作用。我们发现，虽然慢性CORT治疗对Trx和TrxR蛋白水平没有影响，但这种治疗增加了原代培养小鼠大脑皮层神经元中Txnip蛋白水平。我们还发现，CORT治疗降低了cAMP反应元件结合蛋白（CREB）的磷酸化。由于CREB磷酸化在促进神经元分化中很重要，我们进一步分析了CORT治疗对树突生长的影响。我们发现，CORT处理减少了培养神经元的树突生长，敲除Txnip基因逆转了CORT减少的树突生长。我们还发现，用CORT治疗21天会诱发小鼠的抑郁样行为，但抑制内侧额叶皮层的Txnip可阻止CORT诱导的抑郁样行为。我们的研究结果表明，CORT上调Txnip可能抑制Trx活性，导致氧化损伤和神经元分化障碍，促进抑郁症的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Progesterone and negative emotionality across and between ovulatory cycles: A study of romantically involved women 黄体酮与排卵期前后的负面情绪：一项对恋爱女性的研究

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105860

Ryan T. Dobson , Tran Dinh , Tania A. Reynolds , Melissa Emery Thompson , Steven W. Gangestad

In prior work, naturally cycling women's progesterone levels were found to be associated with their anxiety levels and concerns about levels of social support. The current study further examined these associations. Naturally cycling partnered women (N = 180) participated in up to four in-lab sessions across a month. Each session, they filled out measures of their mood states and their concerns about investment by their primary relationship partners. Progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol levels were assayed in session-specific urine samples. In mixed model analyses, both average levels of hormones and within-woman variations of hormones were entered as predictors of negative emotionality and concerns about partner investment. Women's mean levels of progesterone positively predicted these outcomes, but their session-specific variations in progesterone were weakly and not significantly associated with these outcomes. Mean estradiol levels negatively and mean testosterone levels positively predicted negative emotionality. Only within-woman variations in cortisol levels predicted negative emotionality. In additional analyses, both mean follicular and luteal phase levels of progesterone predicted negative emotionality. Overall, results are not consistent with progesterone affecting negative emotionality. Perhaps negative emotionality influences progesterone levels, though additional research is needed before definitive causal conclusions can be offered.

在之前的研究中，自然循环的女性黄体酮水平被发现与她们的焦虑水平和对社会支持水平的担忧有关。目前的研究进一步检验了这些关联。自然骑自行车的女性（N = 180）在一个月内参加了多达四次的实验室会议。每一次，他们都要填写情绪状态和对主要伴侣投资的担忧。孕酮、雌二醇、睾酮和皮质醇水平在特定阶段的尿液样本中测定。在混合模型分析中，激素的平均水平和女性体内激素的变化都被作为负面情绪和对伴侣投资的担忧的预测因子。女性的平均孕激素水平与这些结果呈正相关，但她们的孕激素特异性变化与这些结果的相关性很弱，且不显著。平均雌二醇水平为负，平均睾酮水平为正。只有女性体内皮质醇水平的变化预示着消极情绪。在另外的分析中，卵泡期和黄体期的平均黄体酮水平都预示着负面情绪。总体而言，结果与黄体酮影响负面情绪的说法不一致。也许消极情绪会影响黄体酮水平，尽管在给出明确的因果结论之前还需要进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0