Hormones and Behavior最新文献_第3页

Progesterone and negative emotionality across and between ovulatory cycles: A study of romantically involved women 黄体酮与排卵期前后的负面情绪：一项对恋爱女性的研究

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105860

Ryan T. Dobson , Tran Dinh , Tania A. Reynolds , Melissa Emery Thompson , Steven W. Gangestad

In prior work, naturally cycling women's progesterone levels were found to be associated with their anxiety levels and concerns about levels of social support. The current study further examined these associations. Naturally cycling partnered women (N = 180) participated in up to four in-lab sessions across a month. Each session, they filled out measures of their mood states and their concerns about investment by their primary relationship partners. Progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol levels were assayed in session-specific urine samples. In mixed model analyses, both average levels of hormones and within-woman variations of hormones were entered as predictors of negative emotionality and concerns about partner investment. Women's mean levels of progesterone positively predicted these outcomes, but their session-specific variations in progesterone were weakly and not significantly associated with these outcomes. Mean estradiol levels negatively and mean testosterone levels positively predicted negative emotionality. Only within-woman variations in cortisol levels predicted negative emotionality. In additional analyses, both mean follicular and luteal phase levels of progesterone predicted negative emotionality. Overall, results are not consistent with progesterone affecting negative emotionality. Perhaps negative emotionality influences progesterone levels, though additional research is needed before definitive causal conclusions can be offered.

在之前的研究中，自然循环的女性黄体酮水平被发现与她们的焦虑水平和对社会支持水平的担忧有关。目前的研究进一步检验了这些关联。自然骑自行车的女性（N = 180）在一个月内参加了多达四次的实验室会议。每一次，他们都要填写情绪状态和对主要伴侣投资的担忧。孕酮、雌二醇、睾酮和皮质醇水平在特定阶段的尿液样本中测定。在混合模型分析中，激素的平均水平和女性体内激素的变化都被作为负面情绪和对伴侣投资的担忧的预测因子。女性的平均孕激素水平与这些结果呈正相关，但她们的孕激素特异性变化与这些结果的相关性很弱，且不显著。平均雌二醇水平为负，平均睾酮水平为正。只有女性体内皮质醇水平的变化预示着消极情绪。在另外的分析中，卵泡期和黄体期的平均黄体酮水平都预示着负面情绪。总体而言，结果与黄体酮影响负面情绪的说法不一致。也许消极情绪会影响黄体酮水平，尽管在给出明确的因果结论之前还需要进一步的研究。

{"title":"Progesterone and negative emotionality across and between ovulatory cycles: A study of romantically involved women","authors":"Ryan T. Dobson , Tran Dinh , Tania A. Reynolds , Melissa Emery Thompson , Steven W. Gangestad","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In prior work, naturally cycling women's progesterone levels were found to be associated with their anxiety levels and concerns about levels of social support. The current study further examined these associations. Naturally cycling partnered women (<em>N</em> = 180) participated in up to four in-lab sessions across a month. Each session, they filled out measures of their mood states and their concerns about investment by their primary relationship partners. Progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol levels were assayed in session-specific urine samples. In mixed model analyses, both average levels of hormones and within-woman variations of hormones were entered as predictors of negative emotionality and concerns about partner investment. Women's mean levels of progesterone positively predicted these outcomes, but their session-specific variations in progesterone were weakly and not significantly associated with these outcomes. Mean estradiol levels negatively and mean testosterone levels positively predicted negative emotionality. Only within-woman variations in cortisol levels predicted negative emotionality. In additional analyses, both mean follicular and luteal phase levels of progesterone predicted negative emotionality. Overall, results are not consistent with progesterone affecting negative emotionality. Perhaps negative emotionality influences progesterone levels, though additional research is needed before definitive causal conclusions can be offered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 105860"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimentally induced sexual behavior in male gray treefrogs activates the HPG but not the HPI axis 实验诱导的雄性灰树蛙的性行为激活了HPG，但没有激活HPI轴

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105864

Megan K. Freiler , Liam N. Halstead , Mark A. Bee , Alexander T. Baugh

While many studies have established how hormones modulate behavior, experiments that manipulate a behavior and quantify its hormonal consequences are rarer. Frog sexual behavior presents an opportunity to control a discrete behavior and observe its secretory consequences. Male frogs clasp females (amplexus) prior to gamete release. In the wild, amplexed males have endogenously higher gonadal and interrenal steroids. Here, we used Cope's gray treefrogs (Hyla chrysoscelis) to experimentally test the hypothesis that the behavioral act of amplexus causes these increased circulating hormones. We quantified levels of testosterone, estradiol, and corticosterone after 90 min in three treatment groups: unpaired males that were given access to a female and allowed to enter amplexus (“amplexus induced”), males in naturally amplexed pairs that were separated from their mate (“amplexus terminated”), and unpaired males that remained unpaired (“control”). Testosterone and estradiol were elevated in the amplexus induced group relative to males in the amplexus terminated and control groups. We did not observe any differences in corticosterone levels across treatment groups. These results suggest the behavioral act of amplexus activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, but not the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis. This study provides experimental evidence of a discrete behavior rapidly initiating hormonal changes.

虽然许多研究已经确定了激素是如何调节行为的，但操纵行为并量化其激素后果的实验却很少。青蛙的性行为提供了一个控制离散行为和观察其分泌结果的机会。在释放配子之前，雄蛙会抱住雌蛙。在野外，扩增的雄性有内源性较高的性腺激素和肾间激素。在这里，我们使用柯普的灰色树蛙（Hyla chrysoscelis）来实验验证一种假设，即脑波的行为行为会导致这些循环激素的增加。我们在90分钟后量化了三个治疗组的睾酮、雌二醇和皮质酮水平：未配对的雄性被允许接触雌性并进入扩张期（“扩张期诱导”），自然扩增的雄性与配偶分开（“扩张期终止”），未配对的雄性保持不配对（“对照组”）。与断臂组和对照组相比，断臂组的雄鼠睾酮和雌二醇水平明显升高。我们没有观察到不同治疗组间皮质酮水平的差异。这些结果表明，大脑波的行为行为激活了下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴，而没有激活下丘脑-垂体-肾间轴。这项研究提供了一个离散的行为迅速启动激素变化的实验证据。

{"title":"Experimentally induced sexual behavior in male gray treefrogs activates the HPG but not the HPI axis","authors":"Megan K. Freiler , Liam N. Halstead , Mark A. Bee , Alexander T. Baugh","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While many studies have established how hormones modulate behavior, experiments that manipulate a behavior and quantify its hormonal consequences are rarer. Frog sexual behavior presents an opportunity to control a discrete behavior and observe its secretory consequences. Male frogs clasp females (amplexus) prior to gamete release. In the wild, amplexed males have endogenously higher gonadal and interrenal steroids. Here, we used Cope's gray treefrogs (<em>Hyla chrysoscelis</em>) to experimentally test the hypothesis that the behavioral act of amplexus causes these increased circulating hormones. We quantified levels of testosterone, estradiol, and corticosterone after 90 min in three treatment groups: unpaired males that were given access to a female and allowed to enter amplexus (“amplexus induced”), males in naturally amplexed pairs that were separated from their mate (“amplexus terminated”), and unpaired males that remained unpaired (“control”). Testosterone and estradiol were elevated in the amplexus induced group relative to males in the amplexus terminated and control groups. We did not observe any differences in corticosterone levels across treatment groups. These results suggest the behavioral act of amplexus activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, but not the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis. This study provides experimental evidence of a discrete behavior rapidly initiating hormonal changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 105864"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bold female zebrafish (Danio rerio) have physiological advantages in reproductive performance 雌性大胆斑马鱼（Danio rerio）在生殖性能上具有生理优势。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105858

Yu Hu, Ying Liu

Research has established that individual behavioral differences (such as the bold-shy axis) can significantly influence reproductive success in various vertebrates. However, there is a notable gap in understanding the physiological mechanisms behind these reproductive outcomes. This lack of research limits our comprehension of how behavioral traits influence reproductive strategies and adaptability via neuroendocrine pathways. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between boldness traits and reproductive physiology in zebrafish (Danio rerio), including the gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonad histology, sex steroid hormones, and expression levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis-related genes. Zebrafish were classified into bold females, shy females, bold males, and shy males through the open field test. The results showed that GSI was significantly increased, and a strong non-significant trend was observed for higher plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) concentrations in bold females compared to shy females. No difference in plasma testosterone (T) concentrations had been found between bold and shy males. Bold female ovaries had more mature oocytes, while bold male testes had more mature spermatozoa. The detection of genes related to the gonadotropin pathway, steroidogenesis, and yolk synthesis revealed that significantly upregulated expression levels of gnrh2, cyp19b, hsd17β, fshr, lhr, vtg1, erα, and er2β were observed in bold females. It was found that the expression levels of gnrh2, fshβ, and lhr were significantly upregulated in bold males. These results suggest that bold and shy phenotypes are closely linked to the physiological state of reproduction, establishing a basis for further investigation into the biological significance of boldness in regulating fish reproduction.

研究已经证实，个体行为差异（如大胆-害羞轴）可以显著影响各种脊椎动物的繁殖成功率。然而，在了解这些生殖结果背后的生理机制方面存在明显的差距。这种研究的缺乏限制了我们对行为特征如何通过神经内分泌途径影响生殖策略和适应性的理解。本研究旨在探讨斑马鱼（Danio rerio）大胆性状与生殖生理的关系，包括性腺指数（GSI）、性腺组织学、性类固醇激素和下丘脑-垂体-性腺（HPG）轴相关基因的表达水平。通过野外试验将斑马鱼分为大胆雌鱼、害羞雌鱼、大胆雄鱼和害羞雄鱼。结果显示，与害羞的雌性相比，大胆雌性的GSI显著增加，且血浆中17β-雌二醇（E2）浓度明显升高。血浆睾酮(T)浓度在大胆和害羞的男性之间没有差异。粗壮的雌性卵巢有更多成熟的卵母细胞，而粗壮的雄性睾丸有更多成熟的精子。对促性腺激素通路、甾体生成和蛋黄合成相关基因的检测显示，bold雌性小鼠中gnrh2、cyp19b、hsd17β、fshr、lhr、vtg1、erα和er2β的表达水平显著上调。结果发现，gnrh2、fshβ和lhr的表达水平在bold雄性中显著上调。这些结果表明，大胆和害羞表型与生殖的生理状态密切相关，为进一步研究大胆在调节鱼类生殖中的生物学意义奠定了基础。

{"title":"Bold female zebrafish (Danio rerio) have physiological advantages in reproductive performance","authors":"Yu Hu, Ying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research has established that individual behavioral differences (such as the bold-shy axis) can significantly influence reproductive success in various vertebrates. However, there is a notable gap in understanding the physiological mechanisms behind these reproductive outcomes. This lack of research limits our comprehension of how behavioral traits influence reproductive strategies and adaptability via neuroendocrine pathways. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between boldness traits and reproductive physiology in zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>), including the gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonad histology, sex steroid hormones, and expression levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis-related genes. Zebrafish were classified into bold females, shy females, bold males, and shy males through the open field test. The results showed that GSI was significantly increased, and a strong non-significant trend was observed for higher plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) concentrations in bold females compared to shy females. No difference in plasma testosterone (T) concentrations had been found between bold and shy males. Bold female ovaries had more mature oocytes, while bold male testes had more mature spermatozoa. The detection of genes related to the gonadotropin pathway, steroidogenesis, and yolk synthesis revealed that significantly upregulated expression levels of <em>gnrh2</em>, <em>cyp19b</em>, <em>hsd17β</em>, <em>fshr</em>, <em>lhr</em>, <em>vtg1</em>, <em>erα</em>, and <em>er2β</em> were observed in bold females. It was found that the expression levels of <em>gnrh2</em>, <em>fshβ</em>, and <em>lhr</em> were significantly upregulated in bold males. These results suggest that bold and shy phenotypes are closely linked to the physiological state of reproduction, establishing a basis for further investigation into the biological significance of boldness in regulating fish reproduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 105858"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145603910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deciphering the molecular connections between polycystic ovarian syndrome and autism spectrum disorder using bioinformatic analysis 利用生物信息学分析解读多囊卵巢综合征和自闭症谱系障碍之间的分子联系。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105859

Himani Nautiyal , Akanksha Jaiswar , Kuldeep K. Roy , Shubham Dwivedi

Epidemiological studies show a positive association between polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), potentially due to elevated prenatal testosterone levels, supporting the prenatal sex steroid theory. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this association remain unclear. This study investigates the association between PCOS and ASD by identifying shared hub genes and exploring molecular mechanisms using publicly available gene expression datasets (GSE1615, GSE5850, GSE10946, GSE80432, and GSE28521). We analysed these datasets for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways using bioinformatic tools such as GEO2R, STRING, Enrichr, and Cytoscape. Sixty-three overlapping DEGs were identified, along with shared pathways related to hormone receptor signalling, synaptic function, and metabolic regulation. Network analysis highlighted hub genes (TP53, MAPK1, MAPK14, AR, ESR1, CCND1, EP300), regulatory microRNAs and transcription factors with potential roles in both disorders. Drug signature enrichment via DSigDB identified candidate small molecules through hypothesis generating prediction, including celecoxib, N-acetylcysteine and other drug molecules. Elevated maternal androgens are proposed as a shared environmental factor that may interact with molecularly regulated pathways, contributing to the observed molecular convergence. While the study integrates multiple well-curated datasets, sample sizes were modest, and analysis were performed exclusively in silico without experimental validation. These findings provide insight into the potential mechanistic overlap between PCOS and ASD, highlighting the molecular targets for future functional and translational studies, while underscoring the need for careful interpretation in maternal-fetal health contexts.

流行病学研究表明，多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）之间存在正相关，可能是由于产前睾酮水平升高，这支持了产前性类固醇理论。然而，这种关联背后的分子机制尚不清楚。本研究利用公开的基因表达数据集（GSE1615、GSE5850、GSE10946、GSE80432和GSE28521），通过鉴定共享中心基因和探索分子机制，研究PCOS与ASD之间的关系。我们使用GEO2R、STRING、enrichment和Cytoscape等生物信息学工具分析了这些数据集，以识别差异表达基因（deg）和途径。鉴定出63个重叠的deg，以及与激素受体信号传导、突触功能和代谢调节相关的共享通路。网络分析强调中枢基因（TP53、MAPK1、MAPK14、AR、ESR1、CCND1、EP300）、调控microrna和转录因子在这两种疾病中都有潜在的作用。通过DSigDB进行药物特征富集，通过假设生成预测鉴定候选小分子，包括塞来昔布、n -乙酰半胱氨酸等药物分子。升高的母体雄激素被认为是一个共同的环境因素，可能与分子调控途径相互作用，有助于观察到的分子趋同。虽然该研究整合了多个精心策划的数据集，但样本量不大，而且分析完全是在计算机上进行的，没有实验验证。这些发现为PCOS和ASD之间潜在的机制重叠提供了见解，强调了未来功能和转化研究的分子靶点，同时强调了在母胎健康背景下仔细解释的必要性。

{"title":"Deciphering the molecular connections between polycystic ovarian syndrome and autism spectrum disorder using bioinformatic analysis","authors":"Himani Nautiyal , Akanksha Jaiswar , Kuldeep K. Roy , Shubham Dwivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epidemiological studies show a positive association between polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), potentially due to elevated prenatal testosterone levels, supporting the prenatal sex steroid theory. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this association remain unclear. This study investigates the association between PCOS and ASD by identifying shared hub genes and exploring molecular mechanisms using publicly available gene expression datasets (GSE1615, <span><span>GSE5850</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, <span><span>GSE10946</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, <span><span>GSE80432</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, and <span><span>GSE28521</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>). We analysed these datasets for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways using bioinformatic tools such as GEO2R, STRING, Enrichr, and Cytoscape. Sixty-three overlapping DEGs were identified, along with shared pathways related to hormone receptor signalling, synaptic function, and metabolic regulation. Network analysis highlighted hub genes (TP53, MAPK1, MAPK14, AR, ESR1, CCND1, EP300), regulatory microRNAs and transcription factors with potential roles in both disorders. Drug signature enrichment via DSigDB identified candidate small molecules through hypothesis generating prediction, including celecoxib, <em>N</em>-acetylcysteine and other drug molecules. Elevated maternal androgens are proposed as a shared environmental factor that may interact with molecularly regulated pathways, contributing to the observed molecular convergence. While the study integrates multiple well-curated datasets, sample sizes were modest, and analysis were performed exclusively in silico without experimental validation. These findings provide insight into the potential mechanistic overlap between PCOS and ASD, highlighting the molecular targets for future functional and translational studies, while underscoring the need for careful interpretation in maternal-fetal health contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 105859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145603934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations between cumulative family environmental stress exposures and hair cortisol concentrations among 2.5- and 5-year-olds with different social competences 2.5- 5岁不同社会能力儿童累积家庭环境压力暴露与毛发皮质醇浓度的关系

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105862

Susanna Kortesluoma , Katja Tervahartiala , Laura Perasto , Elmo P. Pulli , Paula Mustonen , Mirko Morgese Zangrandi , Riikka Korja , Kirby Deater-Deckard , Hasse Karlsson , Alice S. Carter , Minna Lukkarinen , Niina Junttila , Linnea Karlsson

There is a vast amount of research indicating the associations between prenatal and postnatal environmental stress exposures and the human hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning in early childhood. However, less is known about the protective factors among these associations. This study aimed to examine the associations between cumulative family environmental stress (CFES) exposure and a child's hair cortisol concentration (HCC) at the ages of 2.5 (n = 213) and 5 (n = 372) years. We further analyzed whether toddlers' social competence (by The Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment) and preschoolers' pro- or antisocial behavior (by The Multisource Assessment of Children's Social Competence) would moderate the associations between CFES and HCC. Results showed that neither pre- nor postnatal CFES exposure was associated with child's HCC. However, children with higher social competence had lower HCC at the age of 2.5 independent of the environmental stress. Moreover, at the age of 5 years, in males with lower antisocial behavior, the HCC levels decreased along with the increased prenatal CFES exposure. The effect sizes were small, and the results should be considered with caution. The study provides some indications that a child's social and emotional abilities contribute to HPA axis functioning and could protect a child from family environmental related stress exposure during early childhood. Moreover, there may be sex differences in these associations. Further research is needed to examine whether a child's socioemotional competence could protect against stress arising from the early rearing environment as well as its contributions to the maturation of a child’ stress regulation.

有大量的研究表明，产前和产后环境应激暴露与儿童早期人类下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能之间存在关联。然而，对这些关联中的保护因素所知甚少。本研究旨在研究累积家庭环境压力（CFES）暴露与儿童2.5岁（n = 213）和5岁（n = 372）时头发皮质醇浓度（HCC）之间的关系。我们进一步分析了幼儿的社会能力（通过《婴幼儿社会和情感简要评估》）和学龄前儿童的亲社会或反社会行为（通过《儿童社会能力多源评估》）是否会调节CFES和HCC之间的关联。结果显示，产前和产后CFES暴露与儿童HCC无关。然而，社会能力较高的儿童在2.5岁时HCC发生率较低，与环境压力无关。此外，在5岁时，反社会行为较低的男性，HCC水平随着产前CFES暴露的增加而下降。效应量很小，结果应谨慎考虑。该研究提供了一些迹象，表明儿童的社交和情感能力有助于HPA轴的功能，并可以保护儿童在儿童早期免受家庭环境相关的压力暴露。此外，这些关联可能存在性别差异。儿童的社会情绪能力是否可以保护儿童免受早期养育环境所产生的压力，以及它对儿童压力调节成熟的贡献，还需要进一步的研究。

{"title":"Associations between cumulative family environmental stress exposures and hair cortisol concentrations among 2.5- and 5-year-olds with different social competences","authors":"Susanna Kortesluoma , Katja Tervahartiala , Laura Perasto , Elmo P. Pulli , Paula Mustonen , Mirko Morgese Zangrandi , Riikka Korja , Kirby Deater-Deckard , Hasse Karlsson , Alice S. Carter , Minna Lukkarinen , Niina Junttila , Linnea Karlsson","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a vast amount of research indicating the associations between prenatal and postnatal environmental stress exposures and the human hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning in early childhood. However, less is known about the protective factors among these associations. This study aimed to examine the associations between cumulative family environmental stress (CFES) exposure and a child's hair cortisol concentration (HCC) at the ages of 2.5 (<em>n</em> <em>=</em> <em>213</em>) and 5 (<em>n</em> <em>=</em> <em>372</em>) years. We further analyzed whether toddlers' social competence (by The Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment) and preschoolers' pro- or antisocial behavior (by The Multisource Assessment of Children's Social Competence) would moderate the associations between CFES and HCC. Results showed that neither pre- nor postnatal CFES exposure was associated with child's HCC. However, children with higher social competence had lower HCC at the age of 2.5 independent of the environmental stress. Moreover, at the age of 5 years, in males with lower antisocial behavior, the HCC levels decreased along with the increased prenatal CFES exposure. The effect sizes were small, and the results should be considered with caution. The study provides some indications that a child's social and emotional abilities contribute to HPA axis functioning and could protect a child from family environmental related stress exposure during early childhood. Moreover, there may be sex differences in these associations. Further research is needed to examine whether a child's socioemotional competence could protect against stress arising from the early rearing environment as well as its contributions to the maturation of a child’ stress regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 105862"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145587327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

No effect of glucocorticoid and noradrenergic activity on consistency in prosocial choice 糖皮质激素和去甲肾上腺素能活性对亲社会选择的一致性没有影响

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105863

Luca M. Lüpken , Alfons Schnitzler , Tobias Kalenscher

Stress can alter the way people make decisions, affecting domains such as risk-taking and social interaction. Growing evidence suggests that this may be driven by distinct effects of the stress neuromodulators cortisol and noradrenaline. For example, stress-induced neuromodulatory changes can influence social decision-making, promoting either prosocial or antagonistic tendencies and consequently shifting underlying values and preferences. While choices are directly observable, preferences are not and must instead be inferred from observed choice patterns. This inference relies on the assumption that preferences remain stable throughout the observation period, as reflected in the internal consistency of choices. However, the effects of stress on social decision-making challenge this notion. This raises the question of whether choice consistency – the basis for inferring preferences from choices – remains robust across dynamic changes in neuromodulator activity. Therefore, we examined whether cortisol and noradrenaline affect prosocial decision-making and choice consistency. In a double-blind psychopharmacological study, we exogenously manipulated cortisol and/or noradrenaline activity by administering hydrocortisone, yohimbine, both hydrocortisone and yohimbine, or placebo to 129 participants. Prosocial decision-making was measured using a modified dictator game before and after drug administration, and choice consistency was quantified within the framework of the Generalized Axiom of Revealed Preferences. Our results indicate that neither cortisol nor noradrenergic activity affected prosocial decision-making or choice consistency, suggesting that social preferences remain stable despite changes in neurohormonal states. These findings underscore the robustness of choice consistency across neurohormonal fluctuations and illustrate the complexity of how stress neuromodulators shape (social) decision-making.

压力可以改变人们做决定的方式，影响冒险和社会互动等领域。越来越多的证据表明，这可能是由应激神经调节剂皮质醇和去甲肾上腺素的不同作用所驱动的。例如，压力引起的神经调节变化可以影响社会决策，促进亲社会或对抗倾向，从而改变潜在的价值观和偏好。虽然选择是可以直接观察到的，但偏好不是，而且必须从观察到的选择模式中推断出来。这一推论基于这样的假设，即偏好在整个观察期内保持稳定，这反映在选择的内部一致性中。然而，压力对社会决策的影响挑战了这一概念。这就提出了一个问题，即选择一致性——从选择中推断偏好的基础——是否在神经调节剂活动的动态变化中仍然强大。因此，我们研究了皮质醇和去甲肾上腺素是否影响亲社会决策和选择一致性。在一项双盲精神药理学研究中，我们通过给129名参与者施用氢化可的松、育亨宾、氢化可的松和育亨宾或安慰剂来外源性控制皮质醇和/或去甲肾上腺素的活性。在给药前后，采用改进的独裁者博弈测量亲社会决策，并在揭示偏好的广义公理框架内量化选择一致性。我们的研究结果表明，皮质醇和去甲肾上腺素能活动都不会影响亲社会决策或选择一致性，这表明尽管神经激素状态发生变化，社会偏好仍保持稳定。这些发现强调了神经激素波动中选择一致性的稳健性，并说明了压力神经调节剂如何塑造（社会）决策的复杂性。

{"title":"No effect of glucocorticoid and noradrenergic activity on consistency in prosocial choice","authors":"Luca M. Lüpken , Alfons Schnitzler , Tobias Kalenscher","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stress can alter the way people make decisions, affecting domains such as risk-taking and social interaction. Growing evidence suggests that this may be driven by distinct effects of the stress neuromodulators cortisol and noradrenaline. For example, stress-induced neuromodulatory changes can influence social decision-making, promoting either prosocial or antagonistic tendencies and consequently shifting underlying values and preferences. While choices are directly observable, preferences are not and must instead be inferred from observed choice patterns. This inference relies on the assumption that preferences remain stable throughout the observation period, as reflected in the internal consistency of choices. However, the effects of stress on social decision-making challenge this notion. This raises the question of whether choice consistency – the basis for inferring preferences from choices – remains robust across dynamic changes in neuromodulator activity. Therefore, we examined whether cortisol and noradrenaline affect prosocial decision-making and choice consistency. In a double-blind psychopharmacological study, we exogenously manipulated cortisol and/or noradrenaline activity by administering hydrocortisone, yohimbine, both hydrocortisone and yohimbine, or placebo to 129 participants. Prosocial decision-making was measured using a modified dictator game before and after drug administration, and choice consistency was quantified within the framework of the Generalized Axiom of Revealed Preferences. Our results indicate that neither cortisol nor noradrenergic activity affected prosocial decision-making or choice consistency, suggesting that social preferences remain stable despite changes in neurohormonal states. These findings underscore the robustness of choice consistency across neurohormonal fluctuations and illustrate the complexity of how stress neuromodulators shape (social) decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 105863"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why do mood disturbances often occur in early postpartum? An integrative neurobiological and evolutionary perspective 为什么情绪障碍经常发生在产后早期？综合神经生物学和进化的观点。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105857

Ming Li

One of the most perplexing issues in clinical psychology is why the early postpartum period, supposed to be one of the happiest moments of a woman's life, is often associated with a significantly higher incidence of mental health problems. This manuscript advocates the idea that pervasive mood disturbances during the early postpartum period can be understood by exploring their proximate neurobiological mechanisms and ultimate adaptive functions. At the biological level, alterations in mood states are thought to proximately result from pregnancy- and motherhood-induced neurobiological changes, especially in the monoamine and glucocorticoid systems in various limbic areas (e.g., the hippocampus and hypothalamus). On the one hand, these changes must occur in order to prepare a new mother to better face the challenge of motherhood both physiologically and behaviorally, as they are critically important for increasing prolactin and oxytocin production to prepare for parturition and milk production, enhancing attentional and emotional processing of infant-related cues, and allowing normal onset and expression of maternal behavior. On the other hand, these changes also increase the mothers' stress response and vulnerability to experience mood disturbances. Evolutionarily, mild mood disturbances have been proposed to have the evolved functions of conserving resources and soliciting more social support to help raise a child when the unfavorable circumstances demand. The ultimate force influencing postpartum mood disturbances is the evolutionary pressure that promotes inclusive fitness of the mother. Clinical postpartum mental disorders most often develop in individuals with increased genetic and environmental risks for mental disorders. According to this proximate-ultimate theory, postpartum mood disturbances could be considered as either an unfortunate “by-product” or a potentially adaptive behavioral strategy of normative neurobiological changes from pregnancy to the early postpartum period. They clearly serve an evolutionary purpose to ameliorate unfavorable social and environmental conditions. This article reviews relevant animal and human studies on functional brain changes in postpartum females and articulates how these changes could contribute to the development of postpartum mental disorders.

临床心理学中最令人困惑的问题之一是，为什么产后早期，本应是女性一生中最快乐的时刻之一，却往往与心理健康问题的发生率显著升高有关。本文认为，产后早期普遍的情绪障碍可以通过探索其近似的神经生物学机制和最终的适应功能来理解。在生物学水平上，情绪状态的改变被认为是由怀孕和母性诱发的神经生物学变化直接导致的，特别是在各个边缘区域（如海马和下丘脑）的单胺和糖皮质激素系统。一方面，这些变化必须发生，以使新妈妈在生理和行为上更好地面对母性的挑战，因为它们对于增加催乳素和催产素的分泌，为分娩和产奶做准备，增强对婴儿相关线索的注意和情感处理，以及允许正常的母亲行为的发生和表达至关重要。另一方面，这些变化也增加了母亲的压力反应和对情绪障碍的脆弱性。从进化的角度来看，轻微的情绪障碍被认为具有保护资源和在不利环境需要时寻求更多社会支持来帮助抚养孩子的进化功能。影响产后情绪障碍的最终力量是促进母亲包容性适应的进化压力。临床产后精神障碍最常发生在精神障碍遗传和环境风险增加的个体中。根据这种近似终极理论，产后情绪障碍可以被认为是一种不幸的“副产品”，也可以被认为是从怀孕到产后早期正常神经生物学变化的潜在适应性行为策略。它们显然服务于进化目的，以改善不利的社会和环境条件。本文综述了有关产后女性脑功能变化的动物和人类研究，并阐述了这些变化如何促进产后精神障碍的发展。

{"title":"Why do mood disturbances often occur in early postpartum? An integrative neurobiological and evolutionary perspective","authors":"Ming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most perplexing issues in clinical psychology is why the early postpartum period, supposed to be one of the happiest moments of a woman's life, is often associated with a significantly higher incidence of mental health problems. This manuscript advocates the idea that pervasive mood disturbances during the early postpartum period can be understood by exploring their proximate neurobiological mechanisms and ultimate adaptive functions. At the biological level, alterations in mood states are thought to <em>proximately</em> result from pregnancy- and motherhood-induced neurobiological changes, especially in the monoamine and glucocorticoid systems in various limbic areas (e.g., the hippocampus and hypothalamus). On the one hand, these changes must occur in order to prepare a new mother to better face the challenge of motherhood both physiologically and behaviorally, as they are critically important for increasing prolactin and oxytocin production to prepare for parturition and milk production, enhancing attentional and emotional processing of infant-related cues, and allowing normal onset and expression of maternal behavior. On the other hand, these changes also increase the mothers' stress response and vulnerability to experience mood disturbances. Evolutionarily, mild mood disturbances have been proposed to have the evolved functions of conserving resources and soliciting more social support to help raise a child when the unfavorable circumstances demand. The <em>ultimate</em> force influencing postpartum mood disturbances is the evolutionary pressure that promotes inclusive fitness of the mother. Clinical postpartum mental disorders most often develop in individuals with increased genetic and environmental risks for mental disorders. According to this proximate-ultimate theory, postpartum mood disturbances could be considered as either an unfortunate “by-product” or a potentially adaptive behavioral strategy of normative neurobiological changes from pregnancy to the early postpartum period. They clearly serve an evolutionary purpose to ameliorate unfavorable social and environmental conditions. This article reviews relevant animal and human studies on functional brain changes in postpartum females and articulates how these changes could contribute to the development of postpartum mental disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 105857"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145549216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Appetitive maternal behavior in mice is resistant to perinatal chronic variable stress and perinatal chronic corticosterone treatment 小鼠母性食欲行为对围产期慢性可变应激和围产期慢性皮质酮治疗具有抗性。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105855

Carlos Rivero-Quiles , Brenda Abdelmesih , Adeline Kong , Usha Khan , Mikhail Kislin , Anita E. Autry

Perinatal stress is a risk factor for emotional and cognitive disturbances in both caregivers and their infants. Here, we compared the impact of two stressors, perinatal chronic variable stress (CVS) and perinatal chronic corticosterone treatment (C-CORT), on maternal exploratory behavior, maternal caregiving, and hypothalamic neural activity. We stressed mouse dams with each paradigm for 13 days starting at gestational day 11 (GD11). We examined open field exploration behavior on day 12 of stress (or post-partum day 3, PP3) and pup-directed behavior on day 13 of stress (PP4). We collected brains and serum 30 min after pup exposure to study circulating maternal corticosterone and the expression of the immediate-early gene Fos in hypothalamic neuropeptidergic cell populations. We found that perinatal CVS reduced distance moved and increased immobility in the open field, suggestive of a depression-like phenotype, while perinatal C-CORT reduced time spent in the center of the open field, suggestive of an anxiety-like phenotype. Dams exposed to both stressors showed intact appetitive maternal behavior. Importantly, we found that CVS in mated, unpregnant females led to hypoactivity in the open field and significantly increased pup retrieval latency. Both stressors led to reduced Fos colocalization with corticotropin-releasing factor in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH^CRF) after pup exposure. Perinatal C-CORT treatment increased Fos colocalization with urocortin-3 in the perifornical area of the hypothalamus (PeFA^ucn3). Together, these results suggest that adaptations in maternal physiology and brain function contribute to stress resistance, thereby protecting appetitive maternal behavior.

围产期压力是护理人员及其婴儿情绪和认知障碍的危险因素。在这里，我们比较了两种应激源，围产期慢性可变应激（CVS）和围产期慢性皮质酮治疗（C-CORT）对产妇探索行为、产妇护理和下丘脑神经活动的影响。从妊娠第11天（GD11）开始，我们对每种模式的小鼠进行了13天的应激。我们研究了应激第12天（或产后第3天，PP3）的野外探索行为和应激第13天（PP4）的幼犬定向行为。我们收集幼犬暴露后30分钟的大脑和血清，研究循环母体皮质酮和下丘脑神经肽能细胞群中直接早期基因Fos的表达。我们发现围产期CVS减少了在开放区域的移动距离，增加了不动性，提示了抑郁样表型，而围产期C-CORT减少了在开放区域中心的时间，提示了焦虑样表型。暴露于两种压力源的母鼠表现出完整的母性食欲行为。重要的是，我们发现在交配的、未怀孕的雌性中，CVS会导致开阔区域的活动减少，并显著增加幼崽检索延迟。两种应激源均导致幼犬暴露后下丘脑室旁核（PVHCRF） Fos与促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子共定位降低。围产期C-CORT治疗增加了下丘脑皮层周围区Fos与尿皮质素-3的共定位（PeFAucn3）。综上所述，这些结果表明，母体生理和脑功能的适应有助于抵抗应激，从而保护母体的食欲行为。

{"title":"Appetitive maternal behavior in mice is resistant to perinatal chronic variable stress and perinatal chronic corticosterone treatment","authors":"Carlos Rivero-Quiles , Brenda Abdelmesih , Adeline Kong , Usha Khan , Mikhail Kislin , Anita E. Autry","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perinatal stress is a risk factor for emotional and cognitive disturbances in both caregivers and their infants. Here, we compared the impact of two stressors, perinatal chronic variable stress (CVS) and perinatal chronic corticosterone treatment (C-CORT), on maternal exploratory behavior, maternal caregiving, and hypothalamic neural activity. We stressed mouse dams with each paradigm for 13 days starting at gestational day 11 (GD11). We examined open field exploration behavior on day 12 of stress (or post-partum day 3, PP3) and pup-directed behavior on day 13 of stress (PP4). We collected brains and serum 30 min after pup exposure to study circulating maternal corticosterone and the expression of the immediate-early gene Fos in hypothalamic neuropeptidergic cell populations. We found that perinatal CVS reduced distance moved and increased immobility in the open field, suggestive of a depression-like phenotype, while perinatal C-CORT reduced time spent in the center of the open field, suggestive of an anxiety-like phenotype. Dams exposed to both stressors showed intact appetitive maternal behavior. Importantly, we found that CVS in mated, unpregnant females led to hypoactivity in the open field and significantly increased pup retrieval latency. Both stressors led to reduced Fos colocalization with corticotropin-releasing factor in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH<sup>CRF</sup>) after pup exposure. Perinatal C-CORT treatment increased Fos colocalization with urocortin-3 in the perifornical area of the hypothalamus (PeFA<sup>ucn3</sup>). Together, these results suggest that adaptations in maternal physiology and brain function contribute to stress resistance, thereby protecting appetitive maternal behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 105855"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145549144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural circuits that suppress parental behavior in adult laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) and mice (Mus musculus) 抑制成年实验室大鼠（褐家鼠）和小鼠（小家鼠）亲代行为的神经回路

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105856

Michael Numan

This review examines the nature of a defensive neural system that suppresses parental behavior in sexually inexperienced (virgin) female laboratory rats and virgin male laboratory mice. Virgin female mice are not initially examined because many virgin female laboratory mice are ‘spontaneously’ maternal. While virgin female rats typically avoid pups, many virgin male mice initially attack pups. Despite these different responses, there are strong commonalities in the nature of their respective defensive neural systems. A comparison of the rat and mouse literature indicates that input from the vomeronasal organ activates the medial amygdala (MeA). The MeA and its connections to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, in turn, inhibit the medial preoptic area (MPOA), a hypothalamic region that promotes parental behavior, while also activating a medial hypothalamus-periaqueductal gray defensive region that causes virgin rodents to avoid or attack pups. While the foundational research on this circuit was performed on female rats, more recent research on mice, using advanced neuroscientific techniques, has added more detail to the defensive neural system by uncovering the involvement of urocortin 3-expressing neurons in the perifornical area of the hypothalamus and corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2-expressing MeA neurons. When female rats and male mice become parents, MPOA efferents inhibit the defensive system and activate parental motivation. Although many virgin female mice are ‘spontaneously’ maternal, a latent defensive system exists which can be activated by environmental stressors. The postpartum mouse is less vulnerable to such stressors, and the neural basis of such resilience is examined.

本综述探讨了在性经验不足的雌性实验大鼠和雄性实验小鼠中抑制亲代行为的防御性神经系统的性质。处女雌性小鼠最初没有被检查，因为许多处女雌性实验小鼠“自发地”成为母亲。虽然未交配的雌性老鼠通常会避开幼崽，但许多未交配的雄性老鼠最初会攻击幼崽。尽管有这些不同的反应，但它们各自的防御神经系统本质上有很强的共性。对大鼠和小鼠文献的比较表明，犁鼻器官的输入激活内侧杏仁核（MeA）。MeA及其与终纹床核的连接反过来抑制内侧视前区（MPOA），这是一个促进亲代行为的下丘脑区域，同时也激活下丘脑内侧-导水管周围灰色防御区域，导致未交配的啮齿动物避免或攻击幼崽。虽然这一回路的基础研究是在雌性大鼠身上进行的，但最近在小鼠身上进行的研究使用了先进的神经科学技术，通过揭示下丘脑皮层周围表达尿皮质素3的神经元和表达促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子受体2的MeA神经元的参与，为防御神经系统增加了更多的细节。当雌性大鼠和雄性小鼠成为父母时，MPOA传出抑制防御系统并激活亲代动机。尽管许多雌性小鼠是“自发”的母性，但存在一种潜在的防御系统，可以被环境压力激活。产后小鼠不太容易受到这些压力源的影响，并且检查了这种弹性的神经基础。

{"title":"Neural circuits that suppress parental behavior in adult laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) and mice (Mus musculus)","authors":"Michael Numan","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review examines the nature of a defensive neural system that suppresses parental behavior in sexually inexperienced (virgin) female laboratory rats and virgin male laboratory mice. Virgin female mice are not initially examined because many virgin female laboratory mice are ‘spontaneously’ maternal. While virgin female rats typically avoid pups, many virgin male mice initially attack pups. Despite these different responses, there are strong commonalities in the nature of their respective defensive neural systems. A comparison of the rat and mouse literature indicates that input from the vomeronasal organ activates the medial amygdala (MeA). The MeA and its connections to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, in turn, inhibit the medial preoptic area (MPOA), a hypothalamic region that promotes parental behavior, while also activating a medial hypothalamus-periaqueductal gray defensive region that causes virgin rodents to avoid or attack pups. While the foundational research on this circuit was performed on female rats, more recent research on mice, using advanced neuroscientific techniques, has added more detail to the defensive neural system by uncovering the involvement of urocortin 3-expressing neurons in the perifornical area of the hypothalamus and corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2-expressing MeA neurons. When female rats and male mice become parents, MPOA efferents inhibit the defensive system and activate parental motivation. Although many virgin female mice are ‘spontaneously’ maternal, a latent defensive system exists which can be activated by environmental stressors. The postpartum mouse is less vulnerable to such stressors, and the neural basis of such resilience is examined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 105856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145500415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CRISPR-mediated knockdown of oxytocin receptor in extended amygdala reduces stress-induced social avoidance in female California mice crispr介导的大杏仁核中催产素受体的敲除减少了雌性加利福尼亚小鼠应激诱导的社交回避。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105845

Valentina I. Cea Salazar , Arjen J. Boender , Adele M.H. Seelke , Liam Gaard , Sabrina L. Mederos , Sophia Rogers , Xiomara Z. Gutierrez , Karen L. Bales , Larry J. Young , Brian C. Trainor

Oxytocin receptors (OTRs) within the extended amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been implicated in modulating social behaviors, particularly following stress. The effects of OTR could be mediated by modulating the activity of pre-synaptic axon terminals or via receptors in post-synaptic neurons or glia. Using a viral-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system in female California mice (Peromyscus californicus), we selectively knocked down OTR in the anteromedial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) or NAc to examine their roles modulating social approach and vigilance behaviors. Knockdown of OTR in the BNST attenuated stress-induced decreases of social approach and had less robust effects on vigilance when interacting with a target mouse behind a wire barrier. In this large arena, where mice could control their proximity to a target mouse, BNST OTR knockdown also increased investigation of a non-social stimulus (empty cage). Behavioral effects of BNST OTR knockdown were weaker in the small arena where focal mice physically interacted with target mice. Interestingly, OTR knockdown in the NAc, reduced stress-induced social vigilance without affecting social approach. These effects could mediate altered encoding of socially aversive experiences, as knockdown manipulations were performed before stress exposure. Together, these results highlight effects of local OTR on social behavior that are region-specific.

杏仁核和伏隔核（NAc）内的催产素受体（OTRs）与调节社会行为有关，特别是在压力下。OTR的作用可能通过调节突触前轴突末端的活性或通过突触后神经元或胶质细胞中的受体介导。利用病毒介导的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统，我们在雌性加利福尼亚小鼠（Peromyscus californicus）中选择性地敲除了终纹前内侧床核（BNST）或NAc中的OTR，以研究它们在调节社交方式和警惕行为中的作用。在BNST中，OTR的敲除减弱了应激引起的社交行为的减少，并且在与铁丝网屏障后的目标小鼠相互作用时，对警觉性的影响不那么强大。在这个大的舞台上，小鼠可以控制它们与目标小鼠的接近程度，BNST OTR敲除也增加了对非社会刺激（空笼子）的调查。在病灶小鼠与靶小鼠发生物理相互作用的小范围内，BNST OTR敲除的行为效应较弱。有趣的是，NAc中OTR的敲除，降低了压力引起的社会警觉性，但不影响社会行为。这些效应可能介导社会厌恶经验编码的改变，因为在压力暴露之前进行了击倒操作。总之，这些结果突出了当地OTR对地区特定社会行为的影响。

{"title":"CRISPR-mediated knockdown of oxytocin receptor in extended amygdala reduces stress-induced social avoidance in female California mice","authors":"Valentina I. Cea Salazar , Arjen J. Boender , Adele M.H. Seelke , Liam Gaard , Sabrina L. Mederos , Sophia Rogers , Xiomara Z. Gutierrez , Karen L. Bales , Larry J. Young , Brian C. Trainor","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxytocin receptors (OTRs) within the extended amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been implicated in modulating social behaviors, particularly following stress. The effects of OTR could be mediated by modulating the activity of pre-synaptic axon terminals or via receptors in post-synaptic neurons or glia. Using a viral-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system in female California mice (<em>Peromyscus californicus</em>), we selectively knocked down OTR in the anteromedial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) or NAc to examine their roles modulating social approach and vigilance behaviors. Knockdown of OTR in the BNST attenuated stress-induced decreases of social approach and had less robust effects on vigilance when interacting with a target mouse behind a wire barrier. In this large arena, where mice could control their proximity to a target mouse, BNST OTR knockdown also increased investigation of a non-social stimulus (empty cage). Behavioral effects of BNST OTR knockdown were weaker in the small arena where focal mice physically interacted with target mice. Interestingly, OTR knockdown in the NAc, reduced stress-induced social vigilance without affecting social approach. These effects could mediate altered encoding of socially aversive experiences, as knockdown manipulations were performed before stress exposure. Together, these results highlight effects of local OTR on social behavior that are region-specific.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13001,"journal":{"name":"Hormones and Behavior","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 105845"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145389037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0