Hormones and Behavior最新文献_第5页

The role of paternal hair testosterone and cortisol levels in father-child bonding across the perinatal period in first-time fathers 父亲毛发睾酮和皮质醇水平在首次为人父的围产期亲子关系中的作用。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105838

Isabel Jaramillo , Jonathan Mamo-Wilhelmy , Luisa Bergunde , Marlene Karl , Kerstin Weidner , Susan Garthus-Niegel , Susann Steudte-Schmiedgen

Background

Previous research has linked short-term measures of the steroid hormones testosterone and cortisol to differences in parenting behavior in fathers. However, little research has focused on father-child bonding, the emotional dimension of the father-child relationship.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the associations of long-term testosterone and cortisol levels with father-child bonding during the postpartum period. In addition, we examined the change in cumulative testosterone levels during the transition to fatherhood.

Methods

As part of the prospective cohort study DREAM_HAIR, (expectant) fathers provided hair samples during their partners' pregnancy and at 8 weeks postpartum to quantify their long-term integrated testosterone and cortisol levels in the scalp-near 2 cm hair segment. Father-child bonding was assessed using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire at 8 weeks and 14 months postpartum.

Results

In the current sample of highly educated fathers with relatively low bonding difficulties, regression analyses, controlling for depressive symptoms, revealed no significant associations between postpartum hair testosterone, the change in hair testosterone from pregnancy to 8 weeks postpartum, and postpartum hair cortisol with father-child bonding. Further, we found no interaction between hair cortisol and testosterone or the change in hair testosterone from pregnancy to 8 weeks postpartum on father-child bonding.

Conclusion

The results indicate that long-term postpartum testosterone, its change from pregnancy to 8 weeks postpartum, and long-term postpartum cortisol are not associated with self-reported father-child bonding. Further research is needed to examine the differences of short and long-term steroids in relation to father-child bonding in heterogeneous samples. Additionally, conceptual research is necessary to examine the differences to mother-child bonding and to caregiving behavior.

背景：先前的研究将短期测量类固醇激素睾丸激素和皮质醇与父亲养育行为的差异联系起来。然而，很少有研究关注父子关系，父子关系的情感维度。目的：探讨产后长期睾酮和皮质醇水平与亲子关系的关系。此外，我们还检查了在转变为父亲期间累积睾酮水平的变化。方法：作为前瞻性队列研究DREAMHAIR的一部分，（准）父亲在其伴侣怀孕期间和产后8周提供头发样本，以量化其头皮近2厘米头发段的长期综合睾酮和皮质醇水平。分别于产后8周和14个月采用产后关系问卷对父子关系进行评估。结果：在目前受教育程度较高、亲子关系困难程度较低的父亲样本中，在控制抑郁症状的情况下，通过回归分析发现，产后毛发睾酮、妊娠至产后8周毛发睾酮变化、产后毛发皮质醇与亲子关系的关系均不显著。此外，我们发现头发皮质醇和睾酮之间没有相互作用，从怀孕到产后8周，头发睾酮的变化对父子关系没有影响。结论：长期产后睾酮及其从妊娠至产后8周的变化，以及长期产后皮质醇与自述亲子关系无关。需要进一步的研究来检查短期和长期类固醇在异质样本中与父子关系的差异。此外，有必要进行概念研究，以检验母子关系和照顾行为的差异。

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引用次数: 0

Juvenile hormone and maternal egg care in the European earwig (part I): Manipulation of JH, agonist, and precocene fails to induce the onset of egg care 欧洲蠼螋的幼崽激素和母性卵子护理（第一部分）：JH、激动剂和早熟的操作未能诱导卵子护理的开始。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105841

Laura Pasquier, Violette Wallart, Séverine Devers, Joël Meunier , Charlotte Lécureuil

Parental care is a crucial behaviour in animals. Yet the mechanisms regulating its initiation remain poorly understood, particularly in insects. Juvenile hormone (JH) is widely recognized as a key hormonal regulator in insects that influences a broad diversity of physiological and behavioural traits, including parental care after oviposition. However, its role in triggering the onset of egg care remains unexplored. To address this, we experimentally manipulated JH levels in 194 pre-ovipositing European earwig females and tested whether they initiated care towards foreign eggs. Contrary to our predictions, topical application or injection of JH, methoprene (a JH analogue), precocene (a JH production inhibitor) or acetone (control) at varying doses failed to induce egg care or to prevent egg cannibalism. This rejection of foreign eggs was not due to experimental stress, as positive control females that had previously laid eggs cared for new foreign eggs, even after acetone exposure. These results demonstrate that neither the presence or absence of JH nor the mere presence of eggs is sufficient to induce maternal care in pre-ovipositing females. Instead, our findings suggest that additional signals beyond JH modulation and/or alternative hormonal pathways may be critical for initiating care behaviours in earwigs. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the complex regulatory mechanisms underlying parental care and the multifaceted role of JH in insect behaviour.

亲代抚育是动物的一项重要行为。然而，调控其启动的机制仍然知之甚少，特别是在昆虫中。幼虫激素（JH）被广泛认为是昆虫体内一种关键的激素调节因子，影响多种生理和行为特征，包括产卵后的亲代抚育。然而，它在触发卵子护理开始中的作用仍未被探索。为了解决这个问题，我们通过实验控制了194只产卵前的欧洲蠼螋雌性的JH水平，并测试了它们是否对外来卵产生了照顾。与我们的预测相反，局部应用或注射不同剂量的JH、methoprene（一种JH类似物）、preocene（一种JH生产抑制剂）或丙酮（对照）未能诱导卵子护理或防止卵子同类相食。这种对外来卵子的排斥不是由于实验压力，因为之前产卵的阳性对照雌性即使在接触丙酮后也会照顾新的外来卵子。这些结果表明，无论是存在或不存在JH还是仅仅存在卵子都不足以诱导产卵前雌性的母性护理。相反，我们的研究结果表明，除了JH调节和/或替代激素途径之外的其他信号可能对启动蠼螋的护理行为至关重要。总的来说，这项研究促进了我们对亲代抚育的复杂调节机制和JH在昆虫行为中的多方面作用的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Adjustment of paternal care in response to experimental variation in extra-pair mating opportunity in male zebra finches 雄性斑胸草雀对配对外交配机会的实验变化对父权照顾的调整

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105834

Navina D. Liebermann-Lilie , Benedikt Schniedermeyer , Anabel Kröhnert , Sepand Riyahi , Sylvia Kaiser , Tim Schmoll , Peter Korsten

Extra-pair paternity is prevalent in socially monogamous bird species with biparental care. Male extra-pair matings may coincide with paternal care provisioned to within-pair offspring. This may lead to a trade-off between obtaining additional fertilizations and securing offspring growth and survival through paternal care. In this pre-registered study, we manipulated the social environment of zebra finches to investigate how males trade off extra-pair mating versus providing paternal care. We compared paternal care provision between a social environment where two pairs bred together in a cage—resulting in an opportunity for extra-pair mating (Double-pair group)—to one with single breeding pairs (Single-pair group). We additionally measured plasma testosterone and corticosterone to identify hormonal correlates of male behavioral responses. To further increase the opportunity for extra-pair mating for the focal males from the Double-pair group we removed the male of the non-focal pair during chick rearing by the focal males. Contrary to our predictions, Double-pair males incubated more than Single-pair males. While we found substantial extra-pair paternity in the Double-pair group after removal of the non-focal males, male brood provisioning, chick growth and survival, and testosterone levels were not affected by the experimental increase in male extra-pair mating opportunity. Corticosterone levels were higher in Single-pair males between the first and replacement clutch. Refuting common assumptions, our findings provide no experimental evidence for a trade-off between extra-pair mating and paternal care. Males were able to pursue extra-pair fertilizations while they simultaneously secured the growth and survival of their within-pair offspring.

在双亲本照顾的一夫一妻制鸟类中，额外的父系关系很普遍。雄性的配偶外交配可能与雄性对配偶内后代的照顾相一致。这可能导致在获得额外受精和通过父系照顾确保后代生长和生存之间的权衡。在这项预先登记的研究中，我们操纵了斑胸草雀的社会环境，研究雄性斑胸草雀如何权衡额外配对交配与提供父亲照顾。我们比较了两种社会环境中的父系抚育，一种是两对在笼子里一起繁殖，从而有机会进行额外的交配（双对组），另一种是单对繁殖（单对组）。我们还测量了血浆睾酮和皮质酮，以确定男性行为反应的激素相关性。为了进一步增加双对组中焦点雄的额外配对机会，我们在焦点雄饲养雏鸟期间将非焦点雄移除了。与我们的预测相反，双配对的雄性比单配对的雄性孵化更多。虽然我们在双对组中发现了大量的额外配对父权，但雄性的产卵量、小鸡的生长和存活以及睾丸激素水平并没有受到雄性额外配对交配机会的影响。在第一窝和替换窝之间，单对雄鼠的皮质酮水平较高。与通常的假设相反，我们的研究结果没有提供实验证据来证明额外配对交配和父亲照顾之间的权衡。雄性能够追求额外的配对受精，同时确保其配对内后代的生长和生存。

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引用次数: 0

Endocrine and behavioral responses to ecological and social challenges in wild Geoffroy's spider monkeys 野生Geoffroy蜘蛛猴对生态和社会挑战的内分泌和行为反应

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105824

Juliane Damm , Pedro A.D. Dias , Ariadna Rangel-Negrín , Colleen M. Schaffner , Fabrizio Dell'Anna , Filippo Aureli

To maintain homeostasis during external and internal challenges, vertebrates activate allostatic systems, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Additionally, animals can use behavioral responses to address such challenges, which may result in the reduction of allostatic processes. We assessed whether HPA activation is influenced by subgroup formation patterns during ecological and social challenges. We selected Geoffroy's spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) as study subjects, because they are characterized by a high degree of fission-fusion dynamics. We expected spider monkeys to address challenges by being in smaller subgroups when food availability is lower, in larger subgroups when perceived predation risk is higher, and either in larger subgroups or in proximity of more individuals when the likelihood of between-group encounters is higher. For 20 months, we collected behavioral data and fecal samples from 30 wild adult and subadult spider monkeys at the Otoch Ma'ax Yetel Kooh reserve in the Yucatán peninsula, Mexico, and assessed food availability in their home range. In support of our predictions, fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) concentrations were negatively associated with food availability, and they were lower when in smaller subgroups than in larger subgroups during low food availability. Fecal GCM concentrations were positively associated with alarm call rates and were lower when in larger subgroups than when in smaller subgroups during high perceived predation risk. We found no evidence for an association between fGCM concentrations and the likelihood of between-group encounters. Overall, subgroup formation patterns interact with HPA activity to successfully address ecological challenges in wild Geoffroy's spider monkeys. Our study highlights the importance of assessing ecological challenges and behavioral responses when interpreting HPA activation in the wild.

为了在外部和内部挑战中保持体内平衡，脊椎动物激活适应系统，如下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴。此外，动物可以使用行为反应来应对这些挑战，这可能导致适应过程的减少。我们评估了在生态和社会挑战中HPA的激活是否受到亚群形成模式的影响。我们选择杰弗里的蜘蛛猴（Ateles geoffroyi）作为研究对象，因为它们具有高度的裂变融合动力学特征。我们期望蜘蛛猴在食物供应不足时，能在较小的亚群中应对挑战；当感知到被捕食的风险较高时，能在较大的亚群中应对挑战；当群体间相遇的可能性较高时，能在较大的亚群中应对挑战；在20个月的时间里，我们在墨西哥Yucatán半岛的Otoch Ma'ax Yetel Kooh保护区收集了30只野生成年和亚成年蜘蛛猴的行为数据和粪便样本，并评估了它们家乡范围内的食物供应情况。为了支持我们的预测，粪便糖皮质激素代谢物（fGCM）浓度与食物可得性呈负相关，在食物可得性低的情况下，较小亚组的粪便糖皮质激素代谢物浓度低于较大亚组。粪便GCM浓度与报警率呈正相关，并且在高感知捕食风险时，较大亚组中的浓度低于较小亚组中的浓度。我们没有发现fGCM浓度与组间接触可能性之间存在关联的证据。总的来说，亚群形成模式与HPA活动相互作用，成功地解决了野生Geoffroy蜘蛛猴的生态挑战。我们的研究强调了在解释野生HPA激活时评估生态挑战和行为反应的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Chronic social isolation, crowding, and instability distinctly impact reproductive function in adult female Wistar rats 长期的社会隔离、拥挤和不稳定明显影响成年雌性Wistar大鼠的生殖功能

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105835

Marilou Poitras , Adèle Labonté , Aliya F. Qureshi , Cassandra Blackburn , Zoé M.I. Gracovetsky , Rutaaba Fasih , Hélène Plamondon

Social stressors represent highly relevant stress models which remain understudied in females. Concordantly, little is known of the impact of different types of social stress on female reproductive functioning, despite close interactions between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of reproductive functioning in female rats following exposure to three social stress paradigms. 112 regularly cycling adult female Wistar rats were exposed to 21 days of isolation, crowding, social instability, control housing (daily cage changes) or regular housing. Rats were then euthanized (in proestrus or diestrus) or underwent paced-mating and fertility assessments. Estrous cyclicity, uterine horn weight, hypothalamic expression of kisspeptin (Kiss1), gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), estrogen receptors alpha (ERα), and glucocorticoid receptors (GR), serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and corticosterone (CORT), as well as ovarian follicle counts were assessed. Findings show isolation to increase hopping behaviors, decrease early follicle counts, uterine weight, and GnIH, as well as increase FSH levels. In crowded rats, expression of GnIH and ERα were reduced, paralleled by fewer days spent in proestrus and increased hopping behaviors. Following instability, rats presented decreased estrous cyclicity, reduced uterine weight, and diminished ovarian reserve, despite minimal changes at the hypothalamic level. Paced mating exposure increased CORT in all groups except instability and crowding. Overall, social stressors presented distinct consequences on reproduction, highlighting their relevance as stress models and the importance of gaining a better understanding of social stress-induced reproductive dysfunction in females.

社会压力源代表高度相关的压力模型，在女性中仍未得到充分研究。同样，尽管下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴和下丘脑-垂体-性腺（HPG）轴之间存在密切的相互作用，但人们对不同类型的社会压力对女性生殖功能的影响知之甚少。本研究对三种社会应激模式对雌性大鼠生殖功能的影响进行了全面评估。将112只定期循环的成年雌性Wistar大鼠暴露于21天的隔离、拥挤、社会不稳定、控制住房（每日更换笼子）或常规住房中。然后对大鼠实施安乐死（在发情前期或发情后期）或进行节奏交配和生育评估。评估发情周期、子宫角重量、下丘脑接吻素（Kiss1）、促性腺激素抑制激素（GnIH）、雌激素受体α (ERα)和糖皮质激素受体（GR）的表达、血清黄体生成素（LH）、促卵泡激素（FSH）、雌二醇（E2）、黄体酮（P4）、皮质酮（CORT）以及卵巢卵泡计数。研究结果表明，分离可增加跳跃行为，降低早期卵泡计数，子宫重量和GnIH，并增加FSH水平。在拥挤的大鼠中，GnIH和ERα的表达减少，与发情天数减少和跳跃行为增加有关。不稳定后，大鼠表现为发情周期下降，子宫重量减少，卵巢储备减少，尽管下丘脑水平变化很小。除不稳定和拥挤外，有节奏的交配暴露增加了所有组的CORT。总的来说，社会压力源对生殖产生了不同的影响，突出了它们作为压力模型的相关性，以及更好地理解社会压力诱导的女性生殖功能障碍的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Hormonal lockdown: How mole-rat societies enforce infertility in helpers 荷尔蒙锁定：鼹鼠社会如何强制帮助者不孕。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105836

A.K. Janse van Vuuren , T. Süess , Kyle Finn , N. Hagenah , A. Ganswindt , D.W. Hart , N.C. Bennett

Reproductive suppression is a defining feature of cooperative breeding, yet the hormonal mechanisms regulating infertility in non-breeding individuals remain poorly understood. This study examines associations between circulating prolactin (PRL) and faecal metabolites of androgens (fAM), glucocorticoids (fGCM), and progesterone (fPM) in relation to socially induced infertility in two closely related cooperatively breeding mole-rat subspecies: the highveld (Cryptomys hottentotus pretoriae) and Natal mole-rat (C. hottentotus natalensis). Our results reveal a fundamental dichotomy in reproductive suppression strategies. Highveld mole-rats exhibited seasonally elevated circulating PRL in non-breeders during the dry season, coinciding with reduced pituitary responsiveness to exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and lower gonadal steroid metabolites. These associations are consistent with PRL involvement in physiological suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, but causality cannot currently be inferred. In stark contrast, Natal mole-rats showed relatively low and stable PRL levels across reproductive groups and seasons, with breeders exhibiting higher androgen and progesterone metabolites compared to non-breeders, a pattern consistent with behavioural suppression through incest avoidance, aggression or social dominance. These findings highlight the adaptive flexibility of cooperatively breeding systems and provide new insights into the hormonal architecture of reproductive suppression. Although the present findings do not establish causality, they delineate key hormonal and behavioural pathways that warrant future investigation.

生殖抑制是合作繁殖的一个决定性特征，然而调节非繁殖个体不育的激素机制仍然知之甚少。本研究在两个密切相关的合作繁殖的鼹鼠亚种：高原（Cryptomys hottentotus pretoriae）和出生鼹鼠（C. hottentotus natalensis）中，研究了循环催乳素（PRL）和雄激素（fAM）、糖皮质激素（fGCM）和孕酮（fPM）的粪便代谢产物与社会诱导不孕之间的关系。我们的研究结果揭示了生殖抑制策略的基本二分法。旱季时，高原鼹鼠的循环PRL呈季节性升高，这与垂体对外源性促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）的反应性降低和性腺类固醇代谢物降低相一致。这些关联与PRL参与下丘脑-垂体-性腺（HPG）轴的生理抑制是一致的，但目前还不能推断出因果关系。与此形成鲜明对比的是，在繁殖组和繁殖季节，纳塔尔鼹鼠的PRL水平相对较低且稳定，繁殖组的雄性激素和孕激素代谢产物高于非繁殖组，这种模式与通过避免乱伦、攻击或社会支配来抑制行为相一致。这些发现突出了合作繁殖系统的适应性灵活性，并为生殖抑制的激素结构提供了新的见解。虽然目前的发现没有建立因果关系，但它们描绘了关键的激素和行为途径，值得未来的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Tectal CRF receptors modulate the behavioral response of Xenopus laevis to live prey but not visual prey cues. 皮层CRF受体调节非洲爪蟾对活体猎物的行为反应，而不是视觉猎物线索。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105801

Breanna N Harris, Christine M Prater, Ryann Lockwood, Allison Kennedy, M Ghufran Murtuza, James A Carr

Tradeoffs between feeding and defensive behaviors are critical for survival, but their physiological underpinnings are not well known. Here, we investigate how a satiety peptide, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), acts within a novel location, the visual system (the optic tectum, OT), to modulate multisensory prey detection and the microstructure of feeding behavior. The OT has CRF-producing interneurons and CRF receptors, threat exposure increases OT CRF concentrations, and that CRF acts on receptors in the OT to decrease feeding behavior. We hypothesized that CRF in the OT may impact visual, lateral line, and/or multiple sensory processing to alter feeding. We predicted that OT CRF decreases responses to 1) a purely visual prey cue and 2) a live, multisensory prey item. We microinjected one of four doses of CRF bilaterally into the tecta of newly metamorphosed Xenopus laevis. We then exposed frogs to visual prey cues and then to live, multi-sensory prey (worms). We repeated the behavioral assays after 72 h to determine if any effects were long-lasting. Overall, frogs robustly responded to live and visual prey cues. CRF did not alter behavioral responses to the visual prey cues but did decrease select prey-capture behaviors and increase select avoidance-like behaviors following exposure to live prey. Our results suggest visual processing is not the primary sensory modality impacted by tectal CRF. These data provide a novel (i.e., extrahypothalamic) location for satiety peptide action and link neuroendocrine responses to ecological context of feed/flee tradeoffs.

觅食和防御行为之间的权衡对生存至关重要，但其生理基础尚不清楚。在这里，我们研究了一种饱腹肽，促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF）如何在一个新的位置，视觉系统（视神经顶盖，OT）中起作用，以调节多感官猎物探测和摄食行为的微观结构。OT具有产生CRF的中间神经元和CRF受体，威胁暴露增加OT的CRF浓度，并且CRF作用于OT中的受体以减少摄食行为。我们假设外耳部的CRF可能影响视觉、侧线和/或多重感觉处理，从而改变进食。我们预测，OT CRF会降低对1)纯视觉猎物线索和2)活的、多感官猎物项目的反应。我们将四剂CRF中的一剂微注射到新变形的非洲爪蟾的双侧内侧。然后，我们让青蛙接触到视觉猎物线索，然后是活的、多感官的猎物（蠕虫）。我们在72小时后重复行为测试，以确定是否有任何影响是持久的。总的来说，青蛙对活生生的和视觉上的猎物线索反应强烈。CRF没有改变对视觉猎物线索的行为反应，但减少了选择捕获猎物的行为，增加了选择回避的行为。我们的研究结果表明，视觉处理并不是受颅顶CRF影响的主要感觉方式。这些数据为饱腹肽作用提供了一个新的（即下丘脑外）定位，并将神经内分泌反应与饲料/逃跑权衡的生态背景联系起来。

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引用次数: 0

Pregnancy modulates responses to male odors in house mice. 怀孕调节家鼠对雄性气味的反应。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105802

Caitlin H Miller, Tess M Reichard, Jay Yang, Brandon Carlson-Clarke, Caleb C Vogt, Melissa R Warden, Michael J Sheehan

Pregnancy induces widespread physiological and behavioral changes, yet its impact on social decision-making remains poorly understood. Here, we show that reproductive status modulates female responses to male odors in house mice, revealing striking status-specific behavioral patterns. Estrous females displayed attraction to novel male odors, consistent with a motivation to mate. In contrast, pregnant females exhibited strong aversion - an anticipatory shift likely aimed at avoiding future infanticidal males. This status-dependent approach-avoidance response was recapitulated to the male urinary pheromone darcin, highlighting its robustness as a male signal. These findings suggest that reproductive status modulates odor-driven decision-making, balancing mating opportunities with offspring protection. This shift is likely mediated by hormonal fluctuations such as rising progesterone and estrogen, that act on neural circuits involved in olfaction, threat detection, and social motivation. Behavioral responses were further shaped by the richness and context of social odors, supporting combinatorial processing of urinary pheromones. This aligns with mechanisms such as stud odor imprinting and self-referential matching for inbreeding avoidance. Overall, our results point to anticipatory behavioral adaptations during pregnancy that prepare females for the challenges of motherhood.

怀孕引起广泛的生理和行为变化，但其对社会决策的影响仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们展示了生殖状态调节雌性对雄性气味的反应，揭示了惊人的状态特定行为模式。发情的雌性对雄性的新奇气味表现出吸引力，这与交配的动机是一致的。相比之下，怀孕的雌性表现出强烈的厌恶——一种预期的转变，可能是为了避免未来的杀婴雄性。这种状态依赖的方法-回避反应被概括为男性尿信息素darcin，突出了其作为男性信号的稳健性。这些发现表明，生殖状态调节气味驱动的决策，平衡交配机会和后代保护。这种转变可能是由激素波动介导的，比如黄体酮和雌激素的上升，它们作用于涉及嗅觉、威胁检测和社会动机的神经回路。社会气味的丰富性和背景进一步塑造了行为反应，支持尿信息素的组合处理。这与种马气味印记和自我参照匹配等机制一致，以避免近亲繁殖。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，怀孕期间的预期行为适应使女性为母亲的挑战做好了准备。

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引用次数: 0

Stranger-directed consolation-like behavior in mice in a test of social decision making 在一项社会决策测试中，老鼠在陌生人指导下的安慰行为。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105831

Sarah A. Blumenthal , Henry W. Kietzman , Karinne E. Cobb , Shannon L. Gourley

In the past decade, investigations into the neurobiology of empathy have been propelled by evidence that rodents are capable of more complex and nuanced social behaviors than previously believed. Several teams have reported that rodents will direct allogrooming and other consolation-like behaviors towards distressed conspecifics, including in situations in which consolation-like behavior was not the explicit focus of a given study. As a case in point, we unexpectedly found in a test of decision making incentivized by social experience that mice display consolation-like allogrooming towards distressed strangers. This observation was somewhat surprising because consolation-like behavior in rodents is often believed to be reserved for familiar conspecifics. Here in this brief report, we reveal that the allogrooming and close social proximity with a distressed stranger that we previously reported was accompanied by elevated sniffing and autogrooming in close proximity to the conspecific – a social contagion-like behavior. Also, these behaviors were not obviously attributable to general hyper-activity. We then describe the conditions in which this constellation of stranger-directed consolation-related behavior was observed, should this information support new research concerning stranger-directed consolation-like behavior.

在过去的十年里，有证据表明，啮齿动物能够比以前认为的更复杂、更微妙的社会行为，这推动了对移情神经生物学的研究。几个研究小组报告说，啮齿动物会对痛苦的同种动物进行同种梳理和其他类似安慰的行为，包括在类似安慰的行为不是特定研究的明确重点的情况下。作为一个恰当的例子，我们意外地发现，在一项由社会经验激励的决策测试中，老鼠对痛苦的陌生人表现出安慰性的修饰。这一观察结果有些令人惊讶，因为啮齿动物的安慰行为通常被认为是为熟悉的同类保留的。在这篇简短的报告中，我们揭示了我们之前报道的与一个痛苦的陌生人的异体梳理和近距离社交，伴随着更高的嗅探和近距离自我梳理——一种类似社会传染的行为。此外，这些行为不能明显归因于一般的过度活跃。然后，我们描述了观察到陌生人指导的安慰相关行为的条件，这些信息是否支持关于陌生人指导的安慰类行为的新研究。

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引用次数: 0

Examining androgen and estrogen profiles during pubertal development in autistic and neurotypical girls 在自闭症和神经正常女孩的青春期发育过程中检查雄激素和雌激素谱。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Hormones and Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105837

Blythe A. Corbett , Rachel Calvosa , Jaclyn Tamaroff , Rachael A. Muscatello , Trey McGonigle , Simon Vandekar

Background

Puberty is a normative albeit complex developmental period marked by significant changes in hormonal, physical, and socioemotional functioning. Research has theorized an important role for sex hormones in the etiology and profile of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially during developmental periods including puberty. Differences in pubertal onset in autistic compared to neurotypical girls have been reported. Aims examined female participants based on diagnostic (autistic, neurotypical) and hormonal expression (dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA-S), estradiol, testosterone) in the context of development (puberty, age). Hypotheses included: Hyp 1: autistic compared to neurotypical girls would demonstrate earlier pubertal onset. Hyp 2: DHEA-S and estradiol would be higher in older, more physically mature girls. Hyp 3: Testosterone would be stable.

Methods

Participants included females between 6-to-12 years with ASD (N = 112) or typical development (TD, N = 96). Morning salivary samples were collected for hormone assays. Nonlinear least squares and ordinary linear regression models were used.

Results

Autistic girls did not show significant evidence of earlier pubertal onset in pubertal stage (p = 0.692). There were no observed diagnostic differences in hormone changes through the pubertal or age range (p = 0.8367, p = 0.0694, p = 0.6812, p = 0.8418, p = 0.7358, & p = 0.1438) sampled. All hormones showed significant changes with puberty and age (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The study examined profiles of females based on diagnostic group and hormonal expression in the context of development. Although group differences were not observed in this cross-sectional study, hormonal differences may emerge as girls progress through puberty. It is vital to track and support autistic girls through this time of change and vulnerability.

背景：青春期是一个规范而复杂的发育时期，以激素、身体和社会情感功能的显著变化为特征。从理论上讲，性激素在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的病因和特征中起着重要作用，特别是在包括青春期在内的发育时期。孤独症女孩与神经正常女孩在青春期发病的差异已经有报道。目的是根据诊断（自闭症，神经正常）和激素表达（脱氢表雄酮（DHEA-S），雌二醇，睾酮）在发育（青春期，年龄）背景下对女性参与者进行检查。假设包括：假说1：与正常的女孩相比，自闭症女孩会表现出更早的青春期开始。Hyp 2: DHEA-S和雌二醇在年龄更大、身体更成熟的女孩中会更高。假说3：睾酮会很稳定。方法：参与者包括6- 12岁患有ASD （N = 112）或典型发育（TD, N = 96）的女性。早上采集唾液样本进行激素检测。采用非线性最小二乘法和普通线性回归模型。结果：孤独症女孩在发育期无显著性早熟迹象（p = 0.692）。在不同年龄段和不同年龄阶段，激素变化的诊断差异无统计学意义（p = 0.8367, p = 0.0694, p = 0.6812, p = 0.8418, p = 0.7358, p = 0.1438）。所有激素均随青春期和年龄发生显著变化(p)。结论：本研究基于诊断组和发育背景下激素表达检查了女性的概况。虽然在这项横断面研究中没有观察到组间差异，但随着女孩进入青春期，激素差异可能会出现。跟踪和支持自闭症女孩度过这一变化和脆弱的时期至关重要。

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引用次数: 0