Aim. Investigate the predictive relationship between 100 m front crawl swimming performance of youth swimmers and anthropometric characteristics. Materials and methods. Fifty-one active athletes (n = 30 male and n = 21 female) participated in the research and for the purposes of the analysis were divided into two categories (13–15 years n = 32, and 16–18 years old, n = 19). The following anthropometric data were used as set of predictive variables (7 longitudinal, 7 skinfolds, 3 circumference and 1 voluminosity variables). Results. One prediction model for each gender and age group emerged. The percentage of the explained variance of the dependent variable (100 m front crawl performance time) is 84.6 %, 54.4 %, 71.1 % and 72.7 % respectively for male, female, youth and cadet swimmers. The significant variables for each model were: arm span, biceps skinfold, biceps bracchi circumference in contraction for male swimmers, sitting height for female swimmers, biceps bracchi circumference in contraction and body weight for youth swimmers, triceps skinfold and biceps bracchi circumference in contraction for cadet swimmers. Conclusion. Youth swimmers’ performance can be predicted by important anthropometric parameters.
{"title":"PREDICTION OF 100 m FRONT CRAWL PERFORMANCE THROUGH ANTHROPOMETRICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN YOUTH GREEK SWIMMERS ACCORDING TO GENDER","authors":"G. Rozi, M. Dopsaj, T. Platanou","doi":"10.14529/HSM190108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190108","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Investigate the predictive relationship between 100 m front crawl swimming performance of youth swimmers and anthropometric characteristics. Materials and methods. Fifty-one active athletes (n = 30 male and n = 21 female) participated in the research and for the purposes of the analysis were divided into two categories (13–15 years n = 32, and 16–18 years old, n = 19). The following anthropometric data were used as set of predictive variables (7 longitudinal, 7 skinfolds, 3 circumference and 1 voluminosity variables). Results. One prediction model for each gender and age group emerged. The percentage of the explained variance of the dependent variable (100 m front crawl performance time) is 84.6 %, 54.4 %, 71.1 % and 72.7 % respectively for male, female, youth and cadet swimmers. The significant variables for each model were: arm span, biceps skinfold, biceps bracchi circumference in contraction for male swimmers, sitting height for female swimmers, biceps bracchi circumference in contraction and body weight for youth swimmers, triceps skinfold and biceps bracchi circumference in contraction for cadet swimmers. Conclusion. Youth swimmers’ performance can be predicted by important anthropometric parameters.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75738585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Surina-Marysheva, V. Erlikh, S. A. Kantyukov, K. Naumova
Aim. The article deals with studying the features of sensorimotor integration and movement coordination in elite hockey players aged 15–16. Materials and methods. A prospective longitudinal study was performed in the competitive phase of preparation. Hockey players aged 15–16 participated in the study (n = 36; attackers and defenders). The control group consisted of 16-year-old students from the college of physical education (n = 15). We performed an examination with the help of NS-PsychoTest software and hardware equipment (Russia, Neurosoft). We assessed the functional status of cortical centers of the nervous system, as well as the speed and accuracy of simple and complex eye-motor reactions. We determined the level of sensorimotor and voluntary movement coordination with the help of tremorometry. Results. Compared to peers, hockey players aged 15–16 possess a higher level of functional indicators under interference conditions (p < 0.05 in all cases) and a better indicator of the concentration of excitation (p < 0.001). Hockey players are characterized by a better speed and accuracy of reaction under interference conditions (p < 0.001 in all cases) and better reaction to a moving object (p < 0.05 in all cases). Compared to peers not-involved in sports, elite hockey players aged 15–16 are characterized by a higher level of voluntary movement coordination with a static form of muscle contraction (p < 0.01). Conclusion. The specific conditions of the competitive activity of hockey players aged 15–16 contribute to an increase in the efficiency of the central nervous system under interference conditions by improving the concentration of excitation. Sensorimotor integration of the players of this age is also distinguished by better predictive accuracy in reactions to a moving object. The parietal-premotor level of movement regulation in hockey players develops in accordance with age-related features, while specific physical loads influence the improvement of voluntary movement coordination with a static form of muscle contraction.
{"title":"PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES IN ELITE HOCKEY PLAYERS AGED 15–16","authors":"E. Surina-Marysheva, V. Erlikh, S. A. Kantyukov, K. Naumova","doi":"10.14529/HSM190105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190105","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with studying the features of sensorimotor integration and movement coordination in elite hockey players aged 15–16. Materials and methods. A prospective longitudinal study was performed in the competitive phase of preparation. Hockey players aged 15–16 participated in the study (n = 36; attackers and defenders). The control group consisted of 16-year-old students from the college of physical education (n = 15). We performed an examination with the help of NS-PsychoTest software and hardware equipment (Russia, Neurosoft). We assessed the functional status of cortical centers of the nervous system, as well as the speed and accuracy of simple and complex eye-motor reactions. We determined the level of sensorimotor and voluntary movement coordination with the help of tremorometry. Results. Compared to peers, hockey players aged 15–16 possess a higher level of functional indicators under interference conditions (p < 0.05 in all cases) and a better indicator of the concentration of excitation (p < 0.001). Hockey players are characterized by a better speed and accuracy of reaction under interference conditions (p < 0.001 in all cases) and better reaction to a moving object (p < 0.05 in all cases). Compared to peers not-involved in sports, elite hockey players aged 15–16 are characterized by a higher level of voluntary movement coordination with a static form of muscle contraction (p < 0.01). Conclusion. The specific conditions of the competitive activity of hockey players aged 15–16 contribute to an increase in the efficiency of the central nervous system under interference conditions by improving the concentration of excitation. Sensorimotor integration of the players of this age is also distinguished by better predictive accuracy in reactions to a moving object. The parietal-premotor level of movement regulation in hockey players develops in accordance with age-related features, while specific physical loads influence the improvement of voluntary movement coordination with a static form of muscle contraction.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87596874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Postnikova, Y. Potekhina, A. Kurnikova, E. Tregubova, D. Mokhov
Aim. Different sports have an ambiguous effect on joint mobility. This article deals with identifying the characteristics of limb joint mobility in skiers and skaters. Materials and methods. 46 athletes (27 skiers and 19 skaters) aged 18–24 participated in the study. All athletes had no complaints regarding their musculoskeletal system. The volume of movements in limb joints was measured with a goniometer. When measuring the angles of flexion and extension of the wrist, as well as plantar flexion and extension, the amplitude was estimated both in active and passive motion. The data obtained were processed with Statistica 10.0 application package and nonparametric statistical methods. Results. In all parameters of the wrist joint (except for passive flexion), statistically significant greater mobility was revealed in skiers (p < 0.0001). The amplitude of active knee flexion was prevalent in skaters (p < 0.0001). Plantar flexion / extension (both active and passive) was also higher in skaters (p < 0.0001) than in skiers. The function of the ankle joint in skaters bears the imprint of a stable motor specialization, which is manifested in the extremely high amplitude of foot extension. In both groups, the angle of wrist flexion, the angle of retraction in the hip joint and the angle of plantar flexion exceeded the norms. This is because these joints are the most used both in skiers and skaters. Conclusions. The features of joint mobility are associated with specific athletic shoes and locomotor specialization for skiers and skaters. Skiers demonstrate the increased mobility of wrist joints, while skaters possess the increased mobility of the knee and ankle.
{"title":"FEATURES OF JOINT MOBILITY IN SKIERS AND SKATERS","authors":"A. Postnikova, Y. Potekhina, A. Kurnikova, E. Tregubova, D. Mokhov","doi":"10.14529/HSM190104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190104","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Different sports have an ambiguous effect on joint mobility. This article deals with identifying the characteristics of limb joint mobility in skiers and skaters. Materials and methods. 46 athletes (27 skiers and 19 skaters) aged 18–24 participated in the study. All athletes had no complaints regarding their musculoskeletal system. The volume of movements in limb joints was measured with a goniometer. When measuring the angles of flexion and extension of the wrist, as well as plantar flexion and extension, the amplitude was estimated both in active and passive motion. The data obtained were processed with Statistica 10.0 application package and nonparametric statistical methods. Results. In all parameters of the wrist joint (except for passive flexion), statistically significant greater mobility was revealed in skiers (p < 0.0001). The amplitude of active knee flexion was prevalent in skaters (p < 0.0001). Plantar flexion / extension (both active and passive) was also higher in skaters (p < 0.0001) than in skiers. The function of the ankle joint in skaters bears the imprint of a stable motor specialization, which is manifested in the extremely high amplitude of foot extension. In both groups, the angle of wrist flexion, the angle of retraction in the hip joint and the angle of plantar flexion exceeded the norms. This is because these joints are the most used both in skiers and skaters. Conclusions. The features of joint mobility are associated with specific athletic shoes and locomotor specialization for skiers and skaters. Skiers demonstrate the increased mobility of wrist joints, while skaters possess the increased mobility of the knee and ankle.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75698272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. The article deals with establishing the efficiency of applying control and measuring indexes at Physical Education classes (physical development indexes, heart rate variability) as factors of health development and academic performance assessment. Materials and methods. We examined 20 fifth-grade male pupils (n = 20) from school No 90 (Togliatti), who formed the basic experimental group and followed a correction and development program. We also examined pupils of the same gender, age, and number at school No 91 (Togliatti) to form the control group with a standard school program. The following methods of diagnostics were used: a computer program ‘Express Assessment of Pupils’ Physical Health’ and heart rate variability assessment by means of Varicard 2.51 hardware and software complex. Results. The article provides the experimental justification of using the dynamics of functional indicators (physical development indexes, heart rate variability) as control and measuring indexes at Physical Education classes. We established that at the initial stage of the pedagogical experiment there were no significant differences between the indicators of physical health in the experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, after lessons, including the selection of correction and development exercises depending on physical development indexes and heart rate variability, we registered a significant improvement of the parameters studied. In the control group, there were no significant changes in physical development or health status. Therefore, physiological markers provide a maximal objectivation of physical development, health, and academic progress assessment in pupils at PE lessons. Conclusion. Measuring physical development and health indexes in screening mode allows: 1) to perform a dynamic control of children ontogenesis, 2) to detect and promptly prevent dysontogenesis, 3) to prevent schoolchildren’s disadaptation after overloads.
{"title":"THE NEW PHYSICAL EDUCATION AT SCHOOL: CORRECTIONAL AND HEALTH-IMPROVING USAGE OF STUDENTS’ PHYSIOLOGICAL INDEXES AS MARKERS OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH DISORDERS","authors":"V. Gorelik, C. Filippova","doi":"10.14529/hsm190106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190106","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with establishing the efficiency of applying control and measuring indexes at Physical Education classes (physical development indexes, heart rate variability) as factors of health development and academic performance assessment. Materials and methods. We examined 20 fifth-grade male pupils (n = 20) from school No 90 (Togliatti), who formed the basic experimental group and followed a correction and development program. We also examined pupils of the same gender, age, and number at school No 91 (Togliatti) to form the control group with a standard school program. The following methods of diagnostics were used: a computer program ‘Express Assessment of Pupils’ Physical Health’ and heart rate variability assessment by means of Varicard 2.51 hardware and software complex. Results. The article provides the experimental justification of using the dynamics of functional indicators (physical development indexes, heart rate variability) as control and measuring indexes at Physical Education classes. We established that at the initial stage of the pedagogical experiment there were no significant differences between the indicators of physical health in the experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, after lessons, including the selection of correction and development exercises depending on physical development indexes and heart rate variability, we registered a significant improvement of the parameters studied. In the control group, there were no significant changes in physical development or health status. Therefore, physiological markers provide a maximal objectivation of physical development, health, and academic progress assessment in pupils at PE lessons. Conclusion. Measuring physical development and health indexes in screening mode allows: 1) to perform a dynamic control of children ontogenesis, 2) to detect and promptly prevent dysontogenesis, 3) to prevent schoolchildren’s disadaptation after overloads.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79554311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. The article deals with comparing the data obtained from exercise load tests by using various ergometers. Materials and methods. Twenty professional athletes (15 triathletes and 5 ski-racers) aged 14–38 participated in the test performed with the help of the cycle ergometer, treadmill, and Thorax Trainer ski machine. The experiment took place at the premises of UrFU sports research laboratory (Yekaterinburg, Russia). Cycle ergometer and treadmill tests were conducted with a maximal RAMP protocol and a system for exercise testing (Schiller). A high-intensity interval test was conducted with the help of Thorax Trainer ski machine. All tests were performed with the analysis of gas exchange and heart rate. Results. It was established that there were no significant differences in the reaction of the cardiorespiratory system to load when comparing the data from cycle ergometer and treadmill tests as well as cycle ergometer and ski machine tests. In particular, we found no significant differences in the values of maximum oxygen consumption, ventilation, maximum HR, HR at aerobic and anaerobic thresholds, and HR during recovery after the test. Conclusion. Cycle ergometer test with a maximal RAMP protocol is the most informative and universal method for the aerobic testing of functional capacity in professional athletes
{"title":"EXERCISE TESTING OF PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES: SPECIFIC OR UNIVERSAL?","authors":"K. Mekhdieva, A. Zakharova","doi":"10.14529/hsm190103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190103","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with comparing the data obtained from exercise load tests by using various ergometers. Materials and methods. Twenty professional athletes (15 triathletes and 5 ski-racers) aged 14–38 participated in the test performed with the help of the cycle ergometer, treadmill, and Thorax Trainer ski machine. The experiment took place at the premises of UrFU sports research laboratory (Yekaterinburg, Russia). Cycle ergometer and treadmill tests were conducted with a maximal RAMP protocol and a system for exercise testing (Schiller). A high-intensity interval test was conducted with the help of Thorax Trainer ski machine. All tests were performed with the analysis of gas exchange and heart rate. Results. It was established that there were no significant differences in the reaction of the cardiorespiratory system to load when comparing the data from cycle ergometer and treadmill tests as well as cycle ergometer and ski machine tests. In particular, we found no significant differences in the values of maximum oxygen consumption, ventilation, maximum HR, HR at aerobic and anaerobic thresholds, and HR during recovery after the test. Conclusion. Cycle ergometer test with a maximal RAMP protocol is the most informative and universal method for the aerobic testing of functional capacity in professional athletes","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87529095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Alexandrova, L. Petrov, R. Makaveev, E. Tsvetanova, A. Georgieva, S. Kolimechkov
Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the erythrocyte oxidative status of the wrestlers after performing the maximal aerobic test, by registering in erythrocytes the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), total glutathione (tGSH) and activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Materials and methods. A group of 12 healthy wrestlers conducted a treadmill maximal aerobic test, and venous blood samples were obtained before and immediately after the exercise. Erythrocytes were separated from plasma and used for spectrophotometric determination of LPO, tGSH and enzyme activities. Plasma was used for determination of hemoglobin concentration (Hb) as an index of hemolysis. Results. The performance of the maximal aerobic test resulted in a significant increase of Hb in blood plasma, a decrease of LPO, and no changes of the tGSH level in erythrocytes. In regards to antioxidant enzymes, our results showed an increase in the activity of GPx, while the CAT and SOD activity remain unchanged. Conclusions. It can be concluded that in active athletes, predominate erythrocytes that are more resistant to oxidative stress, because of the accelerated hemolysis induced by physical exercise, lead to the elimination of the old and oxidative modified cells.
{"title":"ERYTHROCYTE OXIDATIVE STATUS AFTER MAXIMAL AEROBIC TEST IN WRESTLERS","authors":"A. Alexandrova, L. Petrov, R. Makaveev, E. Tsvetanova, A. Georgieva, S. Kolimechkov","doi":"10.14529/HSM190102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190102","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the erythrocyte oxidative status of the wrestlers after performing the maximal aerobic test, by registering in erythrocytes the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), total glutathione (tGSH) and activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Materials and methods. A group of 12 healthy wrestlers conducted a treadmill maximal aerobic test, and venous blood samples were obtained before and immediately after the exercise. Erythrocytes were separated from plasma and used for spectrophotometric determination of LPO, tGSH and enzyme activities. Plasma was used for determination of hemoglobin concentration (Hb) as an index of hemolysis. Results. The performance of the maximal aerobic test resulted in a significant increase of Hb in blood plasma, a decrease of LPO, and no changes of the tGSH level in erythrocytes. In regards to antioxidant enzymes, our results showed an increase in the activity of GPx, while the CAT and SOD activity remain unchanged. Conclusions. It can be concluded that in active athletes, predominate erythrocytes that are more resistant to oxidative stress, because of the accelerated hemolysis induced by physical exercise, lead to the elimination of the old and oxidative modified cells.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"258 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73482684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To investigate the effects of a 6-week of controlled exercise program followed by a semi-controlled dietary regimen on indicators of body fat mass (BF) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) of adults. Materials and methods. The sample consisted of 28 particpants with the main characteristics of the sample being: age = 29.70 ± 8.35 years, body height (BH) = 177.35 ± 9.36 cm, and body mass (BM) = 105.20 ± 27.06 kg. Body composition parameters, BM, body fat mass (BF), trunk fat (TF), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), percent of body fat (PBF), percent of skeletal muscle mass (PSMM), body mass index (BMI), and index of hypokinesia (IH) were collected before and after six weeks of exercise program and semi-controlled diet regimen. A Paired sample T-test and effect size (ES) were used to determine the effects and their magnitude of the treatment applied. Results. A 6-week treatment significantly affected investigated variables, wherein BF (–6.75 kg, p < 0.001), TF (–3.28 kg, p < 0.001), and SMM (–0.91 kg, p = 0.003) tissue decreased in a different degree, leading to a small but highly significant increase in PSMM (2.60 %, p < 0.001). A decrease in BF and SMM resulted in a significant reduction in BMI, while IH decreased in a smaller degree than BMI because PBF and PSMM changed inversely. Conclusion. Six weeks of a controlled exercise program 3 times/week and semi-controlled diet is an effective approach to the reduction of BM, BF, and TF and to increasing the movement potential by changing the proportions of PBF and PSMM.
的目标。研究6周的控制运动计划和半控制饮食方案对成人体脂量(BF)和骨骼肌量(SMM)指标的影响。材料和方法。样本共28例，主要特征为年龄= 29.70±8.35岁，身高(BH) = 177.35±9.36 cm，体重(BM) = 105.20±27.06 kg。收集运动计划和半控制饮食方案前后6周的身体组成参数:BM、体脂量(BF)、躯干脂肪量(TF)、骨骼肌量(SMM)、体脂百分比(PBF)、骨骼肌质量百分比(PSMM)、身体质量指数(BMI)和运动障碍指数(IH)。使用配对样本t检验和效应大小(ES)来确定所应用治疗的效果及其大小。结果。6周的治疗显著影响了所研究的变量，其中BF (-6.75 kg, p < 0.001)、TF (-3.28 kg, p < 0.001)和SMM (-0.91 kg, p = 0.003)组织都有不同程度的下降，导致PSMM (2.60%， p < 0.001)的小幅但非常显著的增加。BF和SMM的下降导致BMI的显著下降，而IH的下降程度小于BMI，因为PBF和PSMM呈反比变化。结论。6周的控制运动计划(3次/周)和半控制饮食是一种有效的方法，可以减少BM, BF和TF，并通过改变PBF和PSMM的比例来增加运动潜力。
{"title":"EFFECTS OF A 6-WEEK CONTROLED EXERCISE PROGRAM AND SEMI-CONTROLED DIET ON BODY FAT AND SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS IN ADULTS","authors":"Filip Kukić, N. Todorović, Nenad Cvijanović","doi":"10.14529/HSM190101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190101","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To investigate the effects of a 6-week of controlled exercise program followed by a semi-controlled dietary regimen on indicators of body fat mass (BF) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) of adults. Materials and methods. The sample consisted of 28 particpants with the main characteristics of the sample being: age = 29.70 ± 8.35 years, body height (BH) = 177.35 ± 9.36 cm, and body mass (BM) = 105.20 ± 27.06 kg. Body composition parameters, BM, body fat mass (BF), trunk fat (TF), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), percent of body fat (PBF), percent of skeletal muscle mass (PSMM), body mass index (BMI), and index of hypokinesia (IH) were collected before and after six weeks of exercise program and semi-controlled diet regimen. A Paired sample T-test and effect size (ES) were used to determine the effects and their magnitude of the treatment applied. Results. A 6-week treatment significantly affected investigated variables, wherein BF (–6.75 kg, p < 0.001), TF (–3.28 kg, p < 0.001), and SMM (–0.91 kg, p = 0.003) tissue decreased in a different degree, leading to a small but highly significant increase in PSMM (2.60 %, p < 0.001). A decrease in BF and SMM resulted in a significant reduction in BMI, while IH decreased in a smaller degree than BMI because PBF and PSMM changed inversely. Conclusion. Six weeks of a controlled exercise program 3 times/week and semi-controlled diet is an effective approach to the reduction of BM, BF, and TF and to increasing the movement potential by changing the proportions of PBF and PSMM.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76723917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Latkov, A. Vekovtsev, D. Nikityuk, V. Poznyakovsky
Aim. The article deals with designing and establishing the quality, efficiency, and functional activity of a specialized product for sports nutrition. Materials and methods. To design the specialized product, we used raw materials of synergetic antioxidant properties, semi-finished products, and ‘Memory rise Sport’ biologically active additive (BAA). To assess the efficiency and functional activity of the product, professional biathlon athletes aged 22 and 25 ± 3.2 participated in the study. The experience of athletes is about 10 ± 1.4 years. We used both standard and special methods of the study, including mathematical processing of the data obtained. Results. We managed to justify a receipt of the new specialized product with antioxidant properties. We conducted experiments to establish the efficiency of this product by adding it into a diet of professional biathlon athletes together with Discovery BAA (2 pills per day, 20 days). The results of physical performance test revealed an increase in oxygen consumption and exercise power while HR values remained unchanged (p &< 0.05). A psychomotor potential of BAA was characterized by the significant increase of eye-motor coordination and regulation of the space parameters of movements in comparison with the control group of athletes. We studied the mechanisms of the effect of product components and their active substances on the formation and realization of cell antioxidant pool. Conclusion. The results obtained prove the efficiency of using the abovementioned product together with Discovery BAA to improve functional abilities, demonstrate better results, and improve health during the training cycle.
{"title":"SPECIALIZED PRODUCT OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY FOR SPORTS NUTRITION","authors":"N. Latkov, A. Vekovtsev, D. Nikityuk, V. Poznyakovsky","doi":"10.14529/HSM18S18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM18S18","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with designing and establishing the quality, efficiency, and functional activity of a specialized product for sports nutrition. Materials and methods. To design the specialized product, we used raw materials of synergetic antioxidant properties, semi-finished products, and ‘Memory rise Sport’ biologically active additive (BAA). To assess the efficiency and functional activity of the product, professional biathlon athletes aged 22 and 25 ± 3.2 participated in the study. The experience of athletes is about 10 ± 1.4 years. We used both standard and special methods of the study, including mathematical processing of the data obtained. Results. We managed to justify a receipt of the new specialized product with antioxidant properties. We conducted experiments to establish the efficiency of this product by adding it into a diet of professional biathlon athletes together with Discovery BAA (2 pills per day, 20 days). The results of physical performance test revealed an increase in oxygen consumption and exercise power while HR values remained unchanged (p &< 0.05). A psychomotor potential of BAA was characterized by the significant increase of eye-motor coordination and regulation of the space parameters of movements in comparison with the control group of athletes. We studied the mechanisms of the effect of product components and their active substances on the formation and realization of cell antioxidant pool. Conclusion. The results obtained prove the efficiency of using the abovementioned product together with Discovery BAA to improve functional abilities, demonstrate better results, and improve health during the training cycle.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83003631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. The article deals with developing the method for teaching young boxers the technique of changing movement direction keeping the fighting stance aimed at the opponent. Materials and methods. We examined 32 boys aged 12–13 in their first year in boxing. We simulated the most effective ways of exercise performance. Experts assessed the technique of sidestep movement from the initial fighting stance using a 5-point scale and calculated the integral coordination indicator (ICI) in accordance with the method of Bulkin, Popova, and Saburova. All participants were divided into the control and experimental groups. The control group continued to follow traditional training methods, the experimental group followed the program developed by the authors. The initial data did not demonstrate significant difference. The second test was performed in 9 months. Results. In boxing, the stance should be maintained during the whole fight. While moving around the ring, legs should not be put together, put in a line or crossed. The first step is to be done with the leg, which is closer to movement direction. During the final test, the results in the experimental and control groups have improved significantly in comparison with initial values. However, the results of boxers from the experimental group were significantly higher than those of boxers from the control group (U = 1.5) (р ? 0.01). The final data for the integral coordination indicator prove that in the experimental group the results have significantly improved in comparison with the initial data. In the control group, the indicators obtained have not significantly changed. There are indicators, which belong to the group of a very good result (25 % in the control group, 75 % in the experimental group). Conclusion. The experimental method for teaching young boxers the technique of moving around the ring taking into account the asymmetry of the stance is significantly more effective in comparison with traditional methods. This method is easy to use, it allows the athlete to quickly change movement direction and preserve an optimal initial position. Consistent steps and substantial bearing area facilitate both punches and defense. This allows the stance to be dynamic.
{"title":"TECHNIQUE FOR YOUNG ATHLETES FOR CHANGING MOVEMENT DIRECTION KEEPING THE FIGHTING STANCE AIMED AT THE OPPONENT","authors":"V. Oskolkov, S. Sergeev","doi":"10.14529/hsm18s15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm18s15","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with developing the method for teaching young boxers the technique of changing movement direction keeping the fighting stance aimed at the opponent. Materials and methods. We examined 32 boys aged 12–13 in their first year in boxing. We simulated the most effective ways of exercise performance. Experts assessed the technique of sidestep movement from the initial fighting stance using a 5-point scale and calculated the integral coordination indicator (ICI) in accordance with the method of Bulkin, Popova, and Saburova. All participants were divided into the control and experimental groups. The control group continued to follow traditional training methods, the experimental group followed the program developed by the authors. The initial data did not demonstrate significant difference. The second test was performed in 9 months. Results. In boxing, the stance should be maintained during the whole fight. While moving around the ring, legs should not be put together, put in a line or crossed. The first step is to be done with the leg, which is closer to movement direction. During the final test, the results in the experimental and control groups have improved significantly in comparison with initial values. However, the results of boxers from the experimental group were significantly higher than those of boxers from the control group (U = 1.5) (р ? 0.01). The final data for the integral coordination indicator prove that in the experimental group the results have significantly improved in comparison with the initial data. In the control group, the indicators obtained have not significantly changed. There are indicators, which belong to the group of a very good result (25 % in the control group, 75 % in the experimental group). Conclusion. The experimental method for teaching young boxers the technique of moving around the ring taking into account the asymmetry of the stance is significantly more effective in comparison with traditional methods. This method is easy to use, it allows the athlete to quickly change movement direction and preserve an optimal initial position. Consistent steps and substantial bearing area facilitate both punches and defense. This allows the stance to be dynamic.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87580879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
engaged in physical education lessons in a special medical group (SMG). The experimental group consisted of 76 students with cardiovascular disorders. The control group included 48 apparently healthy students practicing physical education in the general group. We assessed adaptation abilities with the help of salivary cortisol, maximum oxygen consumption, adaptation potential of the circulatory system, and individual minute. Results. We revealed a tendency towards health deterioration and pathology acquisition during the study at university. We established the groups of the most frequent disorders, including the disorders of the cardiovascular system, which predominantly occur in girls. As a result of the study, we revealed that female students with cardiovascular disorders were to a greater extent subjected to external stress factors and demonstrated a significant increase (P < 0.01) in cortisol (189 ± 5.21) in comparison to apparently healthy students (159.64 ± 8.21). Conclusions. All the groups examined demonstrated deterioration of the leading adaptation systems during the study at University. The most pronounced changes were registered in maximum oxygen consumption and adaptation potential of the circulatory system in female students with cardiovascular disorders.
{"title":"ADAPTATION ABILITIES IN FEMALE STUDENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS","authors":"E. Milashechkina, T. Dzhandarova, E. Kunitsina","doi":"10.14529/HSM180418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM180418","url":null,"abstract":"engaged in physical education lessons in a special medical group (SMG). The experimental group consisted of 76 students with cardiovascular disorders. The control group included 48 apparently healthy students practicing physical education in the general group. We assessed adaptation abilities with the help of salivary cortisol, maximum oxygen consumption, adaptation potential of the circulatory system, and individual minute. Results. We revealed a tendency towards health deterioration and pathology acquisition during the study at university. We established the groups of the most frequent disorders, including the disorders of the cardiovascular system, which predominantly occur in girls. As a result of the study, we revealed that female students with cardiovascular disorders were to a greater extent subjected to external stress factors and demonstrated a significant increase (P < 0.01) in cortisol (189 ± 5.21) in comparison to apparently healthy students (159.64 ± 8.21). Conclusions. All the groups examined demonstrated deterioration of the leading adaptation systems during the study at University. The most pronounced changes were registered in maximum oxygen consumption and adaptation potential of the circulatory system in female students with cardiovascular disorders.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80583331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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