Aim. The article deals with the development of methods and software for the analysis of the running pattern in long-distance runners using smart insoles to prevent the development of athlete’s injuries. Materials and Methods. Insoles with embedded pressure sensors, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and a specially designed software for analyzing the pattern of running and pressure distribution in the foot. Results. The technique of diagnostics and analysis of the running pattern, which allows preventing the development of tendon inflammation, Morton neuroma, and plantar fasciitis, is presented. Conclusion. The technique and the software developed allow to analyze the patterns of running in stayers, diagnose, and prevent the development of injuries
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF GAIT DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY FOR LONG-DISTANCE RUNNERS VIA SMART INSOLES","authors":"I. Tetin, E. Antonenko","doi":"10.14529/HSM190218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190218","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with the development of methods and software for the analysis of the running pattern in long-distance runners using smart insoles to prevent the development of athlete’s injuries. Materials and Methods. Insoles with embedded pressure sensors, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and a specially designed software for analyzing the pattern of running and pressure distribution in the foot. Results. The technique of diagnostics and analysis of the running pattern, which allows preventing the development of tendon inflammation, Morton neuroma, and plantar fasciitis, is presented. Conclusion. The technique and the software developed allow to analyze the patterns of running in stayers, diagnose, and prevent the development of injuries","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80088020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Grebenyuk, A. Griaznykh, R. Kuchin, D. Koryukin
Aim. The article deals with the study of lower limb skin elasticity, acoustic anisotropy, and structure in response to its prolonged stretching in people with inborn limb shortening and highly-skilled Greco-Roman wrestlers. Materials and methods. The study involved people with inborn limb shortening aged 7–35 years (1st group), highly skilled Greco-Roman wrestlers (2nd group), and their peers not engaged in the sport (3rd group). We assessed the elasticity and thickness of shin skin during distraction and after treatment. The effect of leg position on the acoustic anisotropy of the skin was studied by using the ASA acoustic analyser. Skin structure was studied non-invasively by using medical ultrasound. Results. We established age-related dependency of skin elasticity in the affected shin: before distraction, this parameter achieved its maximum of 2.1 % in the first group in participants aged 12–14 years. After treatment maximum values were revealed in participants aged 7–8 years. Distraction resulted in the expected decrease in elasticity. In the group of teenagers, elasticity decreased by 11.1 times by the 45th day of distraction and was equal 0.02 ± 0.01 %. In adults, distraction was equal 0.10 ± 0.06 % by the 60th day. The approximation of this parameter for shin skin depending on age is described by a polynomial equation and, after equalizing the length of the lower limbs, by a linear equation. According to medical ultrasound data, skin thickness in the lengthened shin increased significantly at all stages of treatment. The increase in skin thickness was registered in wrestlers compared to non-athletes. Conclusion. Mechanical impact (distraction) and physical stress (regular sports activity) provoke the structural and functional adaptation of lower limb skin. Position change results in the transformation of acoustic anisotropy.
{"title":"PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SKIN COVER AS ADAPTATION IN RESPONSE TO VARIOUS FACTORS","authors":"L. Grebenyuk, A. Griaznykh, R. Kuchin, D. Koryukin","doi":"10.14529/HSM190215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190215","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with the study of lower limb skin elasticity, acoustic anisotropy, and structure in response to its prolonged stretching in people with inborn limb shortening and highly-skilled Greco-Roman wrestlers. Materials and methods. The study involved people with inborn limb shortening aged 7–35 years (1st group), highly skilled Greco-Roman wrestlers (2nd group), and their peers not engaged in the sport (3rd group). We assessed the elasticity and thickness of shin skin during distraction and after treatment. The effect of leg position on the acoustic anisotropy of the skin was studied by using the ASA acoustic analyser. Skin structure was studied non-invasively by using medical ultrasound. Results. We established age-related dependency of skin elasticity in the affected shin: before distraction, this parameter achieved its maximum of 2.1 % in the first group in participants aged 12–14 years. After treatment maximum values were revealed in participants aged 7–8 years. Distraction resulted in the expected decrease in elasticity. In the group of teenagers, elasticity decreased by 11.1 times by the 45th day of distraction and was equal 0.02 ± 0.01 %. In adults, distraction was equal 0.10 ± 0.06 % by the 60th day. The approximation of this parameter for shin skin depending on age is described by a polynomial equation and, after equalizing the length of the lower limbs, by a linear equation. According to medical ultrasound data, skin thickness in the lengthened shin increased significantly at all stages of treatment. The increase in skin thickness was registered in wrestlers compared to non-athletes. Conclusion. Mechanical impact (distraction) and physical stress (regular sports activity) provoke the structural and functional adaptation of lower limb skin. Position change results in the transformation of acoustic anisotropy.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"2020 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79224592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. The article deals with developing the scheme of differentiating means for the development of special physical qualities in sambo wrestlers. Materials and Methods. We studied a differentiated development of special physical qualities in sambo wrestlers. During the study, we used the following methods: the analysis of scientific and methodical literature, generalization of practical experience, pedagogical monitoring, pedagogical experiment, somatotyping, pedagogical control tests, statistical processing of the results obtained. We conducted a series of searching experiments with 48 (16 – microsomal, 16 – mesosomal, 16 – macrosomal) sambo wrestlers from the youth team of the Perm regional Federation of sports and combat Sambo. Results. The analysis of the data obtained proves the necessity of developing an experimental scheme for differentiating means for the development of special physical qualities in sambo wrestlers depending on their somatotype. Conclusion. High-performance results require constant improvement of the training system for sambo wrestlers. Taking into account morphological features while differentiating means for the development of special physical qualities in sambo wrestlers positively influences their performance.
{"title":"DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL PHYSICAL QUALITIES IN SAMBO WRESTLERS","authors":"E. Koshkin, A. Mikhaĭlov, M. Nokhrin, A. Smirnov","doi":"10.14529/HSM190217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190217","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with developing the scheme of differentiating means for the development of special physical qualities in sambo wrestlers. Materials and Methods. We studied a differentiated development of special physical qualities in sambo wrestlers. During the study, we used the following methods: the analysis of scientific and methodical literature, generalization of practical experience, pedagogical monitoring, pedagogical experiment, somatotyping, pedagogical control tests, statistical processing of the results obtained. We conducted a series of searching experiments with 48 (16 – microsomal, 16 – mesosomal, 16 – macrosomal) sambo wrestlers from the youth team of the Perm regional Federation of sports and combat Sambo. Results. The analysis of the data obtained proves the necessity of developing an experimental scheme for differentiating means for the development of special physical qualities in sambo wrestlers depending on their somatotype. Conclusion. High-performance results require constant improvement of the training system for sambo wrestlers. Taking into account morphological features while differentiating means for the development of special physical qualities in sambo wrestlers positively influences their performance.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84591915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Kapilevich, E. Medvedeva, E. Baranova, Yu. P. Bredikhina, K Davletyarova
Aim. The article deals with establishing the effect of training with feedback on static and dynamic balance in students with health limitations. Materials and methods. We examined 27 students with health limitations – 17 students with musculoskeletal disorders and 10 students with pronounced myopia. For 10 days, students had 20-minute physical activity using training equipment with feedback. In students with health limitations, we performed the analysis of static and dynamic balance before and after training with feedback. Results. It is established that training with feedback improved static and dynamic balance in students with health limitations. This tendency is manifested in reducing the variance of body position average values in sagittal and frontal planes, reducing the area of the ellipse, its width and length. The majority of changes are typical for the sagittal plane. The role of the vestibular analyser increases, while the dependence between balance and the visual analyser decreases. The effect of training with feedback is most pronounced in students with visual impairments. Conclusion. Training with feedback improves static and dynamic balance, increases the role of the vestibular analyser, and reduces the dependence between balance and the visual analyser in students with health limitations.
{"title":"EFFECT OF TRAINING WITH FEEDBACK ON STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCE IN STUDENTS WITH HEALTH LIMITATIONS","authors":"L. Kapilevich, E. Medvedeva, E. Baranova, Yu. P. Bredikhina, K Davletyarova","doi":"10.14529/HSM190216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190216","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with establishing the effect of training with feedback on static and dynamic balance in students with health limitations. Materials and methods. We examined 27 students with health limitations – 17 students with musculoskeletal disorders and 10 students with pronounced myopia. For 10 days, students had 20-minute physical activity using training equipment with feedback. In students with health limitations, we performed the analysis of static and dynamic balance before and after training with feedback. Results. It is established that training with feedback improved static and dynamic balance in students with health limitations. This tendency is manifested in reducing the variance of body position average values in sagittal and frontal planes, reducing the area of the ellipse, its width and length. The majority of changes are typical for the sagittal plane. The role of the vestibular analyser increases, while the dependence between balance and the visual analyser decreases. The effect of training with feedback is most pronounced in students with visual impairments. Conclusion. Training with feedback improves static and dynamic balance, increases the role of the vestibular analyser, and reduces the dependence between balance and the visual analyser in students with health limitations.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84223835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. The article deals with studying the opinion of rowing coaches and rowing federation representatives about the reasons for performance worsening in Russian athletes and establishing the practice of physical training in rowers at different stages of the macrocycle. Materials and Methods. We conducted an opinion poll and developed a questionnaire with 14 questions and 55 sub-questions of open, closed and semi-closed types. 42 rowing coaches aged 28–73 with an average teaching experience of 22.5 years participated in this poll. We also had an interview with a consulting coach of FISA – G. Postiglione. Results. Among the reasons of performance worsening in highly-skilled Russian rowers, the respondents emphasized the following: the absence of a unified scientifically justified training system, a lack of coaches and experts with a comprehensive set of tools for performance enhancement. 38.2% of respondents prefer to pay more attention to physical training only in the preparatory stage; 28.5% prefer to do this during the whole one-year macrocycle; 23.8% – during the preparatory and post-season stages, and 9.5% – during the preparatory and competitive stages. Conclusion. We revealed the reasons for performance worsening in Russian rowers using the data obtained from coaches and managers of various levels; explored the experience of physical training in rowers at different stages of the macrocycle; established the preferences of coaches with various teaching experience in relation to training resources; established the features of training management at different stages of the macrocycle.
{"title":"COACHES’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS PLANNING AND ORGANIZING PHYSICAL TRAINING IN ROWERS","authors":"F. Zotova, D. Mingazova, A. Manina","doi":"10.14529/HSM190212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190212","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with studying the opinion of rowing coaches and rowing federation representatives about the reasons for performance worsening in Russian athletes and establishing the practice of physical training in rowers at different stages of the macrocycle. Materials and Methods. We conducted an opinion poll and developed a questionnaire with 14 questions and 55 sub-questions of open, closed and semi-closed types. 42 rowing coaches aged 28–73 with an average teaching experience of 22.5 years participated in this poll. We also had an interview with a consulting coach of FISA – G. Postiglione. Results. Among the reasons of performance worsening in highly-skilled Russian rowers, the respondents emphasized the following: the absence of a unified scientifically justified training system, a lack of coaches and experts with a comprehensive set of tools for performance enhancement. 38.2% of respondents prefer to pay more attention to physical training only in the preparatory stage; 28.5% prefer to do this during the whole one-year macrocycle; 23.8% – during the preparatory and post-season stages, and 9.5% – during the preparatory and competitive stages. Conclusion. We revealed the reasons for performance worsening in Russian rowers using the data obtained from coaches and managers of various levels; explored the experience of physical training in rowers at different stages of the macrocycle; established the preferences of coaches with various teaching experience in relation to training resources; established the features of training management at different stages of the macrocycle.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89875609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. The article deals with compensating the disturbances of dynamic praxis and intermuscular coordination in preschool children using physical exercises and kinesio taping. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the premises of the preschool educational establishment No 122 (Cherepovets). We studied dynamic praxis and intermuscular coordination in 18 preschool children aged 5–7 years with foot defects. In 9 children from group A, shoulder girdle muscles were treated with tapes for 4 months. In children from group B, rehabilitation involved both kinesio taping and specially selected physical exercises. Taping of each child was performed individually depending on a child’s health status (four 3-week series, 4 months, Rocktape). The significance of differences was assessed by using the sign test and Fisher’s angular transformation criterion. Results. It was established that in children with foot defects there were secondary disturbances in the performance of shoulder girdle muscles. The treatment of dynamic praxis is provided by means of 1-month kinesiotherapy. Treating secondary disturbances requires four taping series during 4 months. The correction of intermuscular coordination should be accompanied by both physical exercises and kinesio taping. Conclusion. Primary disturbances are usually obvious, and rehabilitation is mostly aimed at their correction and compensation. However, our study proves that there is a necessity to develop kinesiology in preschool educational establishments as secondary disturbances often remain without appropriate treatment.
{"title":"CORRECTION OF SECONDARY DISTURBANCES IN CHILDREN WITH FOOT DEFECTS THROUGH KINESIO TAPING","authors":"V. Vorobiev, A. Ivanov","doi":"10.14529/HSM190214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190214","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with compensating the disturbances of dynamic praxis and intermuscular coordination in preschool children using physical exercises and kinesio taping. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the premises of the preschool educational establishment No 122 (Cherepovets). We studied dynamic praxis and intermuscular coordination in 18 preschool children aged 5–7 years with foot defects. In 9 children from group A, shoulder girdle muscles were treated with tapes for 4 months. In children from group B, rehabilitation involved both kinesio taping and specially selected physical exercises. Taping of each child was performed individually depending on a child’s health status (four 3-week series, 4 months, Rocktape). The significance of differences was assessed by using the sign test and Fisher’s angular transformation criterion. Results. It was established that in children with foot defects there were secondary disturbances in the performance of shoulder girdle muscles. The treatment of dynamic praxis is provided by means of 1-month kinesiotherapy. Treating secondary disturbances requires four taping series during 4 months. The correction of intermuscular coordination should be accompanied by both physical exercises and kinesio taping. Conclusion. Primary disturbances are usually obvious, and rehabilitation is mostly aimed at their correction and compensation. However, our study proves that there is a necessity to develop kinesiology in preschool educational establishments as secondary disturbances often remain without appropriate treatment.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86691561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. The article deals with developing software to simulate the motion of an object with the given parameters of initial and final phase status. Materials and methods. A motion error in sports exercise is the result of kinematic deviation from the parameters of a given motion program. The mathematical apparatus of adaptive control allows neutralizing motion mistakes between a program and a real trajectory. It is based on utilising the information about current parameters of a phase status of a moving object in a mathematical structure of the control function. The article proposes and experimentally proves the hypothesis about the computer synthesis of motions in biomechanical systems based on the mathematical apparatus of adaptive control. In the computational experiments, a mathematical description of an object is based on a well-established law of open-time approximation (A.P. Batenko, 1977), which requires that both velocity and coordinates simultaneously take the given values. Motion time in this law is an uncontrolled parameter. The mathematical model of a moving object is built as a system of a first-order differential equation. Results. A mathematical model describing the motion of a material point with given phase coordinates at the initial and final points in time is implemented in a computer program. The program works based on the integrated development environment Visual Studio Express 2013 and the Visual Basic 2010 language environment. Conclusion. The developed computer model of adaptive control achieves the aim of any motion, which implies transferring an object from a given initial state to the required final state.
的目标。本文讨论了在给定初始和末相状态参数下，开发模拟物体运动的软件。材料和方法。在体育运动中，运动误差是由于运动偏离给定运动程序的参数而产生的。自适应控制的数学装置可以抵消程序和实际轨迹之间的运动误差。它基于在控制函数的数学结构中利用关于运动对象的相位状态的电流参数的信息。本文提出了基于自适应控制数学装置的生物力学系统运动计算机综合的假设，并通过实验证明了这一假设。在计算实验中，一个对象的数学描述是基于一个公认的开放时间近似定律(A.P. Batenko, 1977)，它要求速度和坐标同时取给定的值。在这个定律中，运动时间是一个不受控制的参数。将运动物体的数学模型建立为一阶微分方程系统。结果。在计算机程序中实现了描述具有给定相位坐标的质点在初始和最终时间点上的运动的数学模型。该程序是在Visual Studio Express 2013集成开发环境和Visual Basic 2010语言环境下完成的。结论。所开发的自适应控制计算机模型可以实现任何运动的目标，即将物体从给定的初始状态转移到所需的最终状态。
{"title":"ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR COMPENSATING MOTION ERROR IN THE ADAPTIVE MOTION CONTROL OF THE BIOMECHANICAL SYSTEM","authors":"V. Zagrevskiy, O. Zagrevskiy","doi":"10.14529/HSM190210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190210","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with developing software to simulate the motion of an object with the given parameters of initial and final phase status. Materials and methods. A motion error in sports exercise is the result of kinematic deviation from the parameters of a given motion program. The mathematical apparatus of adaptive control allows neutralizing motion mistakes between a program and a real trajectory. It is based on utilising the information about current parameters of a phase status of a moving object in a mathematical structure of the control function. The article proposes and experimentally proves the hypothesis about the computer synthesis of motions in biomechanical systems based on the mathematical apparatus of adaptive control. In the computational experiments, a mathematical description of an object is based on a well-established law of open-time approximation (A.P. Batenko, 1977), which requires that both velocity and coordinates simultaneously take the given values. Motion time in this law is an uncontrolled parameter. The mathematical model of a moving object is built as a system of a first-order differential equation. Results. A mathematical model describing the motion of a material point with given phase coordinates at the initial and final points in time is implemented in a computer program. The program works based on the integrated development environment Visual Studio Express 2013 and the Visual Basic 2010 language environment. Conclusion. The developed computer model of adaptive control achieves the aim of any motion, which implies transferring an object from a given initial state to the required final state.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76700161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Trembach, I. Fedorova, T. Ponomareva, E. Minikhanova, O. Popova
Aim. The article deals with the analysis of kinematic, dynamic, and electromyographic indicators in the selected periods and phases in athletes with musculoskeletal disorders. Materials and Methods. 24 highly-skilled and low-skilled athletes participated in the study. The bench press exercise was performed with the weight of 40, 80 and 90% of maximum weight. The analysis of dynamic indicators was conducted by using hardware and software complex in the area of the upper shoulder girdle and pelvis. Barbell trajectory, its speed, and acceleration were calculated with the help of video analysis. Electromyograms of symmetrical muscles were registered synchronously: M. pectoralis major, dexter et sinister; M. triceps brachii, dexter et sinister. Results. In highly-skilled athletes, barbell acceleration which followed after holding a barbell on the chest was accompanied by the increase of both speed and acceleration. During barbell deceleration, both speed and acceleration were negative and returned to initial values. In low-skilled athletes, the same indicators decreased significantly. Barbell acceleration corresponded with a maximum electrical activity of M. pectoralis major, dexter et sinister, while barbell deceleration coincided with M. triceps brachii, dexter et sinister. Conclusion. A comprehensive analysis of the bench press exercise indicators allows controlling and correcting sports technique.
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOMECHANICAL AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC INDICATORS DURING FUNCTIONALLY SIGNIFICANT TIME INTERVALS OF THE BENCH PRESS EXERCISE IN ATHLETES WITH MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS","authors":"A. Trembach, I. Fedorova, T. Ponomareva, E. Minikhanova, O. Popova","doi":"10.14529/HSM190213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190213","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with the analysis of kinematic, dynamic, and electromyographic indicators in the selected periods and phases in athletes with musculoskeletal disorders. Materials and Methods. 24 highly-skilled and low-skilled athletes participated in the study. The bench press exercise was performed with the weight of 40, 80 and 90% of maximum weight. The analysis of dynamic indicators was conducted by using hardware and software complex in the area of the upper shoulder girdle and pelvis. Barbell trajectory, its speed, and acceleration were calculated with the help of video analysis. Electromyograms of symmetrical muscles were registered synchronously: M. pectoralis major, dexter et sinister; M. triceps brachii, dexter et sinister. Results. In highly-skilled athletes, barbell acceleration which followed after holding a barbell on the chest was accompanied by the increase of both speed and acceleration. During barbell deceleration, both speed and acceleration were negative and returned to initial values. In low-skilled athletes, the same indicators decreased significantly. Barbell acceleration corresponded with a maximum electrical activity of M. pectoralis major, dexter et sinister, while barbell deceleration coincided with M. triceps brachii, dexter et sinister. Conclusion. A comprehensive analysis of the bench press exercise indicators allows controlling and correcting sports technique.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80635225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Viktorov, D. Sevostianov, V. Shklyaev, Y. Yarushev
Aim. The article deals with justifying the application of the method for improving prick accuracy in young fencers during their technical and tactical preparation. Materials and methods. 30 beginners in fencing aged 8-9 participated in the pedagogical experiment. The experiment consisted of recording video and making graphical notes about the preferable actions of each athlete. Using special protocols, we registered the data obtained from video recordings where the pricks were regarded as a result of the attack actions described with special symbols. Results. The attack and counter-attack actions registered in 2017–2018, as well as their efficiency, significantly increased. This proves the increased rationality of the actions for preparing attacks and counter-attacks as their efficiency increased with a minimum volume. We revealed that there were statistically significant changes (p < 0.05) in prick accuracy. The initial average and low levels of prick efficiency turned into above average and high levels after the experiment. Conclusion. The tests demonstrated that prick performance, as a three-stage system of movements (start, hit the target, finish) for the direct defeat of a rival with the help of parrying and lunging, allows improving the efficiency of attacks in young fencers.
{"title":"METHOD FOR IMPROVING PRICK ACCURACY IN YOUNG FENCERS","authors":"D. Viktorov, D. Sevostianov, V. Shklyaev, Y. Yarushev","doi":"10.14529/HSM190211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190211","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with justifying the application of the method for improving prick accuracy in young fencers during their technical and tactical preparation. Materials and methods. 30 beginners in fencing aged 8-9 participated in the pedagogical experiment. The experiment consisted of recording video and making graphical notes about the preferable actions of each athlete. Using special protocols, we registered the data obtained from video recordings where the pricks were regarded as a result of the attack actions described with special symbols. Results. The attack and counter-attack actions registered in 2017–2018, as well as their efficiency, significantly increased. This proves the increased rationality of the actions for preparing attacks and counter-attacks as their efficiency increased with a minimum volume. We revealed that there were statistically significant changes (p < 0.05) in prick accuracy. The initial average and low levels of prick efficiency turned into above average and high levels after the experiment. Conclusion. The tests demonstrated that prick performance, as a three-stage system of movements (start, hit the target, finish) for the direct defeat of a rival with the help of parrying and lunging, allows improving the efficiency of attacks in young fencers.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78728500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. The article deals with studying the dynamics of stabilometric parameters during head turns in college students involved in symmetrical sports. Materials and methods. Third-year college students (n = 24) involved in symmetrical sports (volleyball, basketball, rowing, swimming) participated in the study. The average age is 18.2 years. The study of stabilometric parameters was carried out following the procedure of the “Head turn test”. Results. In a basic European stance, we registered a shift of the common center of pressure (CP) to the back and the left. The parameters of balance had average values. The quality of balance function was 89.43%; movement values were 63.08 rad/s. During right head turns we registered the increase of the CP root-mean-square deviation along the frontal line. During left head turns we registered a statistically significant increase of the CP root-mean-square deviation along the frontal line with a shift of the common center of pressure to the back, a statistically significant decrease of balance function to 79.35%, and a parallel increase of movement values to 74.08 rad/s, which prove balance worsening. Conclusion. Left and right head turns provoke different dynamics of the parameters studied. In particular, there are changes in deviation values. Movement values and the quality of balance function had statistically significant differences only during left head turns. It proves balance worsening in a European stance in college students involved in dynamic sports. The analysis of the CP root-mean-square deviation allows us to conclude that students had circulation disturbance in the vessels of the vertebrobasilar artery to the right.
{"title":"DYNAMICS OF STABILOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN THE HEAD TURN TEST IN STUDENT-ATHLETES","authors":"S. Sedochenko, A. Chernykh, O. Savinkova","doi":"10.14529/HSM190208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190208","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with studying the dynamics of stabilometric parameters during head turns in college students involved in symmetrical sports. Materials and methods. Third-year college students (n = 24) involved in symmetrical sports (volleyball, basketball, rowing, swimming) participated in the study. The average age is 18.2 years. The study of stabilometric parameters was carried out following the procedure of the “Head turn test”. Results. In a basic European stance, we registered a shift of the common center of pressure (CP) to the back and the left. The parameters of balance had average values. The quality of balance function was 89.43%; movement values were 63.08 rad/s. During right head turns we registered the increase of the CP root-mean-square deviation along the frontal line. During left head turns we registered a statistically significant increase of the CP root-mean-square deviation along the frontal line with a shift of the common center of pressure to the back, a statistically significant decrease of balance function to 79.35%, and a parallel increase of movement values to 74.08 rad/s, which prove balance worsening. Conclusion. Left and right head turns provoke different dynamics of the parameters studied. In particular, there are changes in deviation values. Movement values and the quality of balance function had statistically significant differences only during left head turns. It proves balance worsening in a European stance in college students involved in dynamic sports. The analysis of the CP root-mean-square deviation allows us to conclude that students had circulation disturbance in the vessels of the vertebrobasilar artery to the right.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78501904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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