V. Zhigalo, F. Litvin, T. Bulavkina, I. Dubogryzova, T. Stanishevskaya
Aim. The article deals with studying the dynamics of a functional status in young football players aged 10–11 based on the typological features of vegetative heart rhythm regulation and individual reactivity to physical load. Materials and Methods. 28 boys regularly attending a football section participated in the study. We studied the dynamics of their functional status by using the mathematical analysis of heart rate data. HRV data were processed and interpreted with the help of the ‘Varicard 2.51’ equipment and ‘Eskim-6’ program (Axion). The study was conducted at the beginning and at the end of the training year. All participants belonged to the 2nd year group of initial preparation. Results. We revealed three of four existing types of vegetative heart rhythm regulation. More than half of children are characterized by a moderate or pronounced predominance of the central regulatory mechanism. It is shown that after a four-month training in the football section, the number of children with a moderate predominance of the autonomous regulatory mechanism is increasing. We registered a significant increase in the parameters reflecting the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. For example, RMSSD increases by 71% (р < 0.05), HF by 116% (р < 0.05). The decrease of tension in regulatory systems is proved by an increase in the total power (TP) by 35 % and a decrease in the Stress Index (SI) by 62 % (р < 0.05). We also registered a simultaneous decrease in the number of football players with the predominance of the central regulatory mechanism. Conclusion. We revealed increased resistivity to physical load in young football players with the predominance of autonomous regulation. We demonstrated the need for an individual approach to adjusting physical load concerning the genetic predisposition of heart regulation.
{"title":"FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF THE CHILDREN WITH REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY","authors":"V. Zhigalo, F. Litvin, T. Bulavkina, I. Dubogryzova, T. Stanishevskaya","doi":"10.14529/hsm19s110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s110","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with studying the dynamics of a functional status in young football players aged 10–11 based on the typological features of vegetative heart rhythm regulation and individual reactivity to physical load. Materials and Methods. 28 boys regularly attending a football section participated in the study. We studied the dynamics of their functional status by using the mathematical analysis of heart rate data. HRV data were processed and interpreted with the help of the ‘Varicard 2.51’ equipment and ‘Eskim-6’ program (Axion). The study was conducted at the beginning and at the end of the training year. All participants belonged to the 2nd year group of initial preparation. Results. We revealed three of four existing types of vegetative heart rhythm regulation. More than half of children are characterized by a moderate or pronounced predominance of the central regulatory mechanism. It is shown that after a four-month training in the football section, the number of children with a moderate predominance of the autonomous regulatory mechanism is increasing. We registered a significant increase in the parameters reflecting the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. For example, RMSSD increases by 71% (р < 0.05), HF by 116% (р < 0.05). The decrease of tension in regulatory systems is proved by an increase in the total power (TP) by 35 % and a decrease in the Stress Index (SI) by 62 % (р < 0.05). We also registered a simultaneous decrease in the number of football players with the predominance of the central regulatory mechanism. Conclusion. We revealed increased resistivity to physical load in young football players with the predominance of autonomous regulation. We demonstrated the need for an individual approach to adjusting physical load concerning the genetic predisposition of heart regulation.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78886238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To study the dynamics of the development of strength and speed-strength characteristics in men’s 800 m training during the winter macrocycle of running preparation. Material and methods. Four middle-distance athletes were included in the study. Seven indicators characterizing the strength- and speed-strength development were assessed during seven mesocycles of winter preparation. Results. The total strength reached its maximum volume in the first and second mesocycles. We tried to achieve a balance between the development of strength and endurance. Using special running exercises and short alternate leg bounds in the second and sixth mesocycles proved to have a forming input on special running preparation. The development of strength endurance takes place in the first three mesocycles. Conclusion. The strength and speed-strength training of 800 m runners has great importance for achieving high sports results. The effectiveness of the training process depends to a great extent on the structural distribution of strength preparation among the different mesocycles.
{"title":"PECULIARITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL STRENGTH PREPARATION DURING THE WINTER MACROCYCLE FOR THE 800 m EVENT","authors":"H. Stoyanov","doi":"10.14529/hsm19s115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s115","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the dynamics of the development of strength and speed-strength characteristics in men’s 800 m training during the winter macrocycle of running preparation. Material and methods. Four middle-distance athletes were included in the study. Seven indicators characterizing the strength- and speed-strength development were assessed during seven mesocycles of winter preparation. Results. The total strength reached its maximum volume in the first and second mesocycles. We tried to achieve a balance between the development of strength and endurance. Using special running exercises and short alternate leg bounds in the second and sixth mesocycles proved to have a forming input on special running preparation. The development of strength endurance takes place in the first three mesocycles. Conclusion. The strength and speed-strength training of 800 m runners has great importance for achieving high sports results. The effectiveness of the training process depends to a great extent on the structural distribution of strength preparation among the different mesocycles.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82398071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Zakharova, I. Pushmina, V. Pushmina, M. Kudriavtsev, S. Sitnichuk
Aim. The article deals with the study of technological approaches to the quality and development of a functional fermented milk product for specialized sports nutrition. Materials and methods. Skim milk, whey protein concentrate, and starter cultures (DELVO-YOG®, DIRECT SET) were used for the study. Bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium animalis) were introduced as a probiotic. Creatine monohydrate (Creatine Powder C4N9O2N3, USA) was used as an element of sports nutrition. The fruit fillers (“Green Apple”, “Blueberry”, produced by “Zuegg”, Italy) were also introduced into the product. The research was conducted using standard and original methods, mathematical modeling, and statistical processing of experimental data. Results. The obtained data on the physiological effects of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and nutrients, enhancing the adaptive capacity to the physical and neuro-emotional stress, indicate the need for their use in the technology of specialized food for athletes. Technological approaches to the quality of a functional fermented milk product for sports nutrition were studied. Based on a combination of milk, whey protein concentrate, starter cultures, and bifidobacteria, a fermented milk product was designed. This product is intended for athletes during training, competition, and recovery. The introduction of creatine monohydrate into the milk base allowed enriching the product with amino acids. Conclusion. This study is of great interest in terms of getting yogurts with the textural properties similar to the traditional ones but with the use of functional ingredients. The study also contributes to the development of food technologies and products for sports nutrition.
{"title":"FERMENTED MILK PRODUCT FOR SPORTS NUTRITION","authors":"L. Zakharova, I. Pushmina, V. Pushmina, M. Kudriavtsev, S. Sitnichuk","doi":"10.14529/hsm19s117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s117","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with the study of technological approaches to the quality and development of a functional fermented milk product for specialized sports nutrition. Materials and methods. Skim milk, whey protein concentrate, and starter cultures (DELVO-YOG®, DIRECT SET) were used for the study. Bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium animalis) were introduced as a probiotic. Creatine monohydrate (Creatine Powder C4N9O2N3, USA) was used as an element of sports nutrition. The fruit fillers (“Green Apple”, “Blueberry”, produced by “Zuegg”, Italy) were also introduced into the product. The research was conducted using standard and original methods, mathematical modeling, and statistical processing of experimental data. Results. The obtained data on the physiological effects of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and nutrients, enhancing the adaptive capacity to the physical and neuro-emotional stress, indicate the need for their use in the technology of specialized food for athletes. Technological approaches to the quality of a functional fermented milk product for sports nutrition were studied. Based on a combination of milk, whey protein concentrate, starter cultures, and bifidobacteria, a fermented milk product was designed. This product is intended for athletes during training, competition, and recovery. The introduction of creatine monohydrate into the milk base allowed enriching the product with amino acids. Conclusion. This study is of great interest in terms of getting yogurts with the textural properties similar to the traditional ones but with the use of functional ingredients. The study also contributes to the development of food technologies and products for sports nutrition.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86305436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. The article deals with justifying the means of providing information about movement technique using cognitive visualization. Materials and methods. The following methods have been used for the study: the study and analysis of the psychological, pedagogical, and methodical literature; the synthesis of the advanced theory and practice of teaching movements; the synthesis of concepts and general provisions. Results. Cognitive visualization of educational information provides a better perception of complex knowledge. The principles of cognitive visualization can be effectively used in teaching movements to form in students a general idea about solving a movement task. The information about exercise technique in visual form implies the creation of such a mean which allows establishing key elements in the structure of the action studied (main positions, control movements, phases, cycles) and providing the students with information for a conscious and effective search for the most efficient movement. The effect of cognitive visualization is supposed to be achieved through the integration of the graphical elements into a video of the sports movement. One-hand throwing is used as an example of movement technique. Conclusion. Preparing the information about movement technique using cognitive visualization should be performed based on structured and visually treated information in dynamic form. The most optimal way of providing the knowledge on exercise technique is a video created with multimedia technologies.
{"title":"PROVIDING INFORMATION ABOUT MOVEMENT TECHNIQUE USING COGNITIVE VISUALIZATION","authors":"V. Khramov, E. Shirshova, E. Matova","doi":"10.14529/hsm19s113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s113","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with justifying the means of providing information about movement technique using cognitive visualization. Materials and methods. The following methods have been used for the study: the study and analysis of the psychological, pedagogical, and methodical literature; the synthesis of the advanced theory and practice of teaching movements; the synthesis of concepts and general provisions. Results. Cognitive visualization of educational information provides a better perception of complex knowledge. The principles of cognitive visualization can be effectively used in teaching movements to form in students a general idea about solving a movement task. The information about exercise technique in visual form implies the creation of such a mean which allows establishing key elements in the structure of the action studied (main positions, control movements, phases, cycles) and providing the students with information for a conscious and effective search for the most efficient movement. The effect of cognitive visualization is supposed to be achieved through the integration of the graphical elements into a video of the sports movement. One-hand throwing is used as an example of movement technique. Conclusion. Preparing the information about movement technique using cognitive visualization should be performed based on structured and visually treated information in dynamic form. The most optimal way of providing the knowledge on exercise technique is a video created with multimedia technologies.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82583272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kuznetsov, L. Smelysheva, O. Arkhipova, A. Moskovkin, N. Sazhina
Aim. The article deals with establishing the effect of muscle load on the stomach secretory function in the conditions of partial pharmacological blockade of M-cholinoreceptors and β-adrenoceptors in patients with duodenal acidification. Materials and methods. 22 males aged 18–23 years participated in the study. The stomach secretory function at rest under a 30-minute cycle ergometer load of 36 900 kgm combined with a partial pharmacological blockade of M-cholinoreceptors (1.5 mg per kg of body mass) and β-adrenoceptors (0.6 mg obsidan per kg of body mass) was studied using gastric and gastroduodenal intubation. Results. The blockade of M-cholinoreceptors at muscle rest provoked a noticeable decrease in the total content of electrolytes (p < 0.01), enzymes (p < 0.001), HCL (p < 0.001), and proteolytic activity (p < 0.001) in gastric juice. The combined activity of atropine and physical load in the conditions of duodenal acidification inhibited the amount of secretion significantly to 49.9 ± 11.1%, HCl to 29.7 ± 9.4%, pepsinogen to 19.8 ± 7.4% (p ˂ 0.001). The blockade of β-adrenoceptors significantly decreased the stomach secretory function in the conditions of basal secretion and duodenal acidification. After using a 10% dried cabbage decoction as a stimulator we registered an increase in the amount of secretion up to 141.1 ± 12.2%, HCl discharge – to 186.3 ± 21.9%, and pepsinogen – to 188.5 ± 20.4%. The same tendency was registered for the cycle ergometer test in the conditions of the blockade of β-adrenoceptors. Conclusion. The effect of muscle load on the stomach secretory function contributes significantly to the role of the sympathetic nervous system. Duodenal acidification in the conditions of the blockade of β-adrenoceptors intensifies the inhibitory effect, while stimulation with a dry cabbage decoction improves the stomach secretory function.
{"title":"STOMACH SECRETORY FUNCTION UNDER MUSCLE LOAD IN THE CONDITIONS OF PHARMACOLOGICAL BLOCADE OF M-CHOLINORECEPTORS AND β-ADRENOCEPTORS","authors":"A. Kuznetsov, L. Smelysheva, O. Arkhipova, A. Moskovkin, N. Sazhina","doi":"10.14529/hsm19s107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s107","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with establishing the effect of muscle load on the stomach secretory function in the conditions of partial pharmacological blockade of M-cholinoreceptors and β-adrenoceptors in patients with duodenal acidification. Materials and methods. 22 males aged 18–23 years participated in the study. The stomach secretory function at rest under a 30-minute cycle ergometer load of 36 900 kgm combined with a partial pharmacological blockade of M-cholinoreceptors (1.5 mg per kg of body mass) and β-adrenoceptors (0.6 mg obsidan per kg of body mass) was studied using gastric and gastroduodenal intubation. Results. The blockade of M-cholinoreceptors at muscle rest provoked a noticeable decrease in the total content of electrolytes (p < 0.01), enzymes (p < 0.001), HCL (p < 0.001), and proteolytic activity (p < 0.001) in gastric juice. The combined activity of atropine and physical load in the conditions of duodenal acidification inhibited the amount of secretion significantly to 49.9 ± 11.1%, HCl to 29.7 ± 9.4%, pepsinogen to 19.8 ± 7.4% (p ˂ 0.001). The blockade of β-adrenoceptors significantly decreased the stomach secretory function in the conditions of basal secretion and duodenal acidification. After using a 10% dried cabbage decoction as a stimulator we registered an increase in the amount of secretion up to 141.1 ± 12.2%, HCl discharge – to 186.3 ± 21.9%, and pepsinogen – to 188.5 ± 20.4%. The same tendency was registered for the cycle ergometer test in the conditions of the blockade of β-adrenoceptors. Conclusion. The effect of muscle load on the stomach secretory function contributes significantly to the role of the sympathetic nervous system. Duodenal acidification in the conditions of the blockade of β-adrenoceptors intensifies the inhibitory effect, while stimulation with a dry cabbage decoction improves the stomach secretory function.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88301157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Tayebi, M. Khademosharie, T. Parsa, Mehdi Abaszadegan, A. Saeidi, A. Nenasheva
Objectives. ATP-binding cassette transporters transfer a variety of substrates across the lipid bilayers in an energy-dependent manner. ABCA1 is a member of this family, which plays a crucial role in plasma HDL-C metabolism. On the other hand, the short-term effects of exercise training are less studied. The aim of this study was the effects of a single bout of exercise on liver ABCA1 gene expression in the male Wistar rats. Methods. Twenty four male Wistar rats were housed in a standard environment and randomly divided into two Control (n = 12) and Experimental (n = 12) groups. The exercise included running on a treadmill for 120 min (18 m/min). Immediately, 2 and 24 hours after exercise, rats were anesthetized, and samples were taken from the adipose tissue and liver. Liver ABCA1 was assessed by RT-PCR. Results. The results showed that liver ABCA1 gene expression had significant elevation immediately, 2 and 24 hours after exercise (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The findings of this study proved that acute exercise can increase liver ABCA1 gene expression.
{"title":"THE ACUTE EFFECT OF RUNNING EXERCISE ON LIVER ABCA1 GENE EXPRESSION IN MALE WISTAR RATS","authors":"S. Tayebi, M. Khademosharie, T. Parsa, Mehdi Abaszadegan, A. Saeidi, A. Nenasheva","doi":"10.14529/HSM19S106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM19S106","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. ATP-binding cassette transporters transfer a variety of substrates across the lipid bilayers in an energy-dependent manner. ABCA1 is a member of this family, which plays a crucial role in plasma HDL-C metabolism. On the other hand, the short-term effects of exercise training are less studied. The aim of this study was the effects of a single bout of exercise on liver ABCA1 gene expression in the male Wistar rats. Methods. Twenty four male Wistar rats were housed in a standard environment and randomly divided into two Control (n = 12) and Experimental (n = 12) groups. The exercise included running on a treadmill for 120 min (18 m/min). Immediately, 2 and 24 hours after exercise, rats were anesthetized, and samples were taken from the adipose tissue and liver. Liver ABCA1 was assessed by RT-PCR. Results. The results showed that liver ABCA1 gene expression had significant elevation immediately, 2 and 24 hours after exercise (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The findings of this study proved that acute exercise can increase liver ABCA1 gene expression.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81122246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. The article deals with establishing the features of changes in the morphological parameters of women aged 30–40 years involved in different fitness programs at the basic stage. Materials and methods. 85 women aged 30–40 years participated in different fitness programs during 9 weeks: 17 – gym, 19 – traditional aerobics, 17 – strength aerobics, 17 – functional training, 15 – fitness-yoga. 60-minute fitness lessons were conducted 3 times per week. We measured the following parameters: height, weight, body circumference, skin-fat fold volume, the absolute and relative values of the muscle and fat tissues. Results. In women, body mass reduces under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, and functional training. The reduction of body circumference measurements occurs under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, strength aerobics, and functional training. Muscle mass increases as a result of gym training and decreases after traditional aerobics. The absolute and relative mass of the fat tissue reduces under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, and functional training. Conclusion. Different fitness programs influence differently morphological status in women aged 30-40 years.
{"title":"EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FITNESS PROGRAMS ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WOMEN AGED 30–40 YEARS","authors":"E. Perevalina, M. Shestakov, S. Laggao","doi":"10.14529/HSM19S102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM19S102","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with establishing the features of changes in the morphological parameters of women aged 30–40 years involved in different fitness programs at the basic stage. Materials and methods. 85 women aged 30–40 years participated in different fitness programs during 9 weeks: 17 – gym, 19 – traditional aerobics, 17 – strength aerobics, 17 – functional training, 15 – fitness-yoga. 60-minute fitness lessons were conducted 3 times per week. We measured the following parameters: height, weight, body circumference, skin-fat fold volume, the absolute and relative values of the muscle and fat tissues. Results. In women, body mass reduces under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, and functional training. The reduction of body circumference measurements occurs under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, strength aerobics, and functional training. Muscle mass increases as a result of gym training and decreases after traditional aerobics. The absolute and relative mass of the fat tissue reduces under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, and functional training. Conclusion. Different fitness programs influence differently morphological status in women aged 30-40 years.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86990015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. The article deals with establishing the effect of the method for speed endurance enhancement in female track-and-field athletes from the Kola peninsula through blood lactate control at 11 mmol/l. Materials and methods. The study was conducted from November 2017 to April 2018. At the first stage, we created an experimental group of track-and-field athletes from sports school No 4 (Murmansk). All female athletes (middle-distance runners, n = 34) were 18–20 years old and possessed the first or the second adult category at the time of selection. 1 km test was conducted to establish speed endurance in participants. At the second stage, a 6-month experiment was conducted: all athletes had a 6-week interval training at a distance of 1 km with timekeeping, pulsometry, and blood count for establishing blood lactate immediately after each segment of the distance. At the third stage, a control 1 km test was conducted. The authors analyzed the results obtained using statistical methods (р ≤ 0.01). Results. It was established that the main methods for the development of speed endurance in female athletes are repetitive and interval methods. The main means of speed endurance enhancement are resistance running, running rhythm, and pursuit running. In the first two months of interval training, a significant increase in speed endurance, pulse values, and lactate (no more than 11 mmol/l) was registered. Stagnation of results was registered during the 4th, 5th, 7th, 11th, and 12th weeks of training. Conclusion. The data obtained can be used as a part of special physical preparation in female track-and-field athletes aged 18–20 years from Murmansk and Murmansk region.
{"title":"SPEED ENDURANCE ENHANCEMENT IN TRACK-AND-FIELD ATHLETES FROM THE KOLA PENINSULA THROUGH BLOOD LACTATE CONTROL","authors":"S. Chaynikov, A. Chunin, L. Kuzmina","doi":"10.14529/HSM19S103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM19S103","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with establishing the effect of the method for speed endurance enhancement in female track-and-field athletes from the Kola peninsula through blood lactate control at 11 mmol/l. Materials and methods. The study was conducted from November 2017 to April 2018. At the first stage, we created an experimental group of track-and-field athletes from sports school No 4 (Murmansk). All female athletes (middle-distance runners, n = 34) were 18–20 years old and possessed the first or the second adult category at the time of selection. 1 km test was conducted to establish speed endurance in participants. At the second stage, a 6-month experiment was conducted: all athletes had a 6-week interval training at a distance of 1 km with timekeeping, pulsometry, and blood count for establishing blood lactate immediately after each segment of the distance. At the third stage, a control 1 km test was conducted. The authors analyzed the results obtained using statistical methods (р ≤ 0.01). Results. It was established that the main methods for the development of speed endurance in female athletes are repetitive and interval methods. The main means of speed endurance enhancement are resistance running, running rhythm, and pursuit running. In the first two months of interval training, a significant increase in speed endurance, pulse values, and lactate (no more than 11 mmol/l) was registered. Stagnation of results was registered during the 4th, 5th, 7th, 11th, and 12th weeks of training. Conclusion. The data obtained can be used as a part of special physical preparation in female track-and-field athletes aged 18–20 years from Murmansk and Murmansk region.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81338962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Tsimbal, N. Steinberg, D. Khomich, N. Egorov, A. tuGolukoV
Aim. The article deals with studying the changes in binocular pupillometry to establish vegetative activity in athletes after high exercise stress. Materials and methods. 25 male athletes aged 19–34 years with no health limitations participated in the study. We estimated a set of the commonly accepted parameters of pupillometry (pupil diameter, pupil reaction initiation time, pupil constriction diameter, pupil constriction velocity) by measuring pupil reaction to a light stimulus with the help of a non-contact pupilometer (KVAZAR, Moscow). The examination was conducted prior to physical stress and 5, 15, and 30 minutes after. Intertrack-750 treadmill (SchillerAG, Switzerland) was used for testing. Results. The results obtained in a pupillometric study prove that there is a predominance of the sympathetic component in athletes at maximal load accompanied by emotional stress. After physical stress accompanied by fatigue and nervous system exhaustion, there is a pronounced predominance of the parasympathetic component. Conclusion. The data obtained prove that binocular pupillometry can be effectively used in sports medicine to estimate vegetative tone and regulatory mechanisms in athletes.
{"title":"CHANGES IN BINOCULAR PUPILLOMETRY IN ATHLETES AFTER HIGH EXERCISE STRESS","authors":"M. Tsimbal, N. Steinberg, D. Khomich, N. Egorov, A. tuGolukoV","doi":"10.14529/HSM19S104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM19S104","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with studying the changes in binocular pupillometry to establish vegetative activity in athletes after high exercise stress. Materials and methods. 25 male athletes aged 19–34 years with no health limitations participated in the study. We estimated a set of the commonly accepted parameters of pupillometry (pupil diameter, pupil reaction initiation time, pupil constriction diameter, pupil constriction velocity) by measuring pupil reaction to a light stimulus with the help of a non-contact pupilometer (KVAZAR, Moscow). The examination was conducted prior to physical stress and 5, 15, and 30 minutes after. Intertrack-750 treadmill (SchillerAG, Switzerland) was used for testing. Results. The results obtained in a pupillometric study prove that there is a predominance of the sympathetic component in athletes at maximal load accompanied by emotional stress. After physical stress accompanied by fatigue and nervous system exhaustion, there is a pronounced predominance of the parasympathetic component. Conclusion. The data obtained prove that binocular pupillometry can be effectively used in sports medicine to estimate vegetative tone and regulatory mechanisms in athletes.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73010034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. The article deals with studying the effect of feedback training on the characteristics of brain bioelectrical activity. Materials and methods. 60 female non-athletes aged 18–20 years participated in the study. Sports training for improving the vestibular analyzer and proprioceptive sensitivity was conducted as well as feedback training with the data for ‘the projected center of mass position’ and ‘applied efforts’ parameters. EEG recording was conducted during the Romberg and Biryuk tests before and after the training course. Results. The specificity of the physiological mechanisms of various types of training, aimed at improving the vestibular analyzer and proprioceptive sensitivity, is reflected in the formation of special patterns of bioelectric activity of the cerebral cortex. Traditional training methods have the least effect on EEG characteristics, while biofeedback training is characterized by a more pronounced effect. Along with similar effects (the increased slow activity of theta and delta range, mainly in the frontal area of the cortex, and activation of high-frequency beta activity in the occipital leads), differences are also recorded. If training with the “projected center of mass position” parameter used as a BFB channel was accompanied by suppression of alpha-range activity, then training with the “applied efforts” parameter used as a BFB channel, on the contrary, increased the alpha activity in the occipital cortex. Conclusion. The parameters of bioelectrical activity of the cerebral cortex are informative when conducting biofeedback training and can be used to monitor its effectiveness and assess the physiological aspects.
{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS OF BRAIN BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY DURING FEEDBACK TRAINING","authors":"A. Illarionova, L. Kapilevich","doi":"10.14529/hsm19s101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s101","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with studying the effect of feedback training on the characteristics of brain bioelectrical activity. Materials and methods. 60 female non-athletes aged 18–20 years participated in the study. Sports training for improving the vestibular analyzer and proprioceptive sensitivity was conducted as well as feedback training with the data for ‘the projected center of mass position’ and ‘applied efforts’ parameters. EEG recording was conducted during the Romberg and Biryuk tests before and after the training course. Results. The specificity of the physiological mechanisms of various types of training, aimed at improving the vestibular analyzer and proprioceptive sensitivity, is reflected in the formation of special patterns of bioelectric activity of the cerebral cortex. Traditional training methods have the least effect on EEG characteristics, while biofeedback training is characterized by a more pronounced effect. Along with similar effects (the increased slow activity of theta and delta range, mainly in the frontal area of the cortex, and activation of high-frequency beta activity in the occipital leads), differences are also recorded. If training with the “projected center of mass position” parameter used as a BFB channel was accompanied by suppression of alpha-range activity, then training with the “applied efforts” parameter used as a BFB channel, on the contrary, increased the alpha activity in the occipital cortex. Conclusion. The parameters of bioelectrical activity of the cerebral cortex are informative when conducting biofeedback training and can be used to monitor its effectiveness and assess the physiological aspects.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80131935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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